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Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials III Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials III Ceramic Transactions, Volume 219 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials Kurashiki, Japan (2009) Edited by Kevin Ewsuk Makio Naito Tomoyuki Kakeshita Soshu Kirihara Keizo Uematsu Hiroya Abe ®WILEY A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Copyright © 2010 by The American Ceramic Society. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Ill River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. ISBN 978-0-470-90917-1 Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 Contents Preface xi JOINING TECHNOLOGY FOR NEW METALLIC GLASSES AND INORGANIC MATERIALS Devitrification Behavior and Crystal-Glassy Mixed-Phase Structures 3 Observed in Partially Crystallized Cu-Based Glassy Alloys D. V. Louzguine-Luzgin, G. Xie, Q. Zhang, and A. Inoue Direct Bonding of Copper to Alumina and Its Characterization 9 Wei-Hsing Tuan and Shao-Kuan Lee Synthesis and Characterization of Materials Harmonized with the 15 Environment—Proton Conductive Silica-Based Hybrid Membranes for Fuel Cells at Intermediate Temperatures Masaki Kato, Junji Umeda, Masashi Suzuki, Makoto Moriya, Wataru Sakamoto, and Toshinobu Yogo Formation of Bone-Like Hydroxyapatite on Surface-Modified Bulk 23 Metallic Glass Using a Hydrothermal-Electrochemical Method Nobuhiro Matsushita, Naota Sugiyama, Sayaka Maruyama, Rieko Ito, Kenichi Katsumata, Masahiro Yoshimura, Masahiro Tsukamoto, Xinmin Wang, Takeshi Wada, Akihisa Inoue, and Kiyoshi Okada Low Temperature Bonding of Bulk Metallic Glass Using an 29 Ultrasonic Process Hiroshi Nishikawa, Krit WongPiromsarn, Hiroya Abe, Tadashi Takemoto, Masao Kubo, Yoshiharu Sanagawa, Takamasa Sakai, Mikio Fukuhara, and Akihisa Inoue Microstructure and Properties of a Ni-Based Metallic Glass Coating 37 Produced by Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Spraying Akira Kobayashi, Toshio Kuroda, Hisamichi Kimura, and Akihisa Inoue v Tensile Behavior of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass in High-Speed 43 Tensile Tests Yoshihiro Sakino, Toshio Kuroda, and You-Chul Kim Microstructure Formation on a Titanium-Based Bulk Metallic Glass 49 Plate by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation Masahiro Tsukamoto, Togo Shinonaga, Nobuhiro Matsushita, Xinmin Wang, Takeshi Wada, and Nobuyuki Abe Laser Butt Welding of Mg-Based Metallic Glass 55 Takeshi Terajima, Kazuhiro Nakata, Hisamichi Kimura, and Akihisa Inoue Terahertz Wave Properties of Micro Patterned Titania and Metallic 61 Glass Particles in Hexagonal Tablets Fabricated Using Microstereolithography Soshu Kirihara, Naoki Komori, Maasa Nakano, Noritoshi Ohta, and Toshiki Niki Thermal Stability of Zr 5Cu3oNi AI Metallic Glass in Contact with 67 5 5 10 Aluminum Masakatsu Maeda, Yasuo Takahashi, and Akihisa Inoue Laser Welding of Zr 5Cu3oAI Ni Bulk Metallic Glass 73 5 10 5 M. Ashour, S. Katayama, T. Kuroda, and H. Kimura NANO-PARTICLES AND POWDERS Nanostructured (Y^xGd^OaiEu3* Powders Obtained through 83 Aerosol Synthesis Katarina R. Marinkovic, LidijaT. Mancic, Maria Eugenia Rabanal, Luz Gomez, Miroslav Dramicanin, and Olivera B. Milosevic A Simple Approach to Form Hydrothermally Stable Templated 91 Hollow Silica Nanoparticles Raymond V. Rivera Virtudazo, Hideo Watanabe, Masayoshi Fuji, and Minoru Takahashi Photocatalytic Properties of Titania/Silica Composite Nanoparticles 99 and Gels Masanori Hirano, Keisuke Ota, and Shunsuke Oya Pressure Filtration of Phenylalanine-Adsorbed Submicrometer 105 Silicon Carbide Particles Shinichi Baba, Yoshihiro Hirata, Naoki Matsunaga, and Soichiro Sameshima Characterization of the Tribological Interface in Low Wear Magneli 111 Type Ceramics Rolf Waesche, Mathias Woydt, and Birgit Rehmer vi · Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials III Dispersion Behavior and Surface Interaction Control of SiC 117 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media by Using Polymeric Dispersants Yosuke Nomura, Motoyuki lijima, and Hidehiro Kamiya Fibrous Composite Powder Compacts for Thermal Insulation at 123 High Temperature T. Ohmura, Y. Ito, I. Abe, H. Abe, and M. Naito Fabrication of Non-Firing Ceramics by Surface Particle Activation 129 Using a Planetary Ball Mill Apiluck Eiad-ua, Takashi Shirai, Hideo Watanabe, Masayoshi Fuji, Koji Orito, and Minoru Takahashi Dispersion Behavior of Carbon Black Nanoparticles with a Silane 137 Coupling Agent in an Organic Solvent Kenji Takebayashi, Yoshinori Tsuji, Shuji Sasabe, Motoyuki lijima, and Hidehiro Kamiya Morphological Change during Drying in the Synthesis of ZnO 143 Microtubes from an Aqueous Solution Seiji Yamashita, H. Watanabe, T. Shirai, M. Fuji, and M. Takahashi. Preparation of ZnO/AI 0 Nanocomposite Particles by Mechanical 151 2 3 Treatment Satoko Tasaki, Junichi Tatami, Hiromi Nakan, Toru Wakihara, Katsutoshi Komeya, and Takeshi Meguro INTERFACE CHARACTERIZATION AND CONTROL Thermal Properties of Materials at Interfaces for Electronic 157 Application Seongjin Hwang, Dongsun Kim, Hyungsun Kim General Analytical Concept and Design Methodology to Producing 165 a Clay-Based Polymer Nanocomposite Refat A. El-Sheikhy and Mosleh A. Al-Shamrani Time Dependence of Contact Angle between Silver-Copper- 175 Titanium Alloys and Boron Nitride Yoshihisa Sechi, Taihei Matsumoto, and Kazuhiro Nakata Hard X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis for Organic- 183 Inorganic Hybrid Materials Formation Ken Cho, Kosuke Takenaka, Yuichi Setsuhara, Masaharu Shiratani, Makoto Sekine.Masaru Hori, Eiji Ikenaga, Hiroki Kondo, Osamu Nakatsuka, and Shigeaki Zaima Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials III · vii Numerical Analysis of Plasma Keyhole Welding of an Aluminum 189 Thin Plate Minoru Miyata, Shinichi Tashiro, and Manabu Tanaka A Simulation Model of a Short Arc Lamp 195 Y. Tsujimura, K. Yamamoto, and M. Tanaka ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Some Recent Advances in the Understanding of Gas-Solid 205 Interactions during the Gasification of Brown Coal and Biomass Chun-Zhu Li Synthesis and Applications of Porous Carbon Materials in Thailand: 213 A Review of Recent Research W. Tanthapanichakoon, N. Tonanon, A. Siyasuk, P. Poommarin, N. Thongprachan, and T. Charinpanitkul Modern Real-Time Characterization of Airborne Nanoparticles 221 Wladyslaw W. Szymanski and Günter Allmaier Novel Recycling Process of Waste FRP for Advanced Materials 229 Akira Kondo, Hiroya Abe, Makio Naito, Yasuko Okuni, Masashi Miura, and Norifumi Isu Numerical Simulation of Flow and NO Reduction in a de-NO 237 x x Catalyst Honeycomb Kenji Tanno, Ryoichi Kurose, Hisao Makino, and Satoru Komori Creation of Triple-Phase-Boundary in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Using 243 a Three-Dimensionally Ordered Structure Hirokazu Munakata, Masashi Otani, Yuki Katsuki, and Kiyoshi Kanamura Chemical Reductive Preparation of Ni Decorated Conductive 249 Porous Alumina Composite and Its Electro-Performance in Alkaline Solution Chunxi Hai, Hideo Watanabe, Takashi Shirai, Masayoshi Fuji, Feng Wang, Jingjun Liu, and Minoru Takahashi Influence of the Functional Groups on Carbon Black Particles on 255 the Zeta-Potential Masahide Kawaraya, Sumiyo Shimizu, Hideyuki Hisashi, and Hidehiro Kamiya SMART PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY Eudragit Polymer Encapsulated Hydroxyapatite Microspheres as a 265 Carrier for the Sustained Release of Small Molecular Drugs Jianbo Guo, Hui Xu, Shaoning Wang, Sijie Zhang, Hiroya Abe, Xiaoyun Wang, Yanqiu Zhao, and Makio Naito viii · Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials III Preparation of Estradiol Submicron Emulsions to Improve Brain 273 Targeting through the Nasal Route in Rats Chaoqun Yu, Xiaomei Wang, and Xing Tang Development of a Combinatorial Plasma Process Analyzer for 279 Advanced R&D of Next Generation Nanodevice Fabrication Kosuke Takenaka, Ken Cho, Yuichi Setsuhara, Masaharu Shiratani, Makoto Sekine, and Masaru Hori Spark Plasma Sintering of Carbon Particles Coated with Al 0 285 2 3 Ceramic Weiwu Chen, Yoshinari Miyamoto, Taihei Matsumoto, and Tstsuro Tojo Plasma-Enhanced Nanoparticles-Beam Deposition for High-Rate 293 Formation of Nanocomposite Films Kosuke Takenaka, Yuki Nakajima, Yuichi Setsuhara, Hiroya Abe, and Kiyoshi Nogi Microstructures Formed on Stainless Steel by Femtosecond Laser 299 Irradiation Hiroshi Honda, Masahiro Tsukamoto, Nobuyuki Abe, Togo Shinonaga, and Masayuki Fujita Fabrication and Densification of SiC Coated Carbon Microparticles 305 Masaharu Nakamura, Yoshinari Miyamoto, Taihei Matsumoto, and Tetsuro Tojo Effect of Particle Dispersion on a Gel-Cast Green Body 311 K. Yoshino, M. Fuji, T. Shirai, and M. Takahashi Effect of the Polymer Structure in a Gelcast Green Body on 319 Graphitization Tomoaki Kato, Takashi Shirai, Hideo Watanabe, Masayoshi Fuji, and Minoru Takahashi Fabrication of Alumina Diamond Photonic Crystals with Twinned 325 Interfaces to Develop Terahertz Wave Resonators Toshiki Niki and Soshu Kirihara Fabrication of Alumina Dental Crowns Using Stereolithography 331 Mitsuyori Suwa, Soshu Kirihara, and Taiji Sohmura Structure and Photochemical Properties of a Ti0 -ln203-Sn02-AI 03 337 2 2 Film Prepared by Electrolysis of an Aqueous Solution Naoki Matsunaga, Keigo Oshiro, Yoshihiro Hirata, Yousuke Fukuda, Soichiro Sameshima, Toshifumi Yoshidome, and Takamasa Ishigaki Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials III · ix MATERIALS DESIGN Predicting the Reliability of Brittle Materials 347 S.W. Freiman and Jeffrey Fong Effective Methods to Determine Hardness and Toughness of 355 Structural Ceramics R. Morrell Design and Reliability of Layered Ceramics 363 Y. N. Kim, H. G. Shin, J. K. Song, M. C. Shin, B. K. Shin, T. M. Noh, and H. S. Lee Metallic Bonding with the Use of Copper Compound Powders 373 Kazuaki lhara, Y. Kobayashi, N. Shibamiya, M. Minato, Y. Yasuda, T. Morita, and S. Yamada Effect of Plasma Spray Coating Parameters on the Microstructure 379 and Performance of an Alumina/Copper Composite Kuan Hong Lin, Zi Hao Xu, and Shun Tian Lin Fabrication of Nano-Ti0 Coated Morphgenetic Carbon and Its 385 2 Photocatalytic Performance D. Huang, Y. Miyamoto, T. Matsumoto, T. Tojo, T. Fan, J. Ding, Q. Guo, and D. Zhang Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded 391 lnconel718Alloy K. H. Song and K. Nakata In Situ Observation of Phase Transformations in Fe-0.08C Alloy 397 Di Zhang, Hidenori Terasaki, and Yuichi Komizo Author Index 403 x · Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials III Preface Interfaces are critically important to a broad spectrum of materials and technolo- gies. In 2003, the First International Conference on Characterization and Control of Interfaces for High Quality Advanced Materials (ICCCI2003) established an inter- national forum to discuss interface science and technology. Interest and participa- tion doubled in 2006, at the Second International Conference (ICCCI2006). The discussion continued in 2009 at the Third International Conference (ICCCI2009), where interface characterization and control technology for nano- to micro-scale materials synthesis, powder processing, composite processing, joining, and the con- trol of airborne particulates were addressed by scientists and engineers from acade- mia, industry, and national laboratories. Additionally, joining technology for new metallic glasses and inorganic materials, and interface phenomena at high tempera- ture were featured as special topics at ICCCI2009. ICCCI2009 was supported by the Global COE Program "Center of Excellence for Advanced Structural and Functional Materials Design" lead by Professor To- moyuki Kakeshita at Osaka University, the Project on Joining Technology for New Metallic Glasses and Inorganic Materials, the Institute of Materials Research (IMR) of Tohoku University, the Materials and Structures Laboratory (MSL) of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kobe Gakuin University, Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation, the Japan JSPS 124th Committee, and the Joining and Welding Re- search Institute (JWRI) of Osaka University. Over 160 scientists and engineers from academia and industry from 18 different countries attended ICCCI2009 to see and discuss 140 invited and contributed pre- sentations and posters on the state-of-the-art of interface characterization and control for particulate materials, joining, and nanotechnology. This proceedings volume features 57 peer-reviewed papers from ICCCI2009 on interface characteri- zation and control technology, powder and composite processing, joining, the con- xi

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