Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications PDF
Preview Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications
Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications EDITED BY M. Eric Benbow MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, EAST LANSING, USA Jeffery K. Tomberlin TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE STATION, USA Aaron M. Tarone TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE STATION, USA Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Front cover: A turkey vulture (Cathartes aura) awaits the teeth of a top predator, now absent from this ecosystem, to open the bloated carcass of a dead bovine. Albion Mountains, Minidoka Ranger District, Sawtooth National Forest (June 29, 2010). Photo copyright Robert A. Miller. Used with permission. All rights reserved. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20150716 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-7547-9 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the valid- ity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or uti- lized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopy- ing, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http:// www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com We would like to dedicate this book to Mary Fuller and Jerry Payne for their courage to ask questions about vertebrate carrion and its related significance to systems ecology. We would also like to dedicate this book to Dan Janzen who wrote an inspiring paper on rotting fruit, moldy seeds, and spoiling meat in 1977, a paper that expanded our views of the process and nature of carrion decomposition that in many ways served as the impetus for this book. Contents Acknowledgments .....................................................................................................................................ix Contributors ..............................................................................................................................................xi Section I Introduction to Carrion Decomposition 1. Introduction to Carrion Ecology, Evolution, and Their Applications ........................................3 M. Eric Benbow, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, and Aaron M. Tarone 2. Processes and Mechanisms of Death and Decomposition of Vertebrate Carrion ...................13 Shari L. Forbes and David O. Carter 3. Microbial Interactions during Carrion Decomposition ..............................................................31 Tawni L. Crippen, M. Eric Benbow, and Jennifer L. Pechal 4. Arthropod Communities in Terrestrial Environments ..............................................................65 Richard W. Merritt and Grant D. De Jong 5. Carrion Effects on Belowground Communities and Consequences for Soil Processes ..........93 Michael S. Strickland and Kyle Wickings 6. Ecological Role of Vertebrate Scavengers ..................................................................................107 James C. Beasley, Zach H. Olson, and Travis L. DeVault 7. Design and Analysis of Field Studies in Carrion Ecology .......................................................129 Kenneth G. Schoenly, J.-P. Michaud, and Gaétan Moreau Section II Ecological Mechanisms of Carrion Decomposition 8. Community and Landscape Ecology of Carrion .......................................................................151 M. Eric Benbow, Jennifer L. Pechal, Rachel M. Mohr 9. Chemical Ecology of Vertebrate Carrion ...................................................................................187 Jonathan A. Cammack, Meaghan L. Pimsler, Tawni L. Crippen, and Jeffery K. Tomberlin 10. Vertebrate Carrion as a Model for Conducting Behavior Research........................................213 Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Michelle R. Sanford, Meaghan L. Pimsler, and Sherah L. VanLaerhoven 11. Modeling Species Interactions within Carrion Food Webs ......................................................231 Sherah L. VanLaerhoven 12. Aquatic Vertebrate Carrion Decomposition ..............................................................................247 John R. Wallace vii viii Contents 13. The Role of Carrion in Ecosystems ............................................................................................273 Philip S. Barton Section III Evolutionary Ecology of Carrion Decomposition 14. Ecological Genetics ......................................................................................................................293 Aaron M. Tarone 15. Quantitative Genetics of Life History Traits in Coprophagous and Necrophagous Insects ......................................................................................................333 Wolf Blanckenhorn 16. Carrion and Dung Mimicry in Plants .........................................................................................361 Andreas Jürgens and Adam Shuttleworth 17. Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution of Carrion-Associated Arthropods..............387 Christine J. Picard, Jonathan J. Parrott, and John W. Whale 18. Microbial Genetics and Systematics ...........................................................................................403 Michael S. Allen and Michael G. LaMontagne 19. Microbiome Studies of Carrion Decomposition .........................................................................421 Jessica L. Metcalf, David O. Carter, and Rob Knight 20. Interkingdom Ecological Interactions of Carrion Decomposition ...........................................433 Heather R. Jordan, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Thomas K. Wood, and M. Eric Benbow 21. Ecology of African Carrion .........................................................................................................461 Sarah C. Jones, Eli D. Strauss, and Kay E. Holekamp Section IV Applications of Carrion Decomposition 22. Carrion Communities as Indicators in Fisheries, Wildlife Management, and Conservation .........................................................................................................................495 M.D. Hocking and S.M. O’Regan 23. Composting as a Method for Carrion Disposal in Livestock Production ...............................517 Shanwei Xu, Tim Reuter, Kim Stanford, Francis J. Larney, and Tim A. McAllister 24. Human Decomposition and Forensics .........................................................................................541 Gail S. Anderson 25. Frontiers in Carrion Ecology and Evolution ..............................................................................561 M. Eric Benbow, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, and Aaron M. Tarone Index ......................................................................................................................................................563 Acknowledgments We are indebted to the outstanding authors of this volume and the anonymous reviewers of the chapters. They have made this one of the most comprehensive and cohesive collection of topics covering carrion ecology, evolution of associated organisms, and applications of the basic scientific understanding of it. We would like to thank our families (Melissa, Alia, and Arielle Benbow; Laura, Celeste, and Jonah Tomberlin; Lauren Kalns and Rocco Tarone) for their support and encouragement during the many hours that we dedicated to this endeavor and for their tolerance and understanding when we have been up late working, away pursuing science, conducting collaborative research, and forming professional friend- ships important to accomplishing a task of this magnitude. We would also like to acknowledge special gratitude to Jen Pechal and Jonathan Cammack for their extra efforts in editing and proofing various aspects of this book. Their efforts greatly improved the final version of this book. Finally, we are indebted to the efforts of Rich Merritt and John Wallace for their initial support and encouragement for taking on such a time-consuming, yet important, project. Rich Merritt deserves special recognition for the educational underpinnings of this book, as he was responsible for leading Benbow into carrion ecology and forensic science and was a critical member of Tarone’s PhD commit- tee. Rich is truly admired for his lifetime achievements and mentorship in these fields, as much as for those in his true passion (and Benbow’s) of aquatic entomology. Tomberlin would also like to extend his thanks to his MS advisor at Clemson University—Peter Adler. Through the years, Peter has been, and continues to be, Tomberlin’s mentor, colleague, and friend. M. Eric Benbow Jeffery K. Tomberlin Aaron M. Tarone ix
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