Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy: Principles, Practices, and Treatment Planning PDF
Preview Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy: Principles, Practices, and Treatment Planning
Hirohiko Tsujii · Tadashi Kamada Toshiyuki Shirai · Koji Noda Hiroshi Tsuji · Kumiko Karasawa Editors Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy Principles, Practices, and Treatment Planning 123 Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy Hirohiko Tsujii (cid:129) Tadashi Kamada Toshiyuki Shirai (cid:129) Koji Noda Hiroshi Tsuji (cid:129) Kumiko Karasawa Editors Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy Principles, Practices, and Treatment Planning Editors Hirohiko Tsujii Tadashi Kamada National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institute of Radiological Sciences Chiba , Japan Chiba , Japan Toshiyuki Shirai Koji Noda National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institute of Radiological Sciences Chiba , Japan Chiba , Japan Hiroshi Tsuji Kumiko Karasawa National Institute of Radiological Sciences National Institute of Radiological Sciences Chiba , Japan Chiba , Japan ISBN 978-4-431-54456-2 ISBN 978-4-431-54457-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-54457-9 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013956974 © Springer Japan 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. T he use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Pref ace T his book is based on approximately 20 years of clinical experience with carbon-ion radiotherapy at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) and a review of literature worldwide on particle beam radiotherapy. It describes the rationale of applying car- bon-ion radiotherapy in our efforts to develop the optimal treatment planning and irradiation techniques for various types of tumors and provides, as well, a description of treatments that unfortunately resulted in severe toxicities or tumor control failure. Accordingly, readers can learn about successful techniques for applying charged particle radiotherapy to prevent poten- tial adverse effects and can also learn how to overcome or treat such effects if they develop. In recent years, increasing evidence has been accumulated demonstrating the potential effi - cacy of charged particle radiotherapy in terms of increasing both the local control and survival rates in many types of tumors. Among various kinds of ion beams, carbon ion beams are used in cancer therapy worldwide because they are considered to have the most balanced, optimal properties, exhibiting both physically and biologically superior dose localization in tumors. This is due to the fact that, compared with photon beams, carbon ion beams exhibit a Bragg peak around the tumor at a fi xed depth, and their radiobiological effectiveness increases with depth, reaching a maximum at the end of the beam’s range. Therefore, with carbon ions, a physiobiologically suffi cient dose can be precisely localized in the tumor at a fi xed depth while delivering a physiobiologically lower dose to the surrounding normal tissue. From the standpoint of cancer radiotherapy, however, carbon ions with such unique proper- ties could become a double-edged sword depending on their application. This is because they are seen to deliver selective irradiation to the tumor while having at the same time a risk of inducing unwanted severe side effects in the normal tissue or critical organs and potentially causing local tumor failure unless properly employed. In fact, in initial phase I or I/II studies at the NIRS, severe late complications were encountered in the rectosigmoid colon or cutane- ous and connective tissues in selected patients who received higher dose levels in a series of dose-escalation studies for head and neck tumors or pelvic tumors. In subsequent treatment, however, such adverse effects have not been observed as a result of determining the safe dose levels and of improving irradiation techniques. Also included in this book is a description of cases in which patients developed adverse effects that were satisfactorily managed with sal- vage treatment. This feature of the book makes it unique among other books in the fi eld. Carbon-ion radiotherapy provides improved outcomes for entities such as locally advanced tumors arising from various sites, in particular, those with pathologically non-squamous cell types, including adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, melanoma and bone and soft tis- sue sarcomas, and those not suited for surgical resection. Furthermore, there is a rationale for the use of short-course radiotherapy regimens due to the superior dose localization and unique biological properties of high-LET carbon ion beams. The effi cacy of this approach has been proven in the treatment of many different tumor sites, where the number of fractions per patient has been successfully reduced to a range between a single fraction in 1 day to 16 fractions in 4 weeks. How this has been achieved is also introduced here. History is said to repeat itself. The negative aspects of radiotherapy, which are due to the use of immature techniques or poor knowledge of the nature of ion beams or the tumor itself, should not be repeated. In this regard, we have attempted to present information in this book v vi Preface with the hope that it will serve as an introduction for those new to the fi eld and as a useful resource for those currently involved in the use of charged particle radiotherapy, including protons and carbon ions in a clinical setting. In closing, I wish to acknowledge our patients, who placed their trust in us as they received treatment with carbon ions at the NIRS. I wish to thank the current and past staff of the NIRS who contributed to the chapters of this book, as well as the many other individuals who provided their support and expertise for its publication. I hope that our published work will prove to be a useful resource for the entire radiotherapy community to enhance the fi eld of radiation oncology. Chiba , Japan Hirohiko Tsujii Contents Part I The History of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy 1 History of Charged Particle Radiotherapy .......................................................... 3 Hirohiko Tsujii Part II An Overview of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy 2 The Characteristics of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy .............................................. 13 Tadashi Kamada 3 Overview of the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) Practices ................................................................................. 17 Tadashi Kamada Part III Radiobiology of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy 4 Heavy-Ion Radiobiology ........................................................................................ 25 Yoshiya Furusawa 5 Biophysical Models and RBE ................................................................................ 39 Naruhiro Matsufuji Part IV Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy System 6 Workfl ow of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy ............................................................... 49 Toshiyuki Shirai and Yuka Takei 7 Beam-Delivery Systems ......................................................................................... 53 Shigekazu Fukuda, Takuji Furukawa, and Yoshiyuki Iwata 8 Dosimetry ................................................................................................................ 65 Manabu Mizota and Akifumi Fukumura 9 Motion Management .............................................................................................. 71 Shinichiro Mori 10 Quality Assurance .................................................................................................. 79 Takuji Furukawa and Shinichiro Mori vii viii Contents Part V Treatment Planning of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy 11 Treatment Planning of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy ............................................. 87 Nobuyuki Kanematsu and Taku Inaniwa Part VI Facility Design 12 Facility Design of Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy ...................................................... 101 Koji Noda Part VII Oncology Information System 13 Oncology Information System .............................................................................. 113 Yutaka Ando Part VIII Evaluation of Treatment Outcome 14 Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes Using the Heavy-Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) Approach ........................................... 121 Tadashi Kamada Part IX Head and Neck Tumors 15 Cancer of the Head and Neck ............................................................................... 127 Azusa Hasegawa 16 Malignant Melanoma of the Head and Neck ....................................................... 141 Ryo Takagi 17 Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Head and Neck ......................................................... 149 Masashi Koto Part X Skull Base and Paracervical Tumors 18 Skull Base and Upper Cervical Spine Tumors .......................................................................................................... 155 Masashi Koto Part XI Eye Tumors 19 Uveal Melanoma ..................................................................................................... 165 Hiroshi Tsuji, Shingo Toyama, and Takuma Nomiya 20 Lacrimal Gland Tumors ........................................................................................ 171 Hiroshi Tsuji, Nobutaka Mizoguchi, and Takuma Nomiya Part XII Lung Tumors 21 Lung Cancer ........................................................................................................... 177 Naoyoshi Yamamoto and Mio Nakajima 22 Metastatic Lung Tumors and Lymph Nodes ....................................................... 191 Naoyoshi Yamamoto and Mio Nakajima Contents ix Part XIII GI Tract Tumors 23 Esophageal Cancer................................................................................................. 197 Shigeo Yasuda 24 Postoperative Recurrence of Rectal Cancer ........................................................ 203 Shigeu Yamada, Satoshi Endo, Kohtaro Terashima, Makoto Shinoto, Shigeo Yasuda, Miho Shiomi, and Tetsuro Isozaki Part XIV Liver Tumors 25 Hepatocellular Carcinoma .................................................................................... 213 Shigeo Yasuda Part XV Pancreatic Cancer 26 Pancreatic Cancer .................................................................................................. 221 Shigeu Yamada, Kohtaro Terashima, Makoto Shinoto, Shigeo Yasuda, Miho Shiomi, and Tetsuro Isozaki Part XVI Genitourinary Tumors 27 Prostate Cancer ...................................................................................................... 231 Hiroshi Tsuji, Hitoshi Ishikawa, and Takuma Nomiya 28 Renal Cell Carcinoma ............................................................................................ 241 Takuma Nomiya and Hiroshi Tsuji Part XVII Gynecologic Tumors 29 Uterine Cancer ....................................................................................................... 253 Masaru Wakatsuki 30 Gynecological Melanoma ...................................................................................... 263 Kumiko Karasawa Part XVIII Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas 31 Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas ............................................................................ 271 Reiko Imai Part XIX Other Tumors 32 Previously Irradiated Tumors ............................................................................... 289 Masashi Koto 33 Metastatic Tumors ................................................................................................. 295 Kumiko Karasawa 34 Brain Tumors .......................................................................................................... 299 Masashi Koto 35 Breast Cancer ......................................................................................................... 303 Kumiko Karasawa Index ................................................................................................................................ 309
The list of books you might like
