Table Of Content

B L M Central Coast Field Offic e Draft Resource Management Plan Amendment and Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Oil and Gas Leasing and Development Index No. BLM/CA/PL-2017/001+1610+1675+1793 United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management, California State Office December 2016 C e n t r a l C o a s t F i e l d O f f i c e Bureau of Land Management Bureau of Land Management California State Office Central Coast Field Office 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-1623 (formerly Hollister Field Office) Sacramento, CA 95825 940 2nd Avenue (916) 978-4400 Marina, CA 93933 (831) 582-2200 Index No. BLM/CA/PL-2017/001+1610+1675+1793 Abstract Lead Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Type of Action: Administrative Jurisdiction: San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Cruz, Monterey, San Benito, Santa Clara, Alameda, southern Contra Costa, southwest San Joaquin, western Stanislaus, western Merced, and western Fresno Counties, California Abstract: The Draft Resource Management Plan Amendment (RMPA) and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) describe and analyze alternatives for the planning and management of oil and gas development on public lands and split mineral estate lands administered by the BLM, Central Coast Field Office (CCFO). The Planning Area is located in central California, and comprises approximately 6.8 million acres of land. Within the decision area, the BLM administers approximately 284,000 acres of surface estate and 793,000 acres of Federal mineral estate. Through this RMPA, the BLM is revising the existing Resource Management Plan for the Southern Diablo Mountain Range and Central Coast of California (2007) to analyze the effects of alternative oil and gas management approaches on lands with Federal mineral estate. New cir- cumstances and information regarding oil and gas exploration and development, including unconventional reservoirs and well stimulation techniques, have prompted the BLM to prepare this Draft RMPA. As part of the RMPA, the BLM conducted scoping to solicit input from the public and interested agencies on the nature and extent of issues and impacts to be addressed. To assist the agency decision maker and the public in focusing on appropriate solutions to plan- ning issues, the Draft EIS considers five alternative RMPs. Alternative A is a continuation of current management (No Action Alternative). Under this alternative, the BLM would continue to manage oil and gas development under the existing RMPs. Alternative B would limit the areas open to oil and gas development to lands within oil and gas fields and 0.5-mile buffer areas currently defined by the California Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources. Under Alternative C, areas of high oil and gas potential or within oil and gas fields and 0.5-mile buffer would remain open. Areas of moderate and low potential and core population areas of the kangaroo rat in the vicinity of Panoche, Griswold, Tumey, and Ciervo Hills would be closed. Alternative D would leave open Federal mineral estate underlying BLM sur- face estate and close split estate lands; the Ciervo Panoche Natural Area would also be closed. Under Alternative E, Federal mineral estate outside of California DWR Bulletin 118 groundwater basins and sub-basins would be open; Federal mineral estate within these groundwater basins and sub-basins would be closed. Under all alternatives, areas closed under the 2007 RMP would remain closed (Wilderness, Wilderness Study Areas (WSAs), Clear Creek Serpentine Area of Crit- ical Environmental Concern (ACEC), and Fort Ord National Monument). When completed, the ROD for the RMPA will provide comprehensive long-range decisions for managing oil and gas resources in the CCFO. Comments are accepted for 90 days following the date on which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency publishes the Notice of Availability for this Draft RMPA and EIS in the Federal Register. Comments may be submitted online using the RMPA revision website at: https://www.blm.gov/programs/planning-and-nepa/plans-in- development/california/central-coast-rmp-amendment-for-oil-and-gas or via e-mail to BLM_CA [email protected]. Comments may also be submitted by mail to: BLM, California State Office, Attn: CCFO O&G Leasing EIS, 2800 Cottage Way, Room W-1623, Sacramento, CA 95825. 1 Central Coast Field Office Draft Resource Management Plan Amendment and Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Oil and Gas Leasing and Development Index No. BLM/CA/PL-2017 /001+1610+1675+1793 United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management California State Office Approved: Jer: me E. Perez, State Director December 2016 UnitSetdaD teepsa rtomfte hnIetn terior BUREAOUFL ANMDA NAGEMENT CalifSotrnaOitfaef ice 280C0o ttWaagySe.u iWt J6e 2 3 SacramCeA9n 5t8o2,5 www.bl1.g1o1v/ca Decem2b0e1r6 Inr eprleyfet ro : 1610-5.G.1.4 DeaRre ader: Attafocrhy eodur re vainecdwo mmietsnh te RDersaofutr ce MPalnaAanmg eenmde­nt ment/EDnrvaifrto nImmepnSattcaatlt e(mDerRnaMtfP tN EIfSot)rh B eu reoafLu a nd Manage(mBeLnMCt)e ntCroaaFlsi teO lffidc 1e T.hBeL Mp reptahrdieosdc umienn t accorwdiattnhhcN eea tiEonnvailr onPmoelnAitccoatyf1l 9 6a9sa, m endtehFdee, d eral LanPdo laincMdya nageAmceotnf1 t 9 7a6sa, m endiemdp,l emreengtuilntaght ei ons, BLM'Lsa nUds Pel anHnainndgb (oHo-k1 60a1no-dt1 h)ae,pr p lilcaaawbn pldoe l icy. ThPel anAnriencago nsoifas btos6u .tm8 i llaicoronefl s a nwdh icnchl uiadbeosu t 284,a0c0ro0efE s L M-admipnuibslltaiencrad ensadd b o7u9t3 ,a0c0ro0ef s Federal mineersatmlaa tnea bgyet dhC ee ntCroaaFlsi teO lfdf iTcheCe.e ntCroaaFlsi te ld Offaimdcineis telrasan ndmd in erreaslo urwcietsah nianrt ehaea ntc omptahses es entireor tpyo rtoifto wnescl ovuen tiinne osr th-ccoeansCttaralalil f Wohrenni a. approthvisRe MdP,A w ialmlend t h2e0 0H7o llFiisetOleffdri cMeP Rfor oil and gas leasaindndeg v eloapnmwdei gnlutli thdemea nageomfpe unbtll aincad nsFd e deral minereaslt aadtmei nibsytt heCeern terdaC lo aFsiteO lfdf iicntet hofue t ure. The Draft RMP A/EIS fo Lre aOsiiln ga nadn dG aDsevelopment and supporting information is available on the project web site at: https://www.blm.gov/programs/planning-and-nepa/ plans-in-development/california/central-coast-rmp-amendment-for-oil-and-gas. The BLM encpouubrlaigce st ot hper ovide information and comments pertaining to the analysis presented in the Draft RMPNEIS. We are particularly interested in feedback concerning the adequacy and accuracy of the proposed alternatives, the analysis of their respective management decisions, and any new information that would help the BLM as it develops the plan. In developing the Proposed RMP A/Final EIS, which is the next phase of the planning process, the decision maker may select various management decisions from each of the alternatives analyzed in the Draft RMP A/EIS for the purpose of creating at rmaatneaggye mtehnatt sbest meets the needs of the resources and values in this area under the BLM multipleem buesre oafn dt hseu stained yield mandate. As a m public, your timely comments on the Draft RMP NEIS for Oil and Gas Leasing and Development will help formulate the Proposed RMPA/Final EIS. Comments will be accepted for ninety (90) calendarg ednacyys' sfo llowing the Environmental Protection A (EPA) pubfl iictast iNoont ioce of Availability in the Federal Register. The BLM can best utilize your com­ments and resource information submissions if received within the review period. uCbommimtetnetds emlaeyc tbreo nsically at: BLM CA [email protected]. 1 ThHeo llFiisetOlefdrfi h caets r anstiotan i eolwno ecda itMnia orniC naal,i faonridnns io acw,a ltlheed CentCroaaFlsi teO lfdf ice. Commemnataysl bseso u bmibtymt aetidloB :L MC,a lifoSrtnaOitffiaec eA;t tCnC:F O O&GL easEiInS2g;8 0C0o ttWaagyRe,o oWm- 16S2a3c;r amCeA9n 5t8o2,T5 o. facialniatlaoyt fcse oi msm eanntidsn formsautbimoiwntes t terdo,en ngcloyuy ro atu go e submcoimtm e in nat nes l ectfroorn miact . Yourre v ainecdwo mmeonntt hsce o ntetnhti so fd aorcceur miettniottc hs aeul c coefs s RMPA/EIS, thpilsa nninIgyf o ewuffi ostrhost u.b cmoimtm eonntt hDser aft wer equest thyaotmu a kyeo ucro mmeansst pse caispfi ocs siCbolmem.ew nitblseml o rhee lpi ffu l thienyc lsuudgeg ehsatnegsdeo suc,ro crmee st,h odoaln ordge ifeerste ,onas c eec toiro n pa gneu mbCeorm.m ecnotnst aoinnloiypn igno irpo rne fewrieblnelcc oenss iadnedr ed inclupdaeordftt h adese cisiopnr omcaaeklsitsnh,gto huwegiyhnl olrt e ceafoi rvme a l respfornotsmheB e L M . Befoirnec lyuoduiarndg d ressn,u mpb ehemora an,ide ld roeros tsh p,ee rr siodneanlt ifying informatyiouocrno mimneb neat d,v itsheyadot ue rn tciormem -e nitn cluydoiunrg persiodneanlt iinffyoirn-mg am taibyo e mn a dpeu blaivcaliyal atan btyli em Weh.i le yocua ans uksi ny oucro mmte own ti thyhoouplred r siodneanlt iinffyoirnmfrgoa mt ion pubrleivciw ee cw a,n gnuoatr atnhwtaeetw e i blela b tlode os o. Pubmleiect tiopn rgosv ainod vee rovfit ehdweo cumreenstpt,o oq n ude staintodan kse, pubcloimcm entbsea nwniolu blny lc oecdma eld wieab,s aintdep/,uo brml aiicl aitn gs lea1s 5dt a yisna dvance. Cop io efts hD er aRfMtPA /EhIaSvb ee esne tn oat ff ecFteeddet rrailsb,ta aaltn,led o cal government agencies. Copies of the Draft RMPA/EIS are available for public inspection on the BLM website at https://www.blm.gov/programs/planning-and-nepa/plans-in- development/california/central-coast-rmp-amendment-for-oil-and-gas. Copies are also available for public inspection at the following BLM locations: CentCroaaFlsi teO lfdf ice CalifSotraOntfiefa i ce 9420n Adv en ue 280C0o ttWaagySe,u iWt-e1 6 23 MariCnAa9 ,3 933 -6009 SacramCeA9n 5t8o 2,5 Thaynokfou r y oucro ntiinnuteeidrnt e hDsert a RfMtPA /EfoIrSO ialn Gda s Leasing anDde velopWmeae pnptr.e tchiiena fotrem aantsdiu ogng eysotcuio onntsr tiotb huet e planpnrioncgFe osarsd .d itiinofnoarlom rac tliaorni friecgaatrtidhdoiionnsc g u mo ern t thpel anpnrioncgpe lsesca,os netM aecltiM nodfafia tt(t 9 1967)8 -4 376. Sinc erely, ureoafLu a nMda nage ment ` Central Coast Oil and Gas Facilities Leasing and Development Contents Contents Executive Summary ES-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ES.1 Introduction ES-1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. ES.2 Planning Area Description ES-1 ........................................................................................................................................................... ES.3 Overall Vision ES-2 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ES.4 Purpose and Need for Amending the 2007 Hollister Resource Management Plan ES-2 ........................ ES.5 Public Involvement and Agency Cooperation ES-2 .............................................................................................................. ES.6 Planning Issues ES-3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ES.7 Proposed Resource Management Plan Amendment ES-5 ................................................................................................ ES.8 Affected Environment ES-7 ...................................................................................................................................................................... ES.9 Environmental Consequences ES-8 .................................................................................................................................................... ES.10 Next Steps ES-9 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1. Introduction 1-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.1 Purpose and Need for Amending the 2007 Hollister Resource Management Plan 1-3 ............................ 1.2 Planning Area Description 1-3 ............................................................................................................................................................... 1.2.1 Area Profile of Oil and Gas Development 1-4 ....................................................................................................... 1.2.2 Planning Approach 1-4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 1.2.3 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adaptive Management 1-6 .............................................................................. 1.3 Scoping/Issues 1-6 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.3.1 Issues Addressed 1-7 .................................................................................................................................................................. 1.3.2 Issues Considered but Not Further Analyzed 1-9 ................................................................................................ 1.4 Planning Criteria 1-10 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5 Planning Process 1-11 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5.1 Relationship to BLM Policies, Plans, and Programs 1-11 ............................................................................ 1.5.2 Collaboration with other Agencies and Groups 1-14 ....................................................................................... 1.6 Related Federal, State, and Local Laws and Plans 1-14 ..................................................................................................... 1.7 Overall Vision 1-16 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. Alternatives 2-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.1 Introduction 2-1 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2.2 Alternatives Development 2-2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 2.3 Reasonably Foreseeable Development Scenario 2-2 ............................................................................................................ 2.4 Management Common to All Alternatives 2-3 ......................................................................................................................... 2.4.1 Management Goals and Objectives 2-4 ....................................................................................................................... 2.4.2 Management Actions 2-4 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2.4.3 Best Management Practices 2-5 ......................................................................................................................................... 2.4.4 BLM Final Rule on Hydraulic Fracturing on Federal and Indian Lands 2-5 ................................ 2.5 Overview of the Draft RMPA Alternatives 2-9 ........................................................................................................................ 2.5.1 Allowable Uses 2-9 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2.5.2 Draft RMPA Alternatives 2-11 .......................................................................................................................................... 2.5.3 Management Actions 2-14 ..................................................................................................................................................... 2.6 Alternative A (No Action Alternative) 2-15 ................................................................................................................................ 2.6.1 Description of Alternative A 2-15 ................................................................................................................................... 2.6.2 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative A – Subalternative 1 2-15 ...... 2.6.3 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative A – Subalternative 2 2-16 ...... 2.7 Alternative B 2-16 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.7.1 Description of Alternative B 2-16 .................................................................................................................................... 2.7.2 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative B 2-16 .................................................... 2.8 Alternative C 2-17 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.8.1 Description of Alternative C 2-17 .................................................................................................................................... 2.8.2 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative C 2-18 .................................................... December 2016 i Draft RMPA/EIS Central Coast Oil and Gas Facilities Leasing and Development Contents 2.9 Alternative D 2-18 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.9.1 Description of Alternative D 2-18 ................................................................................................................................... 2.9.2 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative D 2-18 .................................................... 2.10 Alternative E 2-18 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2.10.1 Description of Alternative E 2-18 .................................................................................................................................... 2.10.2 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative E 2-19 ..................................................... 2.11 Comparison of Alternatives 2-19 .......................................................................................................................................................... 2.12 Alternatives Considered but Not Analyzed in Detail 2-20 ............................................................................................... 2.12.1 Close Special Surface Status Split Estate Lands 2-23 ..................................................................................... 2.12.2 No Action Alternative without NSO Stipulations 2-23 .................................................................................. 2.12.3 Ban Well Stimulation Technologies 2-23 .................................................................................................................. 2.12.4 Close All Lands Except Existing Leases 2-23 ....................................................................................................... 2.12.5 Close All Lands to Oil and Gas Leasing 2-24 ........................................................................................................ 3. Affected Environment 3.1-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.1 Introduction 3.1-1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3.1.1 Resources Not Considered 3.1-1 ....................................................................................................................................... 3.2 Energy and Minerals 3.2-1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.2.2 Regulatory Framework 3.2-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.2.3 Regional Setting 3.2-3 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.2.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.2-4 ............................................................................................................................. 3.3 Geology 3.3-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.3.2 Regulatory Framework 3.3-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.3.3 Regional Setting 3.3-5 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.3.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.3-5 ............................................................................................................................. 3.4 Hazardous Materials and Public Safety 3.4-1 ............................................................................................................................. 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.4.2 Regulatory Framework 3.4-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.4.3 Regional Setting 3.4-14 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.4.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.4-18 .......................................................................................................................... 3.5 Air Quality and Atmospheric Conditions 3.5-1 ......................................................................................................................... 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.5.2 Regulatory Framework 3.5-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.5.3 Regional Setting 3.5-7 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.5.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.5-7 ............................................................................................................................. 3.6 Climate Change/Greenhouse Gas Emissions 3.6-1 ................................................................................................................ 3.6.1 Introduction 3.6-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.6.2 Regulatory Framework 3.6-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.6.3 Regional Setting 3.6-7 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.6.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.6-7 ............................................................................................................................. 3.7 Groundwater Resources 3.7-1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 3.7.1 Introduction 3.7-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.7.2 Regulatory Framework 3.7-3 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.7.3 Regional Setting 3.7-11 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.7.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.7-16 .......................................................................................................................... 3.7.5 Recent Well Stimulation Treatment Studies 3.7-31 ........................................................................................... 3.8 Surface Water Resources 3.8-1 ............................................................................................................................................................... 3.8.1 Introduction 3.8-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.8.2 Regulatory Framework 3.8-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.8.3 Regional Setting 3.8-5 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.8.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.8-6 ............................................................................................................................. Draft RMPA/EIS ii December 2016 Central Coast Oil and Gas Facilities Leasing and Development Contents 3.9 Soil Resources 3.9-1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 3.9.1 Introduction 3.9-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.9.2 Regulatory Framework 3.9-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.9.3 Regional Setting 3.9-3 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.9.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.9-4 ............................................................................................................................. 3.10 Biological Resources – Vegetation 3.10-1 ..................................................................................................................................... 3.10.1 Introduction 3.10-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.10.2 Regulatory Framework 3.10-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.10.3 Regional Setting 3.10-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.10.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.10-3 .......................................................................................................................... 3.11 Biological Resources – Wildlife Habitat 3.11-1 ....................................................................................................................... 3.11.1 Introduction 3.11-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.11.2 Regulatory Framework 3.11-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.11.3 Regional Setting 3.11-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.11.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.11-3 .......................................................................................................................... 3.12 Biological Resources – Special Status Species 3.12-1 ......................................................................................................... 3.12.1 Introduction 3.12-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.12.2 Regulatory Framework 3.12-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.12.3 Regional Setting 3.12-4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.12.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.12-5 .......................................................................................................................... 3.13 Visual Resource Management 3.13-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.13.1 Introduction 3.13-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.13.2 Regulatory Framework 3.13-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.13.3 Regional Setting 3.13-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.13.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.13-4 .......................................................................................................................... 3.14 Special Management Areas 3.14-1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 3.14.1 Introduction 3.14-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.14.2 Regulatory Framework 3.14-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.14.3 Regional Setting 3.14-4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.14.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.14-7 .......................................................................................................................... 3.15 Cultural and Heritage Resources 3.15-1 ........................................................................................................................................ 3.15.1 Introduction 3.15-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.15.2 Regulatory Framework 3.15-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.15.3 Regional Setting 3.15-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.15.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.15-6 .......................................................................................................................... 3.16 Paleontological Resources 3.16-1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3.16.1 Introduction 3.16-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.16.2 Regulatory Framework 3.16-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.16.3 Regional Setting 3.16-5 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.16.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.16-6 .......................................................................................................................... 3.17 Social and Economic Conditions 3.17-1 ......................................................................................................................................... 3.17.1 Introduction 3.17-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.17.2 Regulatory Framework 3.17-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.17.3 Regional Setting 3.17-2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.17.4 Current Economic Conditions and Trends 3.17-4 ............................................................................................... 3.18 Transportation and Access 3.18-1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 3.18.1 Introduction 3.18-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.18.2 Regulatory Framework 3.18-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.18.3 Regional Setting 3.18-1 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.18.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.18-2 .......................................................................................................................... December 2016 iii Draft RMPA/EIS Central Coast Oil and Gas Facilities Leasing and Development Contents 3.19 Lands and Realty 3.19-1 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3.19.1 Introduction 3.19-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.19.2 Regulatory Framework 3.19-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.19.3 Regional Setting 3.19-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.19.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.19-3 .......................................................................................................................... 3.19.5 BLM Management Considerations for Lands and Realty 3.19-4 ............................................................ 3.20 Utility Corridors and Communication Sites 3.20-1 ................................................................................................................ 3.20.1 Introduction 3.20-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.20.2 Regulatory Framework 3.20-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.20.3 Regional Setting 3.20-2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.20.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.20-3 .......................................................................................................................... 3.21 Wild and Scenic Rivers 3.21-1 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.21.1 Introduction 3.21-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.21.2 Regulatory Framework 3.21-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.21.3 Regional Setting 3.21-2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.21.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.21-3 .......................................................................................................................... 4. Environmental Consequences 4.1-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 4.1 Introduction 4.1-1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4.1.1 Impact Analysis Methodology 4.1-1 .............................................................................................................................. 4.1.2 Types of Impacts to be Addressed 4.1-1 ..................................................................................................................... 4.1.3 Incomplete or Unavailable Information 4.1-2 ......................................................................................................... 4.1.4 Assumptions 4.1-2 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.2 Energy and Minerals 4.2-1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.2.1 Introduction 4.2-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.2.2 Impacts Common to All Alternatives 4.2-2 .............................................................................................................. 4.2.3 Impacts of Alternative A (No Action) 4.2-2 ............................................................................................................ 4.2.4 Impacts of Alternative B 4.2-3 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.2.5 Impacts of Alternative C 4.2-4 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.2.6 Impacts of Alternative D 4.2-4 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.2.7 Impacts of Alternative E 4.2-4 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.3 Geology 4.3-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4.3.1 Introduction 4.3-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.3.2 Impacts Common to All Alternatives 4.3-1 .............................................................................................................. 4.3.3 Impacts of Alternative A (No Action) 4.3-2 ............................................................................................................ 4.3.4 Impacts of Alternative B 4.3-3 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.3.5 Impacts of Alternative C 4.3-3 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.3.6 Impacts of Alternative D 4.3-4 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.3.7 Impacts of Alternative E 4.3-4 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.4 Hazardous Materials and Public Safety 4.4-1 ............................................................................................................................. 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.4.2 Impacts Common to All Alternatives 4.4-5 .............................................................................................................. 4.4.3 Impacts of Alternative A (No Action) 4.4-19 ......................................................................................................... 4.4.4 Impacts of Alternative B 4.4-22 ......................................................................................................................................... 4.4.5 Impacts of Alternative C 4.4-23 ......................................................................................................................................... 4.4.6 Impacts of Alternative D 4.4-23 ......................................................................................................................................... 4.4.7 Impacts of Alternative E 4.4-24 ......................................................................................................................................... 4.5 Air Quality and Atmospheric Conditions 4.5-1 ......................................................................................................................... 4.5.1 Introduction 4.5-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.5.2 Impacts Common to All Alternatives 4.5-3 .............................................................................................................. 4.5.3 Impacts of Alternative A (No Action) 4.5-6 ............................................................................................................ 4.5.4 Impacts of Alternative B 4.5-9 ............................................................................................................................................ Draft RMPA/EIS iv December 2016

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B L M Central Coast Field Offic e Draft Resource Management Plan Amendment and Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Oil and Gas Leasing and Development Index No. BLM/CA/PL-2017/001+1610+1675+1793 United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management, California State Office December 2016 C e n t r a l C o a s t F i e l d O f f i c e Bureau of Land Management Bureau of Land Management California State Office Central Coast Field Office 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-1623 (formerly Hollister Field Office) Sacramento, CA 95825 940 2nd Avenue (916) 978-4400 Marina, CA 93933 (831) 582-2200 Index No. BLM/CA/PL-2017/001+1610+1675+1793 Abstract Lead Agency: U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Type of Action: Administrative Jurisdiction: San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Cruz, Monterey, San Benito, Santa Clara, Alameda, southern Contra Costa, southwest San Joaquin, western Stanislaus, western Merced, and western Fresno Counties, California Abstract: The Draft Resource Management Plan Amendment (RMPA) and Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) describe and analyze alternatives for the planning and management of oil and gas development on public lands and split mineral estate lands administered by the BLM, Central Coast Field Office (CCFO). The Planning Area is located in central California, and comprises approximately 6.8 million acres of land. Within the decision area, the BLM administers approximately 284,000 acres of surface estate and 793,000 acres of Federal mineral estate. Through this RMPA, the BLM is revising the existing Resource Management Plan for the Southern Diablo Mountain Range and Central Coast of California (2007) to analyze the effects of alternative oil and gas management approaches on lands with Federal mineral estate. New cir- cumstances and information regarding oil and gas exploration and development, including unconventional reservoirs and well stimulation techniques, have prompted the BLM to prepare this Draft RMPA. As part of the RMPA, the BLM conducted scoping to solicit input from the public and interested agencies on the nature and extent of issues and impacts to be addressed. To assist the agency decision maker and the public in focusing on appropriate solutions to plan- ning issues, the Draft EIS considers five alternative RMPs. Alternative A is a continuation of current management (No Action Alternative). Under this alternative, the BLM would continue to manage oil and gas development under the existing RMPs. Alternative B would limit the areas open to oil and gas development to lands within oil and gas fields and 0.5-mile buffer areas currently defined by the California Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources. Under Alternative C, areas of high oil and gas potential or within oil and gas fields and 0.5-mile buffer would remain open. Areas of moderate and low potential and core population areas of the kangaroo rat in the vicinity of Panoche, Griswold, Tumey, and Ciervo Hills would be closed. Alternative D would leave open Federal mineral estate underlying BLM sur- face estate and close split estate lands; the Ciervo Panoche Natural Area would also be closed. Under Alternative E, Federal mineral estate outside of California DWR Bulletin 118 groundwater basins and sub-basins would be open; Federal mineral estate within these groundwater basins and sub-basins would be closed. Under all alternatives, areas closed under the 2007 RMP would remain closed (Wilderness, Wilderness Study Areas (WSAs), Clear Creek Serpentine Area of Crit- ical Environmental Concern (ACEC), and Fort Ord National Monument). When completed, the ROD for the RMPA will provide comprehensive long-range decisions for managing oil and gas resources in the CCFO. Comments are accepted for 90 days following the date on which the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency publishes the Notice of Availability for this Draft RMPA and EIS in the Federal Register. Comments may be submitted online using the RMPA revision website at: https://www.blm.gov/programs/planning-and-nepa/plans-in- development/california/central-coast-rmp-amendment-for-oil-and-gas or via e-mail to BLM_CA [email protected]. Comments may also be submitted by mail to: BLM, California State Office, Attn: CCFO O&G Leasing EIS, 2800 Cottage Way, Room W-1623, Sacramento, CA 95825. 1 Central Coast Field Office Draft Resource Management Plan Amendment and Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Oil and Gas Leasing and Development Index No. BLM/CA/PL-2017 /001+1610+1675+1793 United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management California State Office Approved: Jer: me E. Perez, State Director December 2016 UnitSetdaD teepsa rtomfte hnIetn terior BUREAOUFL ANMDA NAGEMENT CalifSotrnaOitfaef ice 280C0o ttWaagySe.u iWt J6e 2 3 SacramCeA9n 5t8o2,5 www.bl1.g1o1v/ca Decem2b0e1r6 Inr eprleyfet ro : 1610-5.G.1.4 DeaRre ader: Attafocrhy eodur re vainecdwo mmietsnh te RDersaofutr ce MPalnaAanmg eenmde­nt ment/EDnrvaifrto nImmepnSattcaatlt e(mDerRnaMtfP tN EIfSot)rh B eu reoafLu a nd Manage(mBeLnMCt)e ntCroaaFlsi teO lffidc 1e T.hBeL Mp reptahrdieosdc umienn t accorwdiattnhhcN eea tiEonnvailr onPmoelnAitccoatyf1l 9 6a9sa, m endtehFdee, d eral LanPdo laincMdya nageAmceotnf1 t 9 7a6sa, m endiemdp,l emreengtuilntaght ei ons, BLM'Lsa nUds Pel anHnainndgb (oHo-k1 60a1no-dt1 h)ae,pr p lilcaaawbn pldoe l icy. ThPel anAnriencago nsoifas btos6u .tm8 i llaicoronefl s a nwdh icnchl uiadbeosu t 284,a0c0ro0efE s L M-admipnuibslltaiencrad ensadd b o7u9t3 ,a0c0ro0ef s Federal mineersatmlaa tnea bgyet dhC ee ntCroaaFlsi teO lfdf iTcheCe.e ntCroaaFlsi te ld Offaimdcineis telrasan ndmd in erreaslo urwcietsah nianrt ehaea ntc omptahses es entireor tpyo rtoifto wnescl ovuen tiinne osr th-ccoeansCttaralalil f Wohrenni a. approthvisRe MdP,A w ialmlend t h2e0 0H7o llFiisetOleffdri cMeP Rfor oil and gas leasaindndeg v eloapnmwdei gnlutli thdemea nageomfpe unbtll aincad nsFd e deral minereaslt aadtmei nibsytt heCeern terdaC lo aFsiteO lfdf iicntet hofue t ure. The Draft RMP A/EIS fo Lre aOsiiln ga nadn dG aDsevelopment and supporting information is available on the project web site at: https://www.blm.gov/programs/planning-and-nepa/ plans-in-development/california/central-coast-rmp-amendment-for-oil-and-gas. The BLM encpouubrlaigce st ot hper ovide information and comments pertaining to the analysis presented in the Draft RMPNEIS. We are particularly interested in feedback concerning the adequacy and accuracy of the proposed alternatives, the analysis of their respective management decisions, and any new information that would help the BLM as it develops the plan. In developing the Proposed RMP A/Final EIS, which is the next phase of the planning process, the decision maker may select various management decisions from each of the alternatives analyzed in the Draft RMP A/EIS for the purpose of creating at rmaatneaggye mtehnatt sbest meets the needs of the resources and values in this area under the BLM multipleem buesre oafn dt hseu stained yield mandate. As a m public, your timely comments on the Draft RMP NEIS for Oil and Gas Leasing and Development will help formulate the Proposed RMPA/Final EIS. Comments will be accepted for ninety (90) calendarg ednacyys' sfo llowing the Environmental Protection A (EPA) pubfl iictast iNoont ioce of Availability in the Federal Register. The BLM can best utilize your com­ments and resource information submissions if received within the review period. uCbommimtetnetds emlaeyc tbreo nsically at: BLM CA [email protected]. 1 ThHeo llFiisetOlefdrfi h caets r anstiotan i eolwno ecda itMnia orniC naal,i faonridnns io acw,a ltlheed CentCroaaFlsi teO lfdf ice. Commemnataysl bseso u bmibtymt aetidloB :L MC,a lifoSrtnaOitffiaec eA;t tCnC:F O O&GL easEiInS2g;8 0C0o ttWaagyRe,o oWm- 16S2a3c;r amCeA9n 5t8o2,T5 o. facialniatlaoyt fcse oi msm eanntidsn formsautbimoiwntes t terdo,en ngcloyuy ro atu go e submcoimtm e in nat nes l ectfroorn miact . Yourre v ainecdwo mmeonntt hsce o ntetnhti so fd aorcceur miettniottc hs aeul c coefs s RMPA/EIS, thpilsa nninIgyf o ewuffi ostrhost u.b cmoimtm eonntt hDser aft wer equest thyaotmu a kyeo ucro mmeansst pse caispfi ocs siCbolmem.ew nitblseml o rhee lpi ffu l thienyc lsuudgeg ehsatnegsdeo suc,ro crmee st,h odoaln ordge ifeerste ,onas c eec toiro n pa gneu mbCeorm.m ecnotnst aoinnloiypn igno irpo rne fewrieblnelcc oenss iadnedr ed inclupdaeordftt h adese cisiopnr omcaaeklsitsnh,gto huwegiyhnl olrt e ceafoi rvme a l respfornotsmheB e L M . Befoirnec lyuoduiarndg d ressn,u mpb ehemora an,ide ld roeros tsh p,ee rr siodneanlt ifying informatyiouocrno mimneb neat d,v itsheyadot ue rn tciormem -e nitn cluydoiunrg persiodneanlt iinffyoirn-mg am taibyo e mn a dpeu blaivcaliyal atan btyli em Weh.i le yocua ans uksi ny oucro mmte own ti thyhoouplred r siodneanlt iinffyoirnmfrgoa mt ion pubrleivciw ee cw a,n gnuoatr atnhwtaeetw e i blela b tlode os o. Pubmleiect tiopn rgosv ainod vee rovfit ehdweo cumreenstpt,o oq n ude staintodan kse, pubcloimcm entbsea nwniolu blny lc oecdma eld wieab,s aintdep/,uo brml aiicl aitn gs lea1s 5dt a yisna dvance. Cop io efts hD er aRfMtPA /EhIaSvb ee esne tn oat ff ecFteeddet rrailsb,ta aaltn,led o cal government agencies. Copies of the Draft RMPA/EIS are available for public inspection on the BLM website at https://www.blm.gov/programs/planning-and-nepa/plans-in- development/california/central-coast-rmp-amendment-for-oil-and-gas. Copies are also available for public inspection at the following BLM locations: CentCroaaFlsi teO lfdf ice CalifSotraOntfiefa i ce 9420n Adv en ue 280C0o ttWaagySe,u iWt-e1 6 23 MariCnAa9 ,3 933 -6009 SacramCeA9n 5t8o 2,5 Thaynokfou r y oucro ntiinnuteeidrnt e hDsert a RfMtPA /EfoIrSO ialn Gda s Leasing anDde velopWmeae pnptr.e tchiiena fotrem aantsdiu ogng eysotcuio onntsr tiotb huet e planpnrioncgFe osarsd .d itiinofnoarlom rac tliaorni friecgaatrtidhdoiionnsc g u mo ern t thpel anpnrioncgpe lsesca,os netM aecltiM nodfafia tt(t 9 1967)8 -4 376. Sinc erely, ureoafLu a nMda nage ment ` Central Coast Oil and Gas Facilities Leasing and Development Contents Contents Executive Summary ES-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................... ES.1 Introduction ES-1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. ES.2 Planning Area Description ES-1 ........................................................................................................................................................... ES.3 Overall Vision ES-2 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ ES.4 Purpose and Need for Amending the 2007 Hollister Resource Management Plan ES-2 ........................ ES.5 Public Involvement and Agency Cooperation ES-2 .............................................................................................................. ES.6 Planning Issues ES-3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ES.7 Proposed Resource Management Plan Amendment ES-5 ................................................................................................ ES.8 Affected Environment ES-7 ...................................................................................................................................................................... ES.9 Environmental Consequences ES-8 .................................................................................................................................................... ES.10 Next Steps ES-9 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1. Introduction 1-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.1 Purpose and Need for Amending the 2007 Hollister Resource Management Plan 1-3 ............................ 1.2 Planning Area Description 1-3 ............................................................................................................................................................... 1.2.1 Area Profile of Oil and Gas Development 1-4 ....................................................................................................... 1.2.2 Planning Approach 1-4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 1.2.3 Monitoring, Evaluation, and Adaptive Management 1-6 .............................................................................. 1.3 Scoping/Issues 1-6 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 1.3.1 Issues Addressed 1-7 .................................................................................................................................................................. 1.3.2 Issues Considered but Not Further Analyzed 1-9 ................................................................................................ 1.4 Planning Criteria 1-10 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5 Planning Process 1-11 .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1.5.1 Relationship to BLM Policies, Plans, and Programs 1-11 ............................................................................ 1.5.2 Collaboration with other Agencies and Groups 1-14 ....................................................................................... 1.6 Related Federal, State, and Local Laws and Plans 1-14 ..................................................................................................... 1.7 Overall Vision 1-16 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. Alternatives 2-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2.1 Introduction 2-1 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2.2 Alternatives Development 2-2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 2.3 Reasonably Foreseeable Development Scenario 2-2 ............................................................................................................ 2.4 Management Common to All Alternatives 2-3 ......................................................................................................................... 2.4.1 Management Goals and Objectives 2-4 ....................................................................................................................... 2.4.2 Management Actions 2-4 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2.4.3 Best Management Practices 2-5 ......................................................................................................................................... 2.4.4 BLM Final Rule on Hydraulic Fracturing on Federal and Indian Lands 2-5 ................................ 2.5 Overview of the Draft RMPA Alternatives 2-9 ........................................................................................................................ 2.5.1 Allowable Uses 2-9 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2.5.2 Draft RMPA Alternatives 2-11 .......................................................................................................................................... 2.5.3 Management Actions 2-14 ..................................................................................................................................................... 2.6 Alternative A (No Action Alternative) 2-15 ................................................................................................................................ 2.6.1 Description of Alternative A 2-15 ................................................................................................................................... 2.6.2 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative A – Subalternative 1 2-15 ...... 2.6.3 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative A – Subalternative 2 2-16 ...... 2.7 Alternative B 2-16 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.7.1 Description of Alternative B 2-16 .................................................................................................................................... 2.7.2 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative B 2-16 .................................................... 2.8 Alternative C 2-17 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.8.1 Description of Alternative C 2-17 .................................................................................................................................... 2.8.2 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative C 2-18 .................................................... December 2016 i Draft RMPA/EIS Central Coast Oil and Gas Facilities Leasing and Development Contents 2.9 Alternative D 2-18 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 2.9.1 Description of Alternative D 2-18 ................................................................................................................................... 2.9.2 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative D 2-18 .................................................... 2.10 Alternative E 2-18 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2.10.1 Description of Alternative E 2-18 .................................................................................................................................... 2.10.2 Leases Subject to Settlement Agreement under Alternative E 2-19 ..................................................... 2.11 Comparison of Alternatives 2-19 .......................................................................................................................................................... 2.12 Alternatives Considered but Not Analyzed in Detail 2-20 ............................................................................................... 2.12.1 Close Special Surface Status Split Estate Lands 2-23 ..................................................................................... 2.12.2 No Action Alternative without NSO Stipulations 2-23 .................................................................................. 2.12.3 Ban Well Stimulation Technologies 2-23 .................................................................................................................. 2.12.4 Close All Lands Except Existing Leases 2-23 ....................................................................................................... 2.12.5 Close All Lands to Oil and Gas Leasing 2-24 ........................................................................................................ 3. Affected Environment 3.1-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.1 Introduction 3.1-1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3.1.1 Resources Not Considered 3.1-1 ....................................................................................................................................... 3.2 Energy and Minerals 3.2-1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.2.1 Introduction 3.2-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.2.2 Regulatory Framework 3.2-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.2.3 Regional Setting 3.2-3 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.2.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.2-4 ............................................................................................................................. 3.3 Geology 3.3-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3.3.1 Introduction 3.3-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.3.2 Regulatory Framework 3.3-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.3.3 Regional Setting 3.3-5 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.3.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.3-5 ............................................................................................................................. 3.4 Hazardous Materials and Public Safety 3.4-1 ............................................................................................................................. 3.4.1 Introduction 3.4-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.4.2 Regulatory Framework 3.4-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.4.3 Regional Setting 3.4-14 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.4.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.4-18 .......................................................................................................................... 3.5 Air Quality and Atmospheric Conditions 3.5-1 ......................................................................................................................... 3.5.1 Introduction 3.5-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.5.2 Regulatory Framework 3.5-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.5.3 Regional Setting 3.5-7 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.5.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.5-7 ............................................................................................................................. 3.6 Climate Change/Greenhouse Gas Emissions 3.6-1 ................................................................................................................ 3.6.1 Introduction 3.6-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.6.2 Regulatory Framework 3.6-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.6.3 Regional Setting 3.6-7 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.6.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.6-7 ............................................................................................................................. 3.7 Groundwater Resources 3.7-1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 3.7.1 Introduction 3.7-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.7.2 Regulatory Framework 3.7-3 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.7.3 Regional Setting 3.7-11 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.7.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.7-16 .......................................................................................................................... 3.7.5 Recent Well Stimulation Treatment Studies 3.7-31 ........................................................................................... 3.8 Surface Water Resources 3.8-1 ............................................................................................................................................................... 3.8.1 Introduction 3.8-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.8.2 Regulatory Framework 3.8-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.8.3 Regional Setting 3.8-5 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.8.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.8-6 ............................................................................................................................. Draft RMPA/EIS ii December 2016 Central Coast Oil and Gas Facilities Leasing and Development Contents 3.9 Soil Resources 3.9-1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 3.9.1 Introduction 3.9-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 3.9.2 Regulatory Framework 3.9-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.9.3 Regional Setting 3.9-3 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.9.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.9-4 ............................................................................................................................. 3.10 Biological Resources – Vegetation 3.10-1 ..................................................................................................................................... 3.10.1 Introduction 3.10-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.10.2 Regulatory Framework 3.10-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.10.3 Regional Setting 3.10-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.10.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.10-3 .......................................................................................................................... 3.11 Biological Resources – Wildlife Habitat 3.11-1 ....................................................................................................................... 3.11.1 Introduction 3.11-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.11.2 Regulatory Framework 3.11-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.11.3 Regional Setting 3.11-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.11.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.11-3 .......................................................................................................................... 3.12 Biological Resources – Special Status Species 3.12-1 ......................................................................................................... 3.12.1 Introduction 3.12-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.12.2 Regulatory Framework 3.12-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.12.3 Regional Setting 3.12-4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.12.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.12-5 .......................................................................................................................... 3.13 Visual Resource Management 3.13-1 ................................................................................................................................................ 3.13.1 Introduction 3.13-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.13.2 Regulatory Framework 3.13-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.13.3 Regional Setting 3.13-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.13.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.13-4 .......................................................................................................................... 3.14 Special Management Areas 3.14-1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 3.14.1 Introduction 3.14-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.14.2 Regulatory Framework 3.14-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.14.3 Regional Setting 3.14-4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.14.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.14-7 .......................................................................................................................... 3.15 Cultural and Heritage Resources 3.15-1 ........................................................................................................................................ 3.15.1 Introduction 3.15-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.15.2 Regulatory Framework 3.15-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.15.3 Regional Setting 3.15-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.15.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.15-6 .......................................................................................................................... 3.16 Paleontological Resources 3.16-1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3.16.1 Introduction 3.16-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.16.2 Regulatory Framework 3.16-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.16.3 Regional Setting 3.16-5 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.16.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.16-6 .......................................................................................................................... 3.17 Social and Economic Conditions 3.17-1 ......................................................................................................................................... 3.17.1 Introduction 3.17-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.17.2 Regulatory Framework 3.17-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.17.3 Regional Setting 3.17-2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.17.4 Current Economic Conditions and Trends 3.17-4 ............................................................................................... 3.18 Transportation and Access 3.18-1 ........................................................................................................................................................ 3.18.1 Introduction 3.18-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.18.2 Regulatory Framework 3.18-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.18.3 Regional Setting 3.18-1 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.18.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.18-2 .......................................................................................................................... December 2016 iii Draft RMPA/EIS Central Coast Oil and Gas Facilities Leasing and Development Contents 3.19 Lands and Realty 3.19-1 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 3.19.1 Introduction 3.19-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.19.2 Regulatory Framework 3.19-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.19.3 Regional Setting 3.19-3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.19.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.19-3 .......................................................................................................................... 3.19.5 BLM Management Considerations for Lands and Realty 3.19-4 ............................................................ 3.20 Utility Corridors and Communication Sites 3.20-1 ................................................................................................................ 3.20.1 Introduction 3.20-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.20.2 Regulatory Framework 3.20-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.20.3 Regional Setting 3.20-2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.20.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.20-3 .......................................................................................................................... 3.21 Wild and Scenic Rivers 3.21-1 ................................................................................................................................................................ 3.21.1 Introduction 3.21-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................... 3.21.2 Regulatory Framework 3.21-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 3.21.3 Regional Setting 3.21-2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 3.21.4 Current Conditions and Trends 3.21-3 .......................................................................................................................... 4. Environmental Consequences 4.1-1 ............................................................................................................................................. 4.1 Introduction 4.1-1 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4.1.1 Impact Analysis Methodology 4.1-1 .............................................................................................................................. 4.1.2 Types of Impacts to be Addressed 4.1-1 ..................................................................................................................... 4.1.3 Incomplete or Unavailable Information 4.1-2 ......................................................................................................... 4.1.4 Assumptions 4.1-2 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.2 Energy and Minerals 4.2-1 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.2.1 Introduction 4.2-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.2.2 Impacts Common to All Alternatives 4.2-2 .............................................................................................................. 4.2.3 Impacts of Alternative A (No Action) 4.2-2 ............................................................................................................ 4.2.4 Impacts of Alternative B 4.2-3 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.2.5 Impacts of Alternative C 4.2-4 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.2.6 Impacts of Alternative D 4.2-4 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.2.7 Impacts of Alternative E 4.2-4 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.3 Geology 4.3-1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4.3.1 Introduction 4.3-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.3.2 Impacts Common to All Alternatives 4.3-1 .............................................................................................................. 4.3.3 Impacts of Alternative A (No Action) 4.3-2 ............................................................................................................ 4.3.4 Impacts of Alternative B 4.3-3 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.3.5 Impacts of Alternative C 4.3-3 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.3.6 Impacts of Alternative D 4.3-4 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.3.7 Impacts of Alternative E 4.3-4 ............................................................................................................................................ 4.4 Hazardous Materials and Public Safety 4.4-1 ............................................................................................................................. 4.4.1 Introduction 4.4-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.4.2 Impacts Common to All Alternatives 4.4-5 .............................................................................................................. 4.4.3 Impacts of Alternative A (No Action) 4.4-19 ......................................................................................................... 4.4.4 Impacts of Alternative B 4.4-22 ......................................................................................................................................... 4.4.5 Impacts of Alternative C 4.4-23 ......................................................................................................................................... 4.4.6 Impacts of Alternative D 4.4-23 ......................................................................................................................................... 4.4.7 Impacts of Alternative E 4.4-24 ......................................................................................................................................... 4.5 Air Quality and Atmospheric Conditions 4.5-1 ......................................................................................................................... 4.5.1 Introduction 4.5-1 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 4.5.2 Impacts Common to All Alternatives 4.5-3 .............................................................................................................. 4.5.3 Impacts of Alternative A (No Action) 4.5-6 ............................................................................................................ 4.5.4 Impacts of Alternative B 4.5-9 ............................................................................................................................................ Draft RMPA/EIS iv December 2016

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