CD and DVD forensics

321 Pages·2007·5.938 MB·English

by  Paul Crowley, Dave Kleiman

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C D DVD
and
Forensics
Paul Crowley
Dave Kleiman
Technical Editor
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Syngress Publishing,Inc.,the author(s),and any person or firm involved in the writing,editing,or production
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KEY SERIAL NUMBER
001 HJIRTCV764
002 PO9873D5FG
003 829KM8NJH2
004 GF98366VHH
005 CVPLQ6WQ23
006 VBP965T5T5
007 HJJJ863WD3E
008 2987GVTWMK
009 629MP5SDJT
010 IMWQ295T6T
PUBLISHED BY
Syngress Publishing,Inc.
800 Hingham Street
Rockland,MA 02370
CD and DVD Forensics
Copyright © 2007 by Syngress Publishing,Inc.All rights reserved.Except as permitted under the Copyright Act
of 1976,no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means,or stored in
a database or retrieval system,without the prior written permission of the publisher,with the exception that the
program listings may be entered,stored,and executed in a computer system,but they may not be reproduced for
publication.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
ISBN-10:1-59749-128-4
ISBN-13:978-1-59749-128-0
Publisher:Andrew Williams Page Layout and Art:Patricia Lupien
Acquisitions Editor:Erin Heffernan Copy Editor:Judy Eby
Technical Editor:Dave Kleiman Indexer:Odessa&Cie
Cover Designer:Michael Kavish
Distributed by O’Reilly Media,Inc.in the United States and Canada.
For information on rights,translations,and bulk sales,contact Matt Pedersen,Director of Sales and Rights,at
Syngress Publishing;email [email protected] fax to 781-681-3585.
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Acknowledgments
Syngress would like to acknowledge the following people for their kindness
and support in making this book possible.
Syngress books are now distributed in the United States and Canada by
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The incredibly hardworking team at Elsevier Science,including Jonathan
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Reinders for making certain that our vision remains worldwide in scope.
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for the enthusiasm with which they receive our books.
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v
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Author
Paul Crowley is the founder and lead developer at InfinaDyne.
InfinaDyne is one of a small number of companies publishing soft-
ware specifically targeted at the forensic examiner.Paul has been
working in the software development field since 1975.His career
includes experience that spans computer hardware from the very
smallest home video-game console to the largest IBM mainframes.
Paul began working with CD recording technology in 1994 and is
one of a small number of respected authorities on this technology.
The first CD data recovery software product was written by Paul
and has led the market for such tools since 1997.InfinaDyne has
been offering CD and DVD Forensics training classes since 2005
and has held classes in the U.S.and Australia.Attendees at these
classes have included members of the FBI,US Department of
Defense,and the Australian Federal Police.
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Technical Editor
Dave Kleiman (CAS,CCE,CIFI,CISM,CISSP,ISSAP,ISSMP,
MCSE) has worked in the information technology security sector
since 1990.Currently,he is the owner of
SecurityBreachResponse.com and is the Chief Information Security
Officer for Securit-e-Doc,Inc.Before starting this position,he was
Vice President of Technical Operations at Intelliswitch,Inc.,where
he supervised an international telecommunications and Internet ser-
vice provider network.Dave is a recognized security expert.A
former Florida Certified Law Enforcement Officer,he specializes in
computer forensic investigations,incident response,intrusion anal-
ysis,security audits,and secure network infrastructures.He has
written several secure installation and configuration guides about
Microsoft technologies that are used by network professionals.He
has developed a Windows operating system lockdown tool,S-Lok
(www.s-doc.com/products/slok.asp ),which surpasses NSA,NIST,
and Microsoft Common Criteria Guidelines.
Dave was a contributing author to Microsoft Log Parser Toolkit
(Syngress Publishing,ISBN:1-932266-52-6).He is frequently a
speaker at many national security conferences and is a regular con-
tributor to many security-related newsletters,Web sites,and Internet
forums.Dave is a member of several organizations,including the
International Association of Counter Terrorism and Security
Professionals (IACSP),International Society of Forensic Computer
Examiners® (ISFCE),Information Systems Audit and Control
Association® (ISACA),High Technology Crime Investigation
Association (HTCIA),Network and Systems Professionals
Association (NaSPA),Association of Certified Fraud Examiners
(ACFE),Anti Terrorism Accreditation Board (ATAB),and ASIS
International®.He is also a Secure Member and Sector Chief for
Information Technology at The FBI’s InfraGard® and a Member
and Director of Education at the International Information Systems
Forensics Association (IISFA).
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Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
Chapter 1 Physical Characteristics of CD and DVD Media 1
CD Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
CD Sizes and Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
CD and DVD Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
CD and DVD Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
CD-R Dyes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Information Storage on CDs and DVDs . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
CD and DVD Organization and Terminology . . . . . . . . .12
Border Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Lead In . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Lead Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Philips CD Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
RZone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Sony CD Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
TOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
CD and DVD Sectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
R-W Subchannels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
CD and DVD Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
CD-ROM Manufacturing Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Inside a CD-ROM Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
External Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Drive Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Chapter 2 CD and DVD Logical Structure . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Writing to a CD or DVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Logical File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
CD and DVD File Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Red Book Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
HSG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
ix