Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Latin America PDF
Preview Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Latin America
Rattan Lal Carlos C. Cerri Martial Bernoux Jorge Etchevers Eduardo Cerri Editors Carbon Sequestration in Soils of Latin America Pre-publication carbonisnotyetrecognizedforcarbon REVIEWS, creditsunderthecurrentKyotoagree- COMMENTARIES, ment,thebook willcontributesignifi- cantly to discussions to ensure im- EVALUATIONS . . . provement of Kyoto for the next reporting period. “This book is a timely and impor- In addition to assembling all evi- tant addition to the global dis- dence on soil carbon sequestration in cussions on soil carbon sequestration. LatinAmerica,theaddedvalueofthe Although focusing on soils of Latin book is the additional picture of land America,thebookbringsforthconsid- degradationintheregion.Thisensem- erablevaluableinformationonthesci- ble of evidence contributes consider- ence of soil carbon sequestration and ably to understanding the opportuni- ties and challenges of soil carbon procedurestoassesssoilcarbonintrop- sequestrationandenvironmentalman- ical, temperate, and desert regions. It agement in the Latin America region.” provides solid, scientific evidence on thepotentialsforsoilcarbonsequestra- Julian Dumanski, PhD tionindifferentbiomesinLatinAmer- Retired, Senior Scientist, ica,aswellasimpactsofdifferentland Government of Canada; management systems. Although soil Consultant, World Bank More pre-publication REVIEWS, COMMENTARIES, EVALUATIONS . . . “LatinAmericamakesupabout15per- prisedoftwenty-fourchapterscontrib- cent of the world’s land area. utedbyinternationallyrecognizedex- Theauthorshavelookedatthisregion pertsprovidesastate-of-the-artdiscus- in great detail and have presented a sionondifferentaspectsofsoilcarbon wealth of data and other information sequestrationinLatinAmerica.Notonly about thecarbon statusofsoilsinthe thesoilcarbonsequestrationpotential region. More important, they have ofdifferentbiomesoftheregionisex- lookedatdifferentbiomesintheregion tensivelycoveredbutalsosomeofthe and various management systems to advancedmethodsofassessmentofsoil determinewhen theyareservingasa carbon are well described. source or sink of carbon in the atmo- Methodssuggestedforviableland- sphere.Thebookshouldbeavaluable usechangetoimprovecarbonseques- resource to researchers and policy trationinsoilsofdifferentbiomesand makersconcernedwithcarbonseques- ecoregionsinthesecondsectionofthe tration.Althoughthebookfocuseson bookcouldbeusefultoolsformaking Latin America and only detailed data acarbonaccountingsystemunderthe fromthisregionarepresented,manyof Kyotoagreement.Furthermore,thecon- theauthorshavepresentedmethodolo- versionofdegradedlandsintheconti- giesanddiscussionsthatapplytosoils nenttovariousland-usesystems,espe- anywhereintheworld.Therefore,even ciallytoproductivenewgrass-legume thoughthebookwillhaveitsgreatest pastures and agroforestry of silvopas- value to workers in Latin America, it toral systems and adoption of direct willbe ofinterestand helptoanyone seedingmulchbasedcroppingsystems concerned with carbon sequestration.” (DMC),providealargepotentialofcar- bon sequestration. B. A. Stewart, PhD Thebookalsoemphasizesthatde- Distinguished Professor of Soil Science, spitemanyuncertaintiesandlimitations West Texas A&M University, in soil carbon assessment, this region Canyon could be a good candidate for carbon trading under the CDM through suit- ablemarketstructure.Althoughthebook specifically reports carbon sequestra- tionpotentialinLatinAmericansoils, methodological and management ap- proaches presented could be equally “Carbonsequestrationinsoilsthrough applicable to other regions and hence judiciouslanduseandmanage- the book could be of wider benefit.” mentisanimportantstrategytooffset emissions and mitigate the climate Bal Ram Singh, PhD change both regionally and globally. Professor, LatinAmerica—withitslargelandmass Department of Plant andwidelydifferingsoils,biomes,and and Environmental Sciences, ecoregions—providesalargepotential Norwegian University tosequestersoilcarbon.Thisbookcom- of Life Sciences (UMB) NOTES FOR PROFESSIONAL LIBRARIANS AND LIBRARY USERS ThisisanoriginalbooktitlepublishedbyFoodProductsPress®,an impritofTheHaworthPress,Inc.Unlessotherwisenotedinspecific chapterswithattribution,materialsinthisbookhavenotbeenprevi- ously published elsewhere in any format or language. CONSERVATION AND PRESERVATION NOTES AllbookspublishedbyTheHaworthPress,Inc.,anditsimprintsare printedoncertifiedpHneutral,acid-freebookgradepaper.Thispa- permeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmericanNationalStandard forInformation Sciences-Permanence ofPaperforPrintedMaterial, ANSI Z39.48-1984. 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New York (cid:127) London (cid:127) Oxford For more information on this book or to order, visit http://www.haworthpress.com/store/product.asp?sku=5755 or call 1-800-HAWORTH (800-429-6784) in the United Statesand Canada or (607) 722-5857 outside the United States and Canada or contact [email protected] Published by FoodProductsPress®,animprintofTheHaworthPress,Inc., 10AliceStreet,Binghamton,NY 13904-1580. ©2006byTheHaworthPress,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisworkmaybereproducedor utilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,microfilm, andrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Chapters 18, 19, 20, and 22 are works of the U.S. government. PUBLISHER’S NOTE Thedevelopment,preparation,andpublicationofthisworkhasbeenundertakenwithgreatcare. However,thePublisher,employees,editors,andagentsofTheHaworthPressarenotresponsible for any errors contained herein or for consequences that may ensue from use of materials or informationcontainedinthiswork.TheHaworthPressiscommittedtothedisseminationofideas andinformationaccordingtothehigheststandardsofintellectualfreedomandthefreeexchangeof ideas.Statementsmadeandopinionsexpressedinthispublicationdonotnecessarilyreflectthe views of the Publisher, Directors, management, or staff of The Haworth Press, Inc., or an endorsement by them. Cover design by Marylouise E. Doyle. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Carbon sequestration in soils of Latin America / Rattan Lal . . . [et al.], editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-56022-136-4 (case 13 : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-56022-136-4 (case 10 : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-56022-137-1 (soft 13 : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-56022-137-2 (soft 10 : alk. paper) 1.Soils—Carboncontent—LatinAmerica.2.Carbonsequestration—LatinAmerica.I.Lal,R. S592.6.C35C38 2006 631.4'22—dc22 2006015831 CONTENTS AbouttheEditors xv Contributors xvii Preface xxi PART I: PHYSIOGRAPHY AND BACKGROUND Chapter 1.Soil Ecoregions in Latin America 3 Boris Volkoff Martial Bernoux Introduction 3 Continental Parameters 4 The Biophysical or Natural Environment 5 Soil Regions in Latin America 25 Conclusion 35 Chapter 2.Challenges and Opportunities of Soil Carbon Sequestration in Latin America 41 C. C. Cerri M. Bernoux C. E. P. Cerri R. Lal Introduction 41 Soil Carbon Stock Estimation Under Native Vegetation 42 Changes of Soil Carbon Stocks upon Land-Use Change 44 Final Considerations and Conclusions 45 Chapter 3.Soil Carbon Sequestration in Latin America 49 R. Lal Introduction 49 Terrestrial Carbon Pool 49 Soil Carbon Sequestration 50 Soil Carbon Sink Capacity 54 Rate of Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration 56 Opportunities of Soil Carbon Sequestration in Latin America 56 Conclusions 63
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