Cancer Cell Culture: Methods and Protocols PDF
Preview Cancer Cell Culture: Methods and Protocols
™ M e t h o d s i n M o l e c u l a r B i o l o g y Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK For further volumes: www.springer.com/series/7651 Cancer Cell Culture Methods and Protocols Second Edition Edited by Ian A. Cree Translational Oncology Research Centre, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK Editor Ian A. Cree, M.B. Ch.B., Ph.D., F.R.C.Path. Translational Oncology Research Centre Queen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth UK Preface Cancer cell culture remains as important today as it was when the frst edition of Cancer Cell Culture: Methods and Protocols was published 6 years ago. However, the emphasis of research using cell culture methods is shifting towards the use of primary cells rather than the generation of new cell lines, and the chapters in this edition refect this. As before, the basic concepts of cancer cell biology and culture are covered in the frst few chapters, with an emphasis on safe working practice for both cells and laboratory researchers. These chapters contain the information critical to success – only by good practice and quality control will the results of cancer cell culture improve. I am grateful to several authors from the last edition for updating some of their chap- ters to refect improvements, particularly the rapid improvement in real-time PCR tech- nology. In a change to the last edition, which is still available, I have included a series of chapters covering a series of different assay methods which allow the action of drugs and toxins on cells to be measured. Many of these can be used with primary cell preparations. There is a chapter reviewing high throughput screening of natural products, and a practi- cal guide to the assessment of drug interactions. It is now possible to introduce genetic defects into normal cells with greater precision than ever before, and this is already deliver- ing a completely new set of cell lines to researchers, including those in the pharmaceutical industry and academic laboratories. In organising a book like this, one quickly realises the breadth and depth of research activity that depend on cell lines. Inevitably, some potential authors were too busy to con- tribute, and there were many I probably should have asked but did not as the list of chap- ters flled up all too quickly. There is no attempt here to claim to be comprehensive, but I hope that the new edition of this valuable book will prove useful to many laboratories. I am immensely grateful to those that found time to contribute and to Professor John Walker for his guidance during the diffcult phases of this year-long process. My wife, Brigit had to put up with the amount of time I spent in my study, and did so very gra- ciously – I am indebted to her again and I am very grateful for her support. Portsmouth, UK Ian A. Cree v Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1 Cancer Biology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Ian A. Cree 2 Principles of Cancer Cell Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Ian A. Cree 3 Storage of Cell Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Katharine A. Parker 4 Characterization and Authentication of Cancer Cell Lines: An Overview. . . . . . . . 35 Yvonne A. Reid 5 Online Verification of Human Cell Line Identity by STR DNA Typing . . . . . . . . . 45 Wilhelm G. Dirks and Hans G. Drexler 6 Cytogenetic Analysis of Cancer Cell Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Roderick A.F. MacLeod, Maren Kaufmann, and Hans G. Drexler 7 Cell Culture Contamination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Glyn N. Stacey 8 Detecting Mycoplasma Contamination in Cell Cultures by Polymerase Chain Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Cord C. Uphoff and Hans G. Drexler 9 Elimination of Mycoplasmas from Infected Cell Lines Using Antibiotics . . . . . . . . 105 Cord C. Uphoff and Hans G. Drexler 10 Quality Assurance and Good Laboratory Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Louise A. Knight and Ian A. Cree 11 Generation of Lung Cancer Cell Line Variants by Drug Selection or Cloning . . . . 125 Laura Breen, Joanne Keenan, and Martin Clynes 12 Isolation and Culture of Colon Cancer Cells and Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Sharon Glaysher and Ian A. Cree 13 Isolation and Culture of Melanoma and Naevus Cells and Cell Lines. . . . . . . . . . . 141 Julia K. Soo, Alastair D. MacKenzie Ross, and Dorothy C. Bennett 14 Isolation and Culture of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Karin J. Purdie, Celine Pourreyron, and Andrew P. South 15 Isolation and Culture of Ovarian Cancer Cells and Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Christian M. Kurbacher, Cornelia Korn, Susanne Dexel, Ulrike Schween, Jutta A. Kurbacher, Ralf Reichelt, and Petra N. Arenz 16 Establishment and Culture of Leukemia–Lymphoma Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Hans G. Drexler 17 Isolation of Inflammatory Cells from Human Tumours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Marta E. Polak vii viii Contents 18 Isolation of Endothelial Cells from Human Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Elisabeth Naschberger, Vera S. Schellerer, Tilman T. Rau, Roland S. Croner, and Michael Stürzl 19 Cellular Chemosensitivity Assays: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Venil N. Sumantran 20 Cell Sensitivity Assays: The MTT Assay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Johan van Meerloo, Gertjan J.L. Kaspers, and Jacqueline Cloos 21 Cell Sensitivity Assays: The ATP-based Tumor Chemosensitivity Assay . . . . . . . . . 247 Sharon Glaysher and Ian A. Cree 22 Differential Staining Cytotoxicity Assay: A Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Larry M. Weisenthal 23 Real-Time Cytotoxicity Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Donald Wlodkowic, Shannon Faley, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, and Jonathan M. Cooper 24 Purification of Annexin V and Its Use in the Detection of Apoptotic Cells . . . . . . 293 Katy M. Coxon, James Duggan, M. Francesca Cordeiro, and Stephen E. Moss 25 Measurement of DNA Damage in Individual Cells Using the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet) Assay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 Janet M. Hartley, Victoria J. Spanswick, and John A. Hartley 26 Molecular Breakpoint Analysis of Chromosome Translocations in Cancer Cell Lines by Long Distance Inverse-PCR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Björn Schneider, Hans G. Drexler, and Roderick A.F. MacLeod 27 Cell Migration and Invasion Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333 Karwan A. Moutasim, Maria L. Nystrom, and Gareth J. Thomas 28 Angiogenesis Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 V. Poulaki 29 Flow Cytometric DNA Analysis of Human Cancers and Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 Sarah A. Krueger and George D. Wilson 30 Expression Analysis of Homeobox Genes in Leukemia/ Lymphoma Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Stefan Nagel and Hans G. Drexler 31 Measuring Gene Expression from Cell Cultures by Quantitative Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Sharon Glaysher, Francis G. Gabriel, and Ian A. Cree 32 Proteomic Evaluation of Cancer Cells: Identification of Cell Surface Proteins . . . . 395 Samantha Larkin and Claire Aukim-Hastie 33 Development of Rituximab-Resistant B-NHL Clones: An In Vitro Model for Studying Tumor Resistance to Monoclonal Antibody-Mediated Immunotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 Ali R. Jazirehi and Benjamin Bonavida 34 Analysis of Drug Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 Irene V. Bijnsdorp, Elisa Giovannetti, and Godefridus J. Peters 35 Transfection and DNA-Mediated Gene Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Davide Zecchin and Federica Di Nicolantonio Contents ix 36 Drug Design and Testing: Profiling of Antiproliferative Agents for Cancer Therapy Using a Cell-Based Methyl-[3H]- Thymidine Incorporation Assay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451 Matthew Griffiths and Hardy Sundaram 37 Feeder Layers: Co-culture with Nonneoplastic Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Celine Pourreyron, Karin J. Purdie, Stephen A. Watt, and Andrew P. South 38 Xenotransplantation of Breast Cancers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 Massimiliano Cariati, Rebecca Marlow, and Gabriela Dontu Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
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