Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) PDF
Preview Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X)
Wireless Networks Shanzhi Chen · Jinling Hu · Li Zhao · Rui Zhao · Jiayi Fang · Yan Shi · Hui Xu Cellular Vehicle-to- Everything (C-V2X) Wireless Networks SeriesEditor XueminShermanShen,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,ON,Canada ThepurposeofSpringer’sWirelessNetworksbookseriesistoestablishthestateof the art and set the course for future research and development in wireless commu- nicationnetworks.Thescopeofthisseriesincludesnotonlyallaspectsofwireless networks (including cellular networks, WiFi, sensor networks, and vehicular net- works),butrelatedareassuchascloudcomputingandbigdata.Theseriesservesasa centralsourceofreferencesforwirelessnetworksresearchanddevelopment.Itaims topublishthoroughandcohesiveoverviewsonspecifictopicsinwirelessnetworks, aswellasworksthatarelargerinscope thansurvey articles andthatcontainmore detailedbackgroundinformation.Theseriesalsoprovidescoverageofadvancedand timely topics worthy of monographs, contributed volumes, textbooks and handbooks. (cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) (cid:129) Shanzhi Chen Jinling Hu Li Zhao Rui Zhao (cid:129) (cid:129) Jiayi Fang Yan Shi Hui Xu Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) ShanzhiChen JinlingHu ChinaAcademy GohighDataNetworks ofTelecommunicationsTechn TechnologyCompany Beijing,China Beijing,China LiZhao RuiZhao GohighDataNetworks GohighDataNetworks TechnologyCompany TechnologyCompany Beijing,China Beijing,China JiayiFang YanShi GohighDataNetworks BeijingUniversityofPosts TechnologyCompany andTelecomm Beijing,China Beijing,China HuiXu DatangMobileCommunication EquipmentCo Beijing,China ISSN2366-1186 ISSN2366-1445 (electronic) WirelessNetworks ISBN978-981-19-5129-9 ISBN978-981-19-5130-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5130-5 JointlypublishedwithPosts&TelecomPress TheprinteditionisnotforsaleinChina(Mainland).CustomersfromChina(Mainland)pleaseorderthe printbookfrom:Posts&TelecomPress ©Posts&TelecomPress2023 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsofreprinting,reuseofillustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublishers,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with regardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore To our parents and families with loves and gratitude. —Shanzhi Chen Jinling Hu Li Zhao Rui Zhao Jiayi Fang Yan Shi Hui Xu Foreword Nowadays, global technological revolution and industrial transformation of a new roundarebeingpromoted.5G,V2X(Vehicle-to-Everything),artificialintelligence, bigdata,blockchain,andothernewgenerationICTtechnologieshavebeenplaying avitalroleinacceleratingtheintegrationofsocialandeconomicdevelopmentand changinghumanlife.Basedonthesetechnologiesandtheirconvergedapplications, various industries have rapidly embraced new opportunities of changing and upgrading. As one of the important applications in vertical industries of 5G, V2X technol- ogiesandapplicationsrequirecollaborativeinnovationsofinformationandcommu- nication industry in line with automobile and transportation industries. They will becomeanimportantdrivingforceforindustrialinnovationsandchangesofsocial operationmodes.V2Xcommunication,artificialintelligence,andbigdatatechnol- ogies are utilized to promote the digitization, networking, intellectualization, and automatization ofvehiclesandroadinfrastructures.Theinnovatedautomated driv- ing and intelligent transportation applications will be supported unprecedently. Therefore, V2X has become a global innovation hot-spot and an important com- mandingheightofindustrialdevelopment. The automated driving and intelligent transportation applications present strin- gentperformancerequirementsindatarate,delay-constraint,andreliabilityforV2X communications. However, V2X communications demonstrate special characteris- tics in communication scenario, high-density and high-frequentness simultaneous communication, high mobility, and wireless propagation environment. Therefore, V2Xcommunicationsarefacedupwithsignificantchallenges. CATT (China Academy of Telecommunications Technology)/Datang has made outstanding contributions to the international standardization of mobile communi- cationtechnologies,actingastheoriginatorof3GTD-SCDMAstandards,thecore technologyproponentof4GTD-LTEstandards,andanimportantcontributorof5G coretechnologiesandstandards.Themajoritypartofthemonographauthorteamis fromCATT/Datang.Inordertomeetthespecificrequirementsoncommunications ofautomateddrivingandintelligenttransportationapplications,thefirstauthortook vii viii Foreword the lead in proposing LTE-V at the event of World Telecommunication Day (May 17) in 2013. LTE-V (i.e., LTE-V2X), as the first C-V2X wireless communication technology in the world, integrates cellular communication mode and short-range direct communication mode, and establishes the basic system architecture and technical principle of C-V2X. The author team has devoted into the technical innovations continuously, promoted the international standardization of C-V2X in 3GPP jointly with industry partners worldwide. The author team has pushed the industrialpracticeandapplicationsgoingforward.InthefieldofV2Xtechnologies and applications, the team becomes one of the most influential teams in both the academicandindustrialcircles. Thismonograph focusesonC-V2Xtechnologiesand applications,coveringthe requirements analysis, technologies investigations, industrial practices, and future visions.Ibelievethatthepublicationofthismonographwillplayanimportantrole in accelerating the evolution of C-V2X technology and its cross-industry applica- tions, and in promoting technical innovations and industrial reform in the fields of automateddriving,intelligenttransportation,smartcity,andsoon. TheSecretary-Generalofthe HoulinZhao InternationalTelecommunicationUnion (ITU),Geneva,Switzerland Preface The emerging V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) technology and its applications cover collaborativeinnovationofICT,automobile,andtransportationindustriestotrigger cross-industry transformation. The V2X wireless communication technology is brandnewtoprovideinteractingcapabilitybetweenvehiclesandtheirsurrounding vehicles,pedestrians,roadinfrastructuresaswellascloudcomputingplatformsfor cooperativeperception,cooperativedecision-making,cooperativecontrol,andinfo- tainment. The V2X communication is expected to address diverse requirements includinglow latency, highreliability, high data rate, and highmobility ofvarious V2Xapplications. In2010,IEEE(InstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers)releasedDSRC (IEEE802.11p)standards.AlthoughIEEE802.11pspecifiedthephysicalandmedia access control layers standards for vehicular communications, it presented disad- vantagesinlatencyandreliabilityperformance degradationincaseofhigh-density vehicles,poorcoverageandconnectivity,highdeploymentcost,etc.Assoonasthe 4G TD-LTE standards were issued, the authors and the research team of China Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT)/Datang conceived a novel technical path, that is, to propose the V2X communication technology based on cellular communication and being compatible with the access layer of cellular system as much as possible for the purpose of leveraging cellular communication technologies,networkinfrastructures,andtheeconomiesofscaleofmobilephones. Undoubtedly, technical innovations should tackle challenges of low-latency and high-reliabilitycommunicationcapability. C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything) was conceived consequently. In the keynote speech at the event of the World Telecommunication Day (May 17) in 2013,thefirstauthorofthemonographproposedLTE-V(i.e.,LTE-V2X),thefirst dedicated V2X wireless communication technology integrating cellular communi- cation mode and short-range direct communication mode. As the original version, LTE-V2Xhasbasically establishedthesystem architecture andkeytechnicalprin- ciplesofC-V2X.Alongwiththeevolutionofcellularsystemfrom4Gto5G,C-V2X hasformedtwotechnicalstages:LTE-V2XandNR-V2X. ix x Preface Globally, the standardization of LTE-V2X has been accomplished by 3GPP. With automobile and ICT industry involved, extensive testing and field trial activ- ities have been carried out in real road environments. As for spectrum allocation, both China and the United States have allocated dedicated frequency bands in 5.9GHzforC-V2X.Spectrumisascarceresourceregulatedbygovernmentpolicy. Obviously, C-V2X has been recognized by both China and the United States, the two largest countries regarding automobiles and transportations. The concept of C-V2X based connected vehicles has been widely recognized by the automobile industry. Both SAE in the United States and C-SAE in China have formulated the standards of C-V2X deployment profiles and applications. More than ten auto companies, such as Audi, BMW, Ford Motor, General Motors (GM), Guangzhou Automobile (GAC), China First Automobile Works (FAW), and the like, have announcedtoofferC-V2Xfunctioninvehicles. Inshort,recentextensivetesting,trial,andcommercialprojectshaveshownthat C-V2X featuring superior performances has been strongly backed by a diverse ecosystemthanalternativetechnologies. Thismonographconsistsof10chaptersasthesummary achievementsfromthe authors team in theoretical research, technical innovations, and standardization of C-V2Xinrecent10years.Themaincontentofeachchapterisdepictedasfollows. Chapter1brieflysurveysthebackgroundofV2X,theglobaldevelopmenttrend in policies and standardization as well as the current development outcomes in China. Chapter 2 analyzes the types of communications and performance requirements ofbasicapplicationsandadvancedapplications,andthestandardizationprogresses ofV2Xapplications. Chapter 3 presents the V2X system architecture and the system of technical standards, especially the introduction and comparison of two major V2X commu- nicationstandards,IEEE802.11pandC-V2X. Chapter4focusesonLTE-V2X,thefirsttechnicalstageofC-V2X.Insightsofthe technical principles are presented. LTE-V2X key technologies are detailed in this chapter, including radio interface protocol stack, physical layer structure, resource allocation,synchronizationmechanism,andcongestioncontrol. Chapter 5focusesonNR-V2X,thesecond technical stage ofC-V2X.Basedon analysis of advanced application requirements, this chapter introduces NR-V2X networkarchitecture,keysidelinktechnologies,aswellasthein-devicecoexistence ofNR-V2XandLTE-V2X. Chapter 6 involves related key technologies required by C-V2X applications, includingMobileEdgeComputing(MEC),5Gnetworkslicing,highdefinitionmap (HDM)andhighaccuracypositioning. Chapter 7 begins with the analysis of security challenges of C-V2X, which is followed by the C-V2X security architecture, and C-V2X security technologies at thecommunicationlayerandtheapplicationlayer. Chapter8focusesonspectrumplanningforC-V2X,includingC-V2Xspectrum requirements, the C-V2X spectrum allocation in different countries, and the pros- pectsofNR-V2Xspectrum.
The list of books you might like
