CCNP: Complete Study Guide

1422 Pages·2005·25.86 MB·English

CCNP®
Complete Study Guide
Wade Edwards, et al.
SYBEX®
4421.book Page i Tuesday, February 15, 2005 5:33 PM
®
CCNP
Complete
Study Guide
Wade Edwards, CCIE, Terry Jack, CCIE,
Todd Lammle, CCNP, Robert Padjen, CCNP,
Arthur Pfund, CCIE, Toby Skandier, CCNP,
Carl Timm, CCIE
San Francisco • London
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Associate Publisher: Neil Edde
Acquisitions and Developmental Editor: Maureen Adams
Production Editor: Mae Lum
Technical Editor: Craig Vazquez
Copyeditor: Sarah Lemaire
Compositor: Craig J. Woods, Happenstance Type-O-Rama
Graphic Illustrator: Happenstance Type-O-Rama
CD Coordinator: Dan Mummert
CD Technician: Kevin Ly
Proofreaders: Jim Brook, Candace English, Jennifer Larsen, Nancy Riddiough
Indexer: Nancy Guenther
Book Designers: Bill Gibson, Judy Fung
Cover Designer: Archer Design
Cover Illustrator/Photographer: Photodisc and Victor Arre
Copyright © 2005 SYBEX Inc., 1151 Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501. World rights reserved. No
part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or reproduced in any way, including but
not limited to photocopy, photograph, magnetic, or other record, without the prior agreement and written per-
mission of the publisher.
Portions of this book were published under the titles:
CCNP: Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks Study Guide © 2004 SYBEX Inc., CCNP: Building Cisco Multilayer
Switched Networks Study Guide © 2004 SYBEX Inc., CCNP: Building Cisco Remote Access Networks Study
Guide © 2004 SYBEX Inc., and CCNP: Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting Study Guide © 2004 SYBEX Inc.
Library of Congress Card Number: 2005920775
ISBN: 0-7821-4421-7
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Manufactured in the United States of America
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To Our Valued Readers:
Thank you for looking to Sybex for your CCNP exam prep needs. Cisco developed the CCNP
certification to validate expertise in implementing and managing Cisco internetworking solu-
tions, and it is currently one of the most highly sought after IT certifications. Just as Cisco is
committed to establishing measurable standards for certifying those professionals who work
in the field of internetworking, Sybex is committed to providing those professionals with the
information they need to excel.
We at Sybex are proud of our reputation for providing certification candidates with the practical
knowledge and skills needed to succeed in the highly competitive IT marketplace. This four-in-one
CCNP Complete Study Guide reflects our commitment to provide CCNP candidates with the
most up-to-date, accurate, and economical instructional material on the market.
The authors and the editors have worked hard to ensure that the book you hold in your
hands is comprehensive, in-depth, and pedagogically sound. We’re confident that this book
will exceed the demanding standards of the certification marketplace and help you, the
CCNP certification candidate, succeed in your endeavors.
As always, your feedback is important to us. If you believe you’ve identified an error in the
book, please send a detailed e-mail to
4421.book Page iv Tuesday, February 15, 2005 5:33 PM
Software License Agreement: Terms and Conditions
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Neil Edde and Maureen Adams for giving us the opportunity to
update this Study Guide. We would also like to take a moment to thank everyone else involved
in the creation of this book, including Production Editor Mae Lum; Technical Editor Craig
Vazquez; Copyeditor Sarah Lemaire; Proofreaders Jim Brook, Candace English, Jennifer
Larsen, and Nancy Riddiough; Indexer Nancy Guenther; and Dan Mummert and Kevin Ly
of the CD group.
4421.book Page vi Tuesday, February 15, 2005 5:33 PM
Contents at a Glance
Introduction xxix
Part I Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) 1
Chapter 1 Routing Principles 3
Chapter 2 IP Addressing 37
Chapter 3 Network Address Translation 75
Chapter 4 IGRP and EIGRP 99
Chapter 5 OSPF Operation in a Single Area 141
Chapter 6 Interconnecting OSPF Areas 175
Chapter 7 Integrated IS-IS 205
Chapter 8 Border Gateway Protocol 235
Chapter 9 Advanced Border Gateway Protocol 283
Chapter 10 Route Optimization 323
Chapter 11 Design Considerations 357
Part II Building Cisco Multilayer Switched
Networks (BCMSN) 377
Chapter 12 The Campus Network 379
Chapter 13 Connecting the Switch Block 413
Chapter 14 VLANs, Trunks, and VTP 445
Chapter 15 Layer 2 Switching and the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 481
Chapter 16 Using Spanning Tree with VLANs 501
Chapter 17 Inter-VLAN Routing 537
Chapter 18 Multilayer Switching (MLS) 553
Chapter 19 Understanding and Configuring Multicast Operation 585
Chapter 20 Quality of Service (QoS) 637
Chapter 21 Catalyst Switch Technologies 677
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Contents at a Glance vii
Part III Building Cisco Remote Access
Networks (BCRAN) 703
Chapter 22 Cisco Solutions for Remote Access 705
Chapter 23 Asynchronous Connections 745
Chapter 24 Point-to-Point Protocol 763
Chapter 25 Using Microsoft Win-dows 95/98/2000/XP 797
Chapter 26 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) 815
Chapter 27 Remote Access with Digital Subscriber Line 865
Chapter 28 Remote Access with Cable Modems and
Virtual Private Networks 877
Chapter 29 Frame Relay 887
Chapter 30 Queuing and Compression 915
Chapter 31 Network Address Translation and
Port Address Translation 941
Chapter 32 Centralized Security in Remote Access Networks 967
Part IV Cisco Internetwork Troubleshooting (CIT) 985
Chapter 33 Troubleshooting Methodology 987
Chapter 34 Network Documentation 1001
Chapter 35 End-System Documentation and Troubleshooting 1023
Chapter 36 Protocol Attributes 1053
Chapter 37 Cisco Diagnostic Commands and
TCP/IP Troubleshooting 1081
Chapter 38 TCP/IP Routing Protocol Troubleshooting 1137
Chapter 39 Troubleshooting Serial Line and Frame
Relay Connectivity 1177
Chapter 40 Troubleshooting ISDN 1203
Chapter 41 Troubleshooting Switched Ethernet 1235
Chapter 42 Applying Cisco’s Diagnostic Tools 1283
Index 1327
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Contents
Introduction xxix
Part I Building Scalable Cisco Internetworks (BSCI) 1
Chapter 1 Routing Principles 3
Components of Routing Data 4
Routing Tables 5
Populating the Routing Table 6
Reaching the Destination 20
Convergence 23
RIP Convergence 23
IGRP Convergence 25
EIGRP Convergence 27
Link-State Convergence 28
Verifying and Testing a Route 29
Verifying Routes 29
Testing and Troubleshooting Routes 30
Sumary 34
Exam Essentials 34
Chapter 2 IP Addressing 37
Review of IPv4 Addressing 38
IP Terminology 39
The Hierarchical IP Addressing Scheme 40
Extending IP Addresses 45
Variable-Length Subnet Masks 46
Classless Interdomain Routing 54
Route Summarization 56
Decimal-to-Binary Conversion Chart 66
An Overview of IPv6 Addressing 66
IPv6 Address Format 67
IPv6 Address Types 68
Sumary 73
Exam Essentials 73
Chapter 3 Network Address Translation 75
Understanding Network Address Translation 76
NAT Terminology 77
NAT Operations 82
Configuring NAT 88
Configuring Static NAT 89
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Contents ix
Configuring Dynamic NAT 91
Configuring NAT Using Overloading 92
Configuring TCP Load Distribution 93
Configuring NAT for Overlapping Addresses 94
Verifying and Troubleshooting the NAT Configuration 95
Sumary 97
Exam Essentials 98
Chapter 4 IGRP and EIGRP 99
Scalability Features of Routing Protocols 100
Distance-Vector Protocol Scalability Issues 101
Scalability Limitations of Link-State Routing Protocols 102
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol 102
IGRP Features and Operation 103
IGRP Configuration 111
Verifying and Troubleshooting IGRP 114
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol 118
Route Tagging 119
Neighbor Relationships 119
Route Calculation 120
EIGRP Metrics 125
Redistribution for EIGRP 128
Configuring EIGRP 128
Verifying and Troubleshooting EIGRP 133
Summary 139
Exam Essentials 140
Chapter 5 OSPF Operation in a Single Area 141
Open Shortest Path First 142
OSPF Terminology 143
OSPF Operation 145
NBMA Overview 155
NBMA Environments 155
Broadcast 156
Non-Broadcast 157
Point-to-Point 158
Point-to-Multipoint 158
Configuring OSPF 159
Discovering the Network with OSPF 159
Configuring OSPF—Single Area 163
Configuring OSPF—Single Area (NBMA Environment) 166
Verifying OSPF Configuration 170
Summary 173
Exam Essentials 174