Characterization and Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality in relation to Nitrate, Fluoride and ...

135 Pages·2017·2.92 MB·English

Characterization and Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality
in relation to Nitrate, Fluoride and Boron of Western Madhya
Pradesh – A case study of Mandsaur District
THESIS

Submitted to the

Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya,
Gwalior (M.P.)
In partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE
In
AGRICULTURE
(SOIL SCIENCE & AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY)
By
Rambalwan Jatav

Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry,
Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya
College of Agriculture, Indore (M.P.)
Indore (M.P.)
2013
CERTIFICATE – I

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Characterization and
Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality in relation to Nitrate, Fluoride and Boron
of Western Madhya Pradesh – A case study of Mandsaur District” submitted in
partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN
AGRICULTURE (DEPARTMENT OF SOIL SCIENCE & AGRICULTURAL
CHEMISTRY) of Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior is a
record of the bonafied research work carried out by Mr. Rambalwan Jatav, ID No.
A/GW/222/2005 under my guidance and supervision. The subject of the thesis has
been approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee and the Director of Instruction.
No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma
(Certificate awarded etc.) or has been published. All the assistance and help received
during the course of the investigation has dully been acknowledged by him.

Place: Indore
Date:
(Dr. V. K. Khaddar)
Chairman of the Advisory Committee

THESIS APPROVED BY THE STUDENT’S ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Chairman : Dr. V. K. Khaddar ………………………
Member : Dr. U.R. Khandkar ..............................
Member : Dr. K. S. Kumar ………………………
CERTIFICATE – II

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Characterization and
Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality in relation to Nitrate, Fluoride and Boron
of Western Madhya Pradesh – A case study of Mandsaur District” submitted by Mr.
Rambalwan Jatav, ID No. A/GW/222/2005 to the Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi
Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Agriculture (Department of Soil Science & Agricultural
Chemistry) College of Agriculture, Indore, has been, approved after evaluation by
the External Examiner and by the Student’s Advisory Committee after an oral
examination on the same.

Place: Indore
Date:
(Dr. V. K. Khaddar)
Chairman of the Advisory Committee

MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Chairman : Dr. V. K. Khaddar ……………………….
Member : Dr. U.R. Khandkar ……………………….
Member : Dr. K. S. Kumar ……………………….
Head of the Department: Dr. U.R. Khandkar ……………………....
Dean: Dr. A. M. Rajput ……………………….
Director of Instructions: Dr. R.L. Rajput ………………………
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take it to be my proud privilege to avail this opportunity to express my sincere and
deep sense of gratitude chairman of my advisory committee Dr. V. K. Khaddar, Asso.
Professor (Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry) for his stimulating guidance,
constructive suggestions, keen and sustained interest and incessant encouragement
bestowed during the entire period of investigation, as well as critically going through the
manuscript.
I am gratified to record sincere thanks to the members of the advisory committee; Dr.
U. R. Khandkar, Principal Scientist and Head of the Section, (Department of Soil
Science and Agricultural Chemistry), Dr. K. S. Kumar, Professor, (Department of
Agricultural Statistics), for their generous gestures and valuable suggestions in
planning and execution of this study.
I am privileged to express sincere and deep sense of gratitude to Dr. A. M. Rajput,
Dean, College of Agriculture, Indore for his due attention and encouragement during
the study period and also for providing me the necessary facilities during the course of
study.
It is pertinent to record sincere gratitude to Dr. K. S. Bangar, Dr. S. K. Sharma, Dr.
S. P. K. Unni, Professor, (Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry), for
their valuable suggestions and commendable help rendered during the course of
investigation.
I feel delighted to acknowledge my friend and fellow Pawan Solanki, Nisha Swami,
Sushma Parmar, Pankaj Patidar, Kapil Jat, Mukesh Jhaniya, Narayan Patel, Devilal
Chouhan, Gyanprakash Pandey, Hukum Singh Rawat, Harish Patidar, Dharmendra
Yadav, Govind Shingh Pethari, Shivnath Kudare, Deepak Solanki, Siddharth Lashkari,
Yashwardhan Patel, Rahul Dhaketa, Ankush Gupta, Shivpal Piperdey, Ravindra
Yadav, Shahid Kurreshi and Vikram Nigole, all my friends for their everlasting help and
encouragement during the Course of investigation.
I say heartly thanks to my seniors Sanjay Dubey sir, Rajesh Jain sir, H. R.
Jatav sir, Sandeep Pandagare sir, Jitendra Hanotiya sir, R. L. Sisodiya sir for
their everlasting help and encouragement during the course of investigation.
I feel short of words to express my gratitude to my parents Shri Sitaram
Jatav and Smt. Shanti Bai Jatav, my elder brother Ramhari Narve and my
younger sister Ku. Manisha Jatav and my Grandmother Smt. Tulsi Bai Jatav for
their utmost Co-operation, love and encouragement during the course of this
work.

Place - Indore
Date - (Rambalwan
Jatav)
CONTENTS

Number Title Page
I INTRODUCTION 1-3
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4-28
III MATERIAL AND METHODS 29-34
IV RESULTS /EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS 35-79
V DISCUSSION 80-89
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
VI 90-93
SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER WORK
BIBLIOGRAPHY I-XIII
APPENDIX i-xiii
VITA
List of Table
Table Title Page
no. No.

3.1 Details of water samples of different location in Mandsaur District. 31
3.2 Classification of irrigation water quality as per Minhas et al. (1998) of 33

CSSRI, Karnal, (Haryana).
3.3 Classes of groundwater quality as per Richards (1954) 34
4.1 Number of ground water samples collected from different Tehsil of 35

Mandsaur District.
4.2 Distribution of ground water samples according to wells/Tubwells 36

depth of Mandsaur District.
4.3 Chemical Composition of Ground water samples of Mandsaur Tehsil. 37
4.4 Range, mean and SD value of ground water samples of Mandsaur 40
Tehsil
4.5 Chemical Composition of Ground water samples of Malhargarh Tehsil. 41
4.6 Range, mean and SD value of ground water samples of Malhargarh 42
Tehsil
4.7 Chemical Composition of Ground water samples of Sitamau Tehsil. 44
4.8 Range, mean and SD value of different parameters of irrigation water 45
samples of Sitamau Tehsil
4.9 Chemical Composition of Ground water samples of Suwasra Tehsil. 46
4.10 Range, mean and SD value of different parameters of irrigation water 48
samples of Suwasra Tehsil
4.11 Chemical Composition of Ground water samples of Garoth Tehsil. 49
4. 12 Range, mean and SD value of different parameters of irrigation water 52
samples of Garoth Tehsil
4.13 Chemical Composition of Ground water samples of Bhanpura Tehsil. 54
4R.a1n4 Range, mean and SD value of different parameters of irrigation water 5 5
samples of Bhanpura Tehsil
4.15 Range, mean and SD value of water samples of Mandsaur District 56
4.16 Frequency distribution of water samples into different categories of 57
water quality in Mandsaur District
4 . 1 7 Classification of ground water samples of Mandsaur Tehsil according 58
to Richards (1954)
4.18 Distribution of ground water samples according to EC (dSm-1) and 60
SAR (mmolL-1)1/2 of Mandsaur Tehsil
4.19 Classification of ground water samples of Malhargarh Tehsil 60
according to Richards (1954)
4.20 Distribution of ground water samples according to EC (dSm-1) and 61
SAR (mmolL-1)1/2 of Malhargarh Tehsil
4.21 Classification of ground water samples of Sitamau Tehsil according to 62
Richards (1954)
4.22 Distribution of ground water samples according to EC (dSm-1) and 63
SAR (mmolL-1)1/2 of Sitamau Tehsil
4.23 Classification of water samples of Suwasra Tehsil according to 63
Richards (1954)
4.24 Distribution of ground water samples according to EC (dSm-1) and 64
SAR (mmolL-1)1/2 of Suwasra Tehsil
4.25 Classification of ground water samples of Garoth Tehsil according to 65
Richards (1954)
4.26 Distribution of ground water samples according to EC (dSm-1) and 67
SAR (mmolL-1)1/2 of Garoth Tehsil
4.27 Classification of ground water samples of Bhanpura Tehsil according 67
to Richards (1954)
4.28 Distribution of ground water samples according to EC (dSm-1) and 68
SAR (mmolL-1)1/2 of Bhanpura Tehsil
4.29 Distribution of ground water samples according to EC (dSm-1) and 69
SAR (mmolL-1)1/2 of Mandsaur District.
4.30 Distribution of ground water samples according to pH 70
4.31 Distribution of ground water samples according to EC 71
4.32 Distribution of ground water samples according to Sodium 72
concentration
4.33 Distribution of ground water samples according to Sodium 73
Adsorption Ratio (SAR)
4.34 Distribution of ground water samples according to Residual Sodium 74
Carbonate (RSC)
4.35 Distribution of ground water samples according to Chloride 75
4 .36 Distribution of Nitrate in ground water samples according to water quali7ty6
quality guidelines
4.37 Distribution of Boron in ground water samples according to water 77
quality guidelines
4.38 Distribution of Fluoride in ground water samples according to water 78
quality guidelines
4.39 Correlation Coefficient (r) among different parameters of irrigation 80
water samples
List of Figure
Figure Title After
no. Page
No.
3.1 Location of Mandsaur District in M.P. 29

3.2 Irrigation water Classes (Richards, 1954) 34
4.1 Distribution of ground water samples according to pH 68
4.2 Distribution of ground water samples according to EC 69
4.3 Distribution of ground water samples according to Sodium 70
concentration
4.4 Distribution of ground water samples according to SAR 71
4.5 Distribution of ground water samples according to RSC 72
4.6 Distribution of Nitrate in ground water samples 74
4.7 Distribution of Boron in ground water samples 75
4.8 Distribution of Fluoride in ground water samples 76
5.1 Samples of irrigation water under different Tehsil of Mandsaur 80
District.
ABBREVIATION
S. NO. Legends Description

1 Ca2+ Calcium
2 CO2- Carbonate
3
3 HCO- Bi-carbonate
3
4 dSm-1 Desi Siemen per meter
5 EC Electrical conductivity
6 ESP Exchangeable sodium percentage
7 et al. Alied (and other)
8 i.e.(viz) That is (in reference to)
9 K+ Potassium
10 Kg Kilogram
11 L Liter
12 I Liter
13 Cl- Chloride
14 Me Milli equivalent
15 Mmol Milli mol
16 Max. Maximum
17 Mg2+ Megnesium
18 min. Minimum
19 Mm Millimeter
20 Na+ Sodium
21 Ppm Patrs per million
22 RSC Residual sodium carbonate
23 SAR Sodium Adsorption Ratio
24 SD Standard deviation
25 SO— Sulphate
4
26 % Percent
27 ** Significant at 0.05%
28 TW Tube well
29 W Well
30 F- Fluoride
31 B Boron
32 NO- Nitrate
3