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Campbell-Walsh Urology, 4-Volume Set PDF

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CAMPBELL-WALSH Urology Tenth Edition Editors Louis R. Kavoussi, MD, MBA Alan W. Partin, MD, PhD Chairman and Waldbaum-Gardner Distinguished Professor Professor and Director of Urology Smith Institute for Urology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Hofstra North Shore–LIJ School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland New York, New York Craig A. Peters, MD, FACS, FAAP Andrew C. Novick, MD Chief, Division of Surgical Innovation, Technology, and Chairman, Glickman Urological Institute Translation Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Principal Investigator, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Professor of Surgery Surgical Innovation Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Children’s National Medical Center; Western Reserve University Professor of Urology and Pediatrics Cleveland, Ohio The George Washington University Washington, DC CAMPBELL-WALSH Urology Tenth Edition Volume 1 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Alan J. Wein, MD, PhD (Hon), FACS Founders Professor of Urology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania; Chief of Urology Penn Medicine/University of Pennsylvania Health System Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 CAMPBELL-WALSH UROLOGY, TENTH EDITION ISBN: 978-1-1460-6911-9 INTERNATIONAL EDITION ISBN: 978-0-8089-2439-5 Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1998, 1992, 1986, 1978, 1970, 1963, 1954 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Chapter 50: Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma by Ramaprasad Srinivasan, MD, PhD, and W. Marston Linehan, MD, is in the Public Domain. Chapter 103: Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy and Pelvic Lymphadenectomy by Li-Ming Su, MD, and Joseph A. Smith, Jr., MD: Li-Ming Su retains copyright to his original figures and video. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Campbell-Walsh Urology. – 10th ed. / editor-in-chief, Alan J. Wein ; editors, Louis R. Kavoussi … [et al.]. p. ; cm. Urology Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4160-6911-9 (set : hardcover : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-0-8089-2439-5 (international ed., hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Urology. I. Wein, Alan J. II. Kavoussi, Louis R. III. Campbell, Meredith F. (Meredith Fairfax), 1894-1968. IV. Title: Urology. [DNLM: 1. Female Urogenital Diseases. 2. Male Urogenital Diseases. 3. Urology– methods. WJ 100] RC871.C33 2012 616.6–dc22 2011015024 Acquisitions Editor: Stefanie Jewell-Thomas Senior Developmental Editor: Jennifer Shreiner Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian Senior Project Manager: Kristine Feeherty Working together to grow Design Direction: Lou Forgione libraries in developing countries Printed in the United States of America www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dedication This edition of Campbell-Walsh Urology is dedicated to the memory and contributions of Andrew Carl Novick. Andy was world class in every way—as a scholar, a surgeon, an innovator, and a friend. Andy assumed the chairmanship of Urology at the Cleveland Clinic in 1985 at the age of 37 and died at the too young age of 60 from complications of lymphoma. His lifetime dream of a urologic and kidney institute at the Cleveland Clinic was realized approximately 1 month before his death, with Andy as its first director. He joined the Campbell’s editorial staff as an associate for the 8th edition, was one of the five editors of the 9th edition, and was an equal contributor in organizing and selecting the authors for this 10th edition. Andy always strove for excellence and recognized and acknowledged quality. We hope he would have been proud of this edition. Contributors Robert Abouassaly, MD, MSc Kenneth W. Angermeier, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Urology Associate Professor Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Center for Genitourinary Reconstruction Urologic Oncologist Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute Urologic Institute Cleveland Clinic University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio Cleveland, Ohio Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, MD Paul Abrams, MD Assistant Professor of Oncology Professor, Department of Urology Department of Medical Oncology Bristol Urologic Institute Johns Hopkins University; Southmead Hospital Attending Physician, Department of Medical Oncology Bristol, United Kingdom Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at John Hopkins Baltimore, Maryland Mark C. Adams, MD, FAAP Dean G. Assimos, MD Professor, Department of Urology and Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Professor of Surgical Sciences Division of Pediatric Urology Department of Urology Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Nashville, Tennessee Attending Physician, Department of Urology Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Ashok Agarwal, PhD Winston-Salem, North Carolina Professor of Surgery Anthony Atala, MD Department of Urology Case Western Reserve University; W. Boyce Professor and Chair Director of Andrology Department of Urology Director, Center for Reproductive Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Department of Urology Director, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Cleveland Clinic Winston Salem, North Carolina Cleveland, Ohio Darius J. Bägli, MDCM, FRCSC, FAAP, FACS Mohamad E. Allaf, MD Professor, Department of Surgery Associate Professor, Departments of Urology, Oncology, and Division of Urology and Institute of Medical Science Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto; Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Senior Attending Urologist Director of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Associate Surgeon-in-Chief Johns Hopkins Hospital The Hospital for Sick Children; Baltimore, Maryland Director of Urology Research Senior Associate Scientist James Kyle Anderson, MD Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute Assistant Professor, Department of Urologic Surgery Toronto, Ontario, Canada University of Minnesota; Staff Urologist, Department of Urologic Surgery John Maynard Barry, MD VA Medical Center Minneapolis, Minnesota Professor Emeritus of Surgery Divisions of Urology and Abdominal Organ Transplantation Karl-Erik Andersson, MD, PhD The Oregon Health and Science University; Staff Surgeon Professor, Department of Urology University Hospital and Doenbecher Children’s Hospital; Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Consultant, Surgery Professor, Institute for Regenerative Medicine Veterans Affairs Medical Center Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Portland, Oregon Winston Salem, North Carolina vii viii CONTRIBUTORS Julia Spencer Barthold, MD David M. Berman, MD, PhD Professor of Urology and Pediatrics Associate Professor, Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Jefferson Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Urology Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Associate Chief and Head of Urology Research Laboratory Attending Pathologist Department of Surgery/Urology Johns Hopkins Hospital Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children; Baltimore, Maryland Head, Urology Laboratory Nemours Biomedical Research Sam B. Bhayani, MD Wilmington, Delaware Associate Professor, Department of Surgery Co-Director of Robotic Surgery Stuart B. Bauer, MD Division of Urologic Surgery Professor of Surgery (Urology) Washington University School of Medicine Harvard Medical School; St. Louis, Missouri Senior Associate in Urology Jay Todd Bishoff, MD, FACS Children’s Hospital Boston Boston, Massachusetts Clinical Professor of Surgery Department of Urology Clair J. Beard, MD University of Utah School of Medicine; Director, Intermountain Urological Institute Director, Testicular Cancer Center Intermountain Healthcare; Department of Radiation Oncology Director, Department of Urology Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s LDS Hospital Hospital Salt Lake City, Utah; Boston, Massachusetts Director, Department of Urology Intermountain Medical Center Arie S. Belldegrun, MD Murray, Utah Roy and Carol Doumani Chair in Urologic Oncology Professor and Chief, Urologic Oncology Michael L. Blute, Sr., MD Director, Institute of Urologic Oncology Professor, Department of Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Mary C. DeFeudis Chair, Cancer Care and Research Department of Urology University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical School; Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center Director, Cancer Center of Excellence Los Angeles, California Interim Chief, Department of Urology UMass Memorial Medical Center Mitchell C. Benson, MD Worcester, Massachusetts Herbert & Florence Irving and George F. Cahill Professor and Chair Joseph G. Borer, MD Department of Urology Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Harvard Medical School; Urologist-in-Chief, Department of Urology Assistant in Urology New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Department of Urology Center Children’s Hospital Boston New York, New York Boston, Massachusetts Brian M. Benway, MD George J. Bosl, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery Professor, Department of Medicine Division of Urologic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College; Washington University School of Medicine Chair, Department of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, New York Ryan Kent Berglund, MD Charles B. Brendler, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Division of Urology Reserve University University of Chicago Medical Center Cleveland Clinic Chicago, Illinois; Cleveland, Ohio Vice Chairman, Research and Development Department of Surgery North Shore University Health System Evanston, Illinois CONTRIBUTORS ix Gregory A. Broderick, MD Michael C. Carr, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Urology Associate Professor, Department of Urology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; University of Pennyslvania School of Medicine; Consultant, Department of Urology Attending Surgeon, Division of Pediatric Urology Mayo Clinic The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Jacksonville, Florida Philadelphia, Pennsylvania James D. Brooks, MD Peter R. Carroll, MD, MPH Associate Professor, Department of Urology Professor and Chair, Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco Stanford, California UCSF Medical Center San Francisco, California Arthur L. Burnett, MD, MBA, FACS Herbert Ballentine Carter, MD Patrick C. Walsh Professor of Urology Department of Urology Professor, Departments of Urology and Oncology Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Baltimore, Maryland Jeffrey A. Cadeddu, MD Anthony J. Casale, MD Professor, Departments of Urology and Radiology Professor and Chairman, Department of Urology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center University of Louisville; Dallas, Texas Chief of Urology Kosair Children’s Hospital; Anthony A. Caldamone, MD, MMS, FAAP, FACS Chief of Urology and Surgery (Urology) University of Louisville Hospital Professor of Surgery (Urology) and Pediatrics Louisville, Kentucky Division of Urology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Pasquale Casale, MD Rhode Island Hospital; Head of Pediatric Urology Assistant Professor, Department of Urology Hasbro Children’s Hospital University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Providence, Rhode Island Attending Surgeon, Division of Pediatric Urology The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Steven C. Campbell, MD, PhD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Professor of Surgery William J. Catalona, MD Department of Urology Cleveland Clinic Lerner of College of Medicine at Case Western Professor, Department of Urology Reserve University; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Professor of Surgery Director, Clinical Prostate Cancer Program Director, Urology Residency Program Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Vice Chairman, Urology Northwestern Memorial Hospital Center for Urologic Oncology Chicago, Illinois Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio R. Duane Cespedes, MD Associate Professor, Department of Urology Douglas A. Canning, MD Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Professor, Department of Urology Co-Director, Women’s Center for Pelvic Health University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute Director, Division of Pediatric Urology Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Baltimore, Maryland Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Michael B. Chancellor, MD Michael A. Carducci, MD Clinical Professor, Department of Urology AEGON Professor in Prostate Cancer Research Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine; Departments of Oncology and Urology Director, Neurourology Program Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins William Beaumont Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Royal Oak, Michigan x CONTRIBUTORS Christopher R. Chapple, MD, FRCS (Urol), FEBU Michael Joseph Conlin, MD, FACS Honorary Professor, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing Associate Professor of Urology Sheffield Hallam University; Department of Surgery Honorary Senior Lecturer of Urology Oregon Health & Science University University of Sheffield; Portland, Oregon Consultant Urological Surgeon Department of Urology Raymond A. Costabile, MD Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Strategy Sheffield, United Kingdom; Professor, Department of Urology Adjunct Secretary General for Education University of Virginia European Association of Urology Charlottesville, Virginia Arnhem, The Netherlands Paul L. Crispen, MD Christopher J. Chermansky, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery Assistant Professor, Department of Urology Division of Urology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center University of Kentucky New Orleans School of Medicine Lexington, Kentucky New Orleans, Louisiana Juanita M. Crook, MD, FRCPC Robert L. Chevalier, MD Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology Harrison Professor of Pediatrics University of British Columbia; Department of Pediatrics Active Medical Staff University of Virginia; Department of Radiation Oncology Pediatric Nephrologist Kelowna General Hospital; University of Virginia Health System Radiation Oncologist Charlottesville, Virginia British Columbia Cancer Agency Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada George K. Chow, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Urology Douglas M. Dahl, MD Consultant in Urology Assistant Professor of Surgery (Urology) Mayo Clinic Harvard Medical School; Rochester, Minnesota Associate Urologist Massachusetts General Hospital Jeanne S. Chow, MD Boston, Massachusetts Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology Harvard Medical School; Anthony V. D’Amico, MD, PhD Pediatric Radiologist Professor and Chief, Genitourinary Radiation Oncology Children’s Hospital Boston Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Boston, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts Benjamin I. Chung, MD John W. Davis, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Urology Assistant Professor, Department of Urology Stanford University School of Medicine; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Director, Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery Houston, Texas Department of Urology Stanford Hospital and Clinics G. Joel DeCastro, MD, MPH Stanford, California Assistant Professor, Department of Urology Ralph V. Clayman, MD Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York, New York Dean, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine Professor, Department of Urology John D. Denstedt, MD, FRCSC, FACS University of California, Irvine; Professor, Department of Urology Richard Ivey Professor and Chair, Department of Surgery UC Irvine Medical Center Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry Orange, California The University of Western Ontario Professor, Department of Urology Richard Ivey Professor and Chair, Division of Urology Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Surgery Long Beach, California London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph’s Health Care London London, Ontario, Canada

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