Cellular and Mobile Communications

374 Pages·2016·10.93 MB·English

Cellular and Mobile

Communications

Course and Subject File

Contents:

1. Cover Page
2. Syllabus copy
3. Vision of the Department
4. Mission of the Department
5. PEOs and POs
6. Course objectives and outcomes
7. Brief notes on the importance of the course and how it fits into the

curriculum

8. prerequisites
9. Instructional Learning Outcomes
10. Course mapping with PEOs and POs
11. Class Time Table
12. Individual Time Table
13. Micro Plan with dates and closure report
14. Detailed notes
15. Additional topics
16. University Question papers of previous years
17. Question Bank
18. Assignment topics
19. Unit wise Quiz Questions
20. Tutorial problems
21. Known gaps ,if any
22. Discussion topics
23. References, Journals, websites and E-links
24. Quality Control Sheets
25. Student List
26. Group-Wise students list for discussion topics

GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF Electronics and Communication Engineering

(Name of the Subject) : CELLULAR AND MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

Programme : UG

Branch: ECE Version No : 02

Year: IV Updated on :03/12/2015

Semester: II No.of pages :250

Classification status (Unrestricted / Restricted )

Distribution List :

Prepared by : 1) Name : B.SUNEETHA

2) Sign :

3) Design : Assistant Professor

4) Date : 03/12/2015

Verified by : 1) Name :

2) Sign :

3) Design :

4) Date :

* For Q.C Only.

1) Name :

2) Sign :

3) Design :

4) Date :

Approved by : (HOD ) 1) Name :

2) Sign :

3) Date :

Vision of the department

To impart quality technical education in Electronics and Communication

Engineering emphasizing analysis, design/synthesis and evaluation of

hardware/embedded software using various Electronic Design Automation

(EDA) tools with accent on creativity, innovation and research thereby producing

competent engineers who can meet global challenges with societal commitment.

Mission of the Department

i.) To impart quality education in fundamentals of basic sciences, mathematics,

electronics and communication engineering through innovative teaching-
learning processes.

ii.) To facilitate Graduates define, design, and solve engineering problems in the

field of Electronics and Communication Engineering using various
Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools.

iii.) To encourage research culture among faculty and students thereby

facilitating them to be creative and innovative through constant interaction
with R & D organizations and Industry.

iv.) To inculcate teamwork, imbibe leadership qualities, professional ethics and
social responsibilities in students and faculty.

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs):

The Educational Objectives of the Electronics and Communication
Engineering Program at Geethanjali College of Engineering and Technology
are as follows:

1. To prepare students with excellent comprehension of basic sciences,

mathematics and engineering subjects facilitating them to gain

employment or pursue postgraduate studies with an appreciation for

lifelong learning.

2. To train students with problem solving capabilities such as analysis and

design with adequate practical skills wherein they demonstrate creativity

and innovation that would enable them to develop state of the art

equipment and technologies of multidisciplinary nature for societal

development.

3. To
inculcate
positive
attitude,
professional
ethics,
effective

communication and interpersonal skills which would facilitate them to

succeed in the chosen profession exhibiting creativity and innovation

through research and development both as team member and as well as

leader.

Programme Outcomes of ECE Programme:

1. An ability to apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering

to
solve
complex
engineering
problems
of
Electronics
and

Communication Engineering systems.

2. An ability to model, simulate and design Electronics and Communication

Engineering systems, conduct experiments, as well as analyze and

interpret data and prepare a report with conclusions.

3. An ability to design an Electronics and Communication Engineering

system, component, or process to meet desired needs within the realistic

constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical,

health and safety, manufacturability and sustainability.

4. An ability to function on multidisciplinary teams involving interpersonal

skills.

5. An ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems of

multidisciplinary nature.

6. An understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities involved in

the practice of Electronics and Communication Engineering profession.

7. An ability to communicate effectively with a range of audience on

complex engineering problems of multidisciplinary nature both in oral

and written form.

8. The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering

solutions in a global, economic, environmental and societal context.

9. A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long

learning and acquire the capability for the same.

10. A knowledge of contemporary issues involved in the practice of

Electronics and Communication Engineering profession

11. An ability to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools

necessary for engineering practice.

12. An ability to use modern Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools,

software and electronic equipment to analyze, synthesize and evaluate

Electronics
and
Communication
Engineering
systems
for

multidisciplinary tasks.

13. Apply engineering and project management principles to one's own work

and also to manage projects of multidisciplinary nature.

Course objectives:
1. To have an overview of wireless and mobile communications in different generations.
2. To study the operation of basic cellular system and performance criterion, handoff

mechanism.

3. To study the design of cellular mobile system.
4. To develop the ability to search, select, organize and present information on new

technologies in mobile and cellular communications.

Course Outcomes:

1. Students are capable to analyze and solve problems in the field of telecommunications.
2. Students will have the understanding of different generations, operations and design of
wireless and mobile communications.

Brief notes on the importance of the course and how it fits into the curriculum

Wireless communications has become essential part in our day to day life.
During recent years there has been significant improvement in the field of
wireless communication technology and has rapidly evolved from first
generation (1G) to fourth generation (4G). The rapid growth of cellular phones,
which principle carry voice are now being widely used for communicating data
and images. The communication aspects of this subject depends on the
fundamentals of communication engineering. To understand this technology, it is
important to know in detail, a number of concepts associated with cellular
mobile communication. This course is mainly aimed toward senior year students
of the ECE discipline, and in particular, for the final year BTech, and first year
M.Tech. However, this does not necessarily imply that any other discipline
students can not study this course. Rather, they also should delve deeper into this
course since mobile communication is a familiar term to everyone nowadays.

Prerequisites: Modulation techniques, Multiple accessing techniques, and
Probability.

Instructional Learning Outcomes

Unit Wise Learning Outcomes:

UNIT I

CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS :

Students can be able to:


Identify the difference between Mobile and Cellular communication.


Measure the performance of a cellular system.


Understand, why to use Hexagonal shaped cells.


Differentiate between Analog and Digital Cellular systems.

UNIT II

FUNDAMENTALS OF CELLULAR RADIO SYSTEM DESIGN:

Students can be able to:


Understand the concept of frequency channels.


Estimate the Co-Channel Interference Reduction Factor and C/I.


Understand the concept of omni directional Antenna system.


Understand the concept of Cell splitting.

UNIT III

CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE :

Students can be able to:


Understand the concept of Co-Channel Interference.


Understand the concept of real time Co-Channel interference.


Understand the concept of Co-Channel measurement.


Can design an Antenna system.


Understand the concept of Antenna parameters and their effects.


Understand the concept of
Diversity
receiver, non-co-channel interference-

different types.

UNIT IV

NON CO- CHANNEL INERFERENCE :

Students can be able to:


Study about adjacent channel interference, near and far end interference .


Understand the effects of cell site components.


Understand the concept of UHF interference.

UNIT V

CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND TRAFFIC :

Students can be able to:


Know the concept of signal reflects in flat and hilly terrain.


Understand the concept of phase difference between direct and reflected paths.


Understand the concept of general formula for mobile propagation over water and
flat open area.

UNIT VI

CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS:

Students can be able to:


Understand the concept of sum and difference patterns and their synthesis.


Understand the concept of interference reduction.

UNIT VII

FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT AND CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT:

Students can be able to:


Understand the concept of numbering and grouping, setup access and paging
channels.


Understand the concepts of channel assignments to cell sites and mobile units.


Understand the concepts of channel sharing and borrowing , sectorization

UNIT VIII

HANDOFFS AND DROPPED CALLS:

Students can be able to:


Understand what is Handoff.


Understand the concepts of dropped calls and cell splitting, types of handoff.


Understand the concepts of handoff invitation, delaying handoff, forced handoff,
mobile assigned handoff.


Understand the concepts of Intersystem handoff, cell splitting, micro cells, vehicle
locating methods, dropped call rates and their evaluation.

Course mapping with PEOs and Pos

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES:

1. An ability to apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science, and Engineering

to
solve
complex
engineering
problems
of
Electronics
and

Communication Engineering systems.

2. An ability to model, simulate and design Electronics and Communication

Engineering systems, conduct experiments, as well as analyze and

interpret data and prepare a report with conclusions.

3. An ability to design an Electronics and Communication Engineering

system, component, or process to meet desired needs within the realistic

constraints such as economic, environmental, social, political, ethical,

health and safety, manufacturability and sustainability.

4. An ability to function on multidisciplinary teams involving interpersonal

skills.

5. An ability to identify, formulate and solve engineering problems of

multidisciplinary nature.

6. An understanding of professional and ethical responsibilities involved in

the practice of Electronics and Communication Engineering profession.

7. An ability to communicate effectively with a range of audience on

complex engineering problems of multidisciplinary nature both in oral

and written form.

8. The broad education necessary to understand the impact of engineering

solutions in a global, economic, environmental and societal context.

9. A recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long

learning and acquire the capability for the same.

10. A knowledge of contemporary issues involved in the practice of

Electronics and Communication Engineering profession

11. An ability to use the techniques, skills and modern engineering tools

necessary for engineering practice.

12. An ability to use modern Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools,

software and electronic equipment to analyze, synthesize and evaluate

Electronics
and
Communication
Engineering
systems
for

multidisciplinary tasks.

13. Apply engineering and project management principles to one's own work

and also to manage projects of multidisciplinary nature.

Mapping of Course with Programme Educational Objectives: (Sample)

S.No
Course
component

code
course
Semester
PEO 1
PEO 2
PEO 3

1
CMC
CMC
1
√
√

Mapping of Course outcomes with Programme outcomes:

*When the course outcome weightage is < 40%, it will be given as moderately
correlated (1).
*When the course outcome weightage is >40%, it will be given as strongly
correlated
(2).

POs
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

CMC

CMC
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

CMC1.

Understand
Mobile and
Cellular
Communic
ation.

1
2
2

CMC2.

Understand
Cellular
Dialing.

1
2
2
2
2
2

CMC3.Understand

Different
Communic
ation
networks.

1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

I/C

Dr. V. Satya Srinivas

Class Time Table

Individual Time Table

Micro Plan with dates and closure report:

Sl.
No.

Unit No.
Total
no.
of
Peri
ods

Date
Topic to be covered
Reg/
Additional
Topics

Teaching
aids used
LCD/OHP
/BB

Remarks

1.
UNIT

I

7

CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO SYSTEMS:

2
Introduction to Cellular Mobile system,
Regular
PPT/BB

3
Performance criteria,
Regular
PPT/BB

4
uniqueness of mobile radio Environment,
Regular
PPT/BB

5
operation of cellular systems, Hexagonal
Shaped cells,

Regular
PPT/BB

6
Analog and Digital cellular systems.
Regular
PPT/BB

7
Tutorial class
BB

8
Trend of mobile Wireless
Additional
PPT/BB

9.
UNIT

II

9

ELEMENTS OF CELLULAR RADIO
SYSTEM DESIGN:

10
General description of the problem ,
Regular
PPT/BB

11
Frequency channels, Co-channel interference
reduction Factor,

Regular
PPT/BB

12
Desired C/I in a Omni directional Antenna
Systems,

Regular
PPT/BB

13
Cell splitting,
Regular
PPT/BB

14
Consideration of the Components Of Cellular
systems.

Regular
PPT/BB

15
Standard bodies Spectrum for 3G
Additional
PPT/BB

16
Tutorial class
BB

17
Solving university Papers
BB

18
Assignment

19
UNIT

III

5

CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE:

20
Introduction to Co-Channel Interference,
Regular
PPT/BB

21
Real time Co-Channel Interference, Co Channel
measurement,

Regular
PPT/BB

22
design of Antenna systems,
Regular
PPT/BB

23
Antenna Parameters and their effects, diversity
receiver

Regular
PPT/BB

26
Tutorial class
BB

27

UNIT

IV
5

NON CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE:

28
Adjacent channel interference, near end far end
interference

Regular
PPT/BB

29
Cross talk, effects on coverage and interference
by power decrease

Regular
PPT/BB

30
Antenna height decrease
Regular
PPT/BB

31
Effects of cell site components
Regular
PPT/BB

32
UHF TV interference
Regular
PPT/BB

Tutorial class
Regular
BB

Mid Test I

33
UNIT

V

9

CELL COVERAGE FOR SIGNAL AND
TRAFFIC:

34
Signal reflections in flat and hilly terrain effect
of human made Structures,

Regular
PPT/BB

35
phase difference b/w direct & reflected paths,
Regular
LCD /BB

36
Constant standard deviation, straight line path
loss slope,

Regular
PPT/BB

37
General formula for propagation over water
& Flat open area, near and long distance

Regular PPT/BB

38
Antenna height gain, form of a Point to point
model.

Regular
PPT/BB

39
Special features of Handling Traffic
Additional
PPT/BB

40
Solving university Papers
BB

41
Tutorial class
BB

42
Assignment

43
Mid test I

44
UNIT

VI

6

CELL SITE AND MOBILE ANTENNAS:

45
Sum & difference Patterns & their synthesis,
omni directional antennas

Regular
PPT/BB

46
Directional antennas for interference reduction
Regular
PPT/BB

47
space Diversity antennas, umbrella pattern
antennas,

Regular
PPT/BB

48
minimum Separation of cell site antennas,
Regular
PPT/BB

49
High gain antennas
Regular
PPT/BB

50
Tutorial class.
BB

51
UNIT
VII

8

FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT AND
CHANNEL ASSIGNMENT

PPT/BB

52
Numbering and grouping, setup access &
Paging channels,

Regular
PPT/BB

53
channel assignments to cells sites and Mobile
units,

Regular
PPT/BB

54
channel sharing & borrowing,
Regular
PPT/BB

55
sectorization,
Regular
PPT/BB

56
Overlaid cells on fixed Channels assignment.
Regular
PPT/BB

57
Solving university Papers
BB

58
Tutorial class
BB

59
Assignment

60
UNIT
VII

7

HAND OFF AND TRAFFIC:

61
types of Handoff, dropped calls & cell splitting,
Regular
PPT/BB

62
handoff, handoff invitation, delaying handoff,
forced handoff,

Regular
PPT/BB

63
Mobile assigned handoff, intersystem handoff,
Regular
PPT/BB

64
cell splitting, micro cells, vehicle locating
methods,

Regular
PPT/BB

65
dropped call rates and their Evaluation,
Regular
PPT/BB

66
Power Difference Handoff
Additional
PPT/BB

67
Tutorial class.
BB

Mid test II

Course Review (By the concerned Faculty):

(I)Aims

(II) Sample check

(III) End of the course report by the concerned faculty

GUIDELINES:

Distribution of periods:

No. of classes required to cover JNTU syllabus : 51

No. of classes required to cover Additional topics
: 05

No. of classes required to cover Assignment tests (for every 2 units 1 test)

No. of classes required to cover tutorials
: 06

No. of classes required to cover Mid tests
: 3

No of classes required to solve University
: 2

Total
: 67

Detailed
Lecture

notes