Cave and Karst Systems of Hungary PDF
Preview Cave and Karst Systems of Hungary
Cave and Karst Systems of the World Márton Veress Szabolcs Leél-Őssy Editors Cave and Karst Systems of Hungary Cave and Karst Systems of the World Series Editor James W. LaMoreaux, P.E.LaMoreaux and Associates, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA More information about this series at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/11987 Ő Márton Veress (cid:129) Szabolcs Leél- ssy Editors Cave and Karst Systems of Hungary 123 Editors Márton Veress SzabolcsLeél-Őssy SEK, Departmentof Geography Department ofPhysical andAppliedGeology EötvösLorándUniversity EötvösLorándUniversity Szombathely, Hungary Budapest, Hungary ISSN 2364-4591 ISSN 2364-4605 (electronic) Cave andKarstSystems of theWorld ISBN978-3-030-92959-6 ISBN978-3-030-92960-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92960-2 ©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnot imply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsand regulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelieved tobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty, expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeen made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland In memory of Jakucs László Preface This bookdescribesHungarian karst areas ina versatileand complex way from an analytical point of view. It may not be unfounded to say that it is the most detailed and most com- prehensive work that has ever been done also including the latest research results. Hungariankarstareasdonotconstituteuniformkarstregionssuchasthekarstareasofthe AlpsandChina.Disregardingsomeexceptions,karstfeaturesarenotlarge,somefeaturesare absent or their occurrence is rare (collapse dolines, karren features of bare surfaces). Despite this, karst features and karst processes are diverse. However, Hungarian karsts are rich in caves(morethan4000cavesareknown),hypogenecavesbeingrichinhydrothermalcrystals aresignificant. The surfaces ofthese karsts may begood examples of temperatekarsts which developedonthepeneplainpartsofformertropicalkarstssimultaneouslywithpowerfulfluvial surface formation, being affected by hydrothermal impacts in some places. Forty-five authors participated in the preparation of this book who are experts of various disciplines, many of them are internationally acknowledged researchers. They work at dif- ferent places such as at universities, in museums, research institutes, and national parks. The age of the authors is also various, there are retired researches, but Ph.D. students may also occur among them. This book has 21 chapters. Two chapters deal with the geological–hydrological back- ground, one chapter is about paleokarst, three is about the surface of karsts, one chapter focusesonthegeneraldescription ofHungariankarstsandoneconcentratesonthehistoryof karst and cave research. Seven chapters deal with caves, three chapters are about the biology andecologyofkarsts,andtwochaptersdealwiththeconcretionsofthekarst.Wearethankful to the authors of the chapters and those who had technical contribution to this book. Here, we would like to draw the reader’s attention to thefact that karst areas have dual or different names in the various chapters. Names of some karst areas used in international publicationsongeologycanalsobefoundinsomechapters.Thus,“Hills”occursatSzalonna Karst (or at Esztramos) as well as at the Buda Mountains, Gerecse Mountains, and Pilis Mountains, while “Range” is used at the Transdanubian Mountains. However, these are mountains and plateaus according to both their geological (structure, built-up) and vii viii Preface geographical (morphology, altitude) characteristics and to their name as well, though it is withoutdoubtthattheirelevationmaybepartlybelow500mandpartsofhilltypealsooccur in their areas. This book was written with the moral support and the contribution of several members of the Hungarian Speleological Society. Szombathely, Hungary Márton Veress Budapest, Hungary Szabolcs Leél-Őssy Contents A General Description of Karsts in Hungary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Márton Veress History of Karst and Cave Research in Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Kinga Székely, Attila Hevesi, Szabolcs Leél-Őssy, and Tamás Telbisz An Interpretation of Karstification and Karst Processes by Hungarian Researchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Márton Veress Geology of the Karst Terrains in Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Zsolt Kercsmár, Ildikó Selmeczi, Tamás Budai, György Less, and Gyula Konrád Paleokarst in Hungary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Andrea Mindszenty and Krisztina Sebe Hydrogeology of the Karst Regions in Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Judit Mádl-Szőnyi, Anita Erőss, Katalin Csondor, Veronika Iván, and Ádám Tóth The Geomorphic Evolution of Karsts and Karstic Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 János Móga and Márton Veress The Surface Morphology of Karsts in Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Márton Veress GIS Research of Karst Terrains in Hungary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Tamás Telbisz, László Mari, and Gáspár Albert The Caves of Aggtelek Karst, Szalonna Karst and Rudabánya Mountains . . . . . . 275 Péter Gruber, Gábor Szunyogh, and Tamás Telbisz The Caves of the Bükk Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Szilárd Vetési-Foith, László Lénárt, Szabolcs Leél-Őssy, and Magdolna Virág The Caves of the Northeastern Part of the Transdanubian Mountains . . . . . . . . . 361 Szabolcs Leél-Őssy and Magdolna Virág The Caves of the Southwestern Part of the Transdanubian Mountains (Transdanubian Range). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Szilárd Vetési-Foith Caves in the Mecsek Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433 Károly Barta and Csaba Egri The Caves of the Villány Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 Szabolcs Leél-Őssy ix x Contents Monitoring and Geochemical Investigations of Caves in Hungary: Implications for Climatological, Hydrological, and Speleothem Formation Processes . . . . . . . . 465 GyörgyCzuppon,AttilaDemény,SzabolcsLeél-Őssy,JózsefStieber,MihályÓvári, Péter Dobosy, Ágnes Berentés, and Richard Kovács Sedimentologic, Taphonomic Processes and Paleontological Values of Hungarian Caves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 László Kordos Age, Depositional Environment, and Geochemistry of Freshwater Carbonates (Travertine, Tufa) from Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 Sándor Kele and Barbara Bódai The Vegetation of Karsts in Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535 Zoltán Bátori, Norbert Bauer, László Erdős, and András Vojtkó The Fauna of Karsts in Hungary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 Csaba Szinetár, Péter Paulovics, Gábor Csorba, and Gergely Balázs Geoecology of Hungarian Karsts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 Ilona Bárány Kevei and Márton Kiss Index ... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 595
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