Campbell-Walsh Urology, 4-Volume Set

2016·86.46 MB·English

CAMPBELL-WALSH
Urology
Tenth Edition
Editors
Louis R. Kavoussi, MD, MBA Alan W. Partin, MD, PhD
Chairman and Waldbaum-Gardner Distinguished Professor Professor and Director of Urology
Smith Institute for Urology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Hofstra North Shore–LIJ School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland
New York, New York
Craig A. Peters, MD, FACS, FAAP
Andrew C. Novick, MD
Chief, Division of Surgical Innovation, Technology, and
Chairman, Glickman Urological Institute Translation
Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Principal Investigator, Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric
Professor of Surgery Surgical Innovation
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Children’s National Medical Center;
Western Reserve University Professor of Urology and Pediatrics
Cleveland, Ohio The George Washington University
Washington, DC
CAMPBELL-WALSH
Urology
Tenth Edition
Volume 1
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Alan J. Wein, MD, PhD (Hon), FACS
Founders Professor of Urology
Perelman School of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania;
Chief of Urology
Penn Medicine/University of Pennsylvania Health System
Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
CAMPBELL-WALSH UROLOGY, TENTH EDITION ISBN: 978-1-1460-6911-9
INTERNATIONAL EDITION ISBN: 978-0-8089-2439-5
Copyright © 2012, 2007, 2002, 1998, 1992, 1986, 1978, 1970, 1963, 1954 by
Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Chapter 50: Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma by Ramaprasad Srinivasan, MD,
PhD, and W. Marston Linehan, MD, is in the Public Domain.
Chapter 103: Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy and Pelvic
Lymphadenectomy by Li-Ming Su, MD, and Joseph A. Smith, Jr., MD: Li-Ming Su retains
copyright to his original figures and video.
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices,
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Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Campbell-Walsh Urology. – 10th ed. / editor-in-chief, Alan J. Wein ; editors, Louis R. Kavoussi
… [et al.].
p. ; cm.
Urology
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4160-6911-9 (set : hardcover : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-0-8089-2439-5 (international
ed., hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Urology. I. Wein, Alan J. II. Kavoussi, Louis R.
III. Campbell, Meredith F. (Meredith Fairfax), 1894-1968. IV. Title: Urology.
[DNLM: 1. Female Urogenital Diseases. 2. Male Urogenital Diseases. 3. Urology–
methods. WJ 100]
RC871.C33 2012
616.6–dc22
2011015024
Acquisitions Editor: Stefanie Jewell-Thomas
Senior Developmental Editor: Jennifer Shreiner
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian
Senior Project Manager: Kristine Feeherty Working together to grow
Design Direction: Lou Forgione libraries in developing countries
Printed in the United States of America www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
This edition of Campbell-Walsh Urology is dedicated to the memory and contributions of Andrew Carl Novick. Andy was world
class in every way—as a scholar, a surgeon, an innovator, and a friend. Andy assumed the chairmanship of Urology at the
Cleveland Clinic in 1985 at the age of 37 and died at the too young age of 60 from complications of lymphoma. His lifetime
dream of a urologic and kidney institute at the Cleveland Clinic was realized approximately 1 month before his death, with
Andy as its first director. He joined the Campbell’s editorial staff as an associate for the 8th edition, was one of the five editors
of the 9th edition, and was an equal contributor in organizing and selecting the authors for this 10th edition. Andy always
strove for excellence and recognized and acknowledged quality. We hope he would have been proud of this edition.
Contributors
Robert Abouassaly, MD, MSc Kenneth W. Angermeier, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Urology Associate Professor
Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Center for Genitourinary Reconstruction
Urologic Oncologist Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute
Urologic Institute Cleveland Clinic
University Hospitals Case Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio
Cleveland, Ohio
Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, MD
Paul Abrams, MD
Assistant Professor of Oncology
Professor, Department of Urology Department of Medical Oncology
Bristol Urologic Institute Johns Hopkins University;
Southmead Hospital Attending Physician, Department of Medical Oncology
Bristol, United Kingdom Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at John Hopkins
Baltimore, Maryland
Mark C. Adams, MD, FAAP
Dean G. Assimos, MD
Professor, Department of Urology and Pediatrics
Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Professor of Surgical Sciences
Division of Pediatric Urology Department of Urology
Monroe Carell Jr. Children’s Hospital at Vanderbilt Wake Forest University School of Medicine;
Nashville, Tennessee Attending Physician, Department of Urology
Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Ashok Agarwal, PhD Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Professor of Surgery
Anthony Atala, MD
Department of Urology
Case Western Reserve University; W. Boyce Professor and Chair
Director of Andrology Department of Urology
Director, Center for Reproductive Medicine Wake Forest University School of Medicine;
Department of Urology Director, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Winston Salem, North Carolina
Cleveland, Ohio
Darius J. Bägli, MDCM, FRCSC, FAAP, FACS
Mohamad E. Allaf, MD
Professor, Department of Surgery
Associate Professor, Departments of Urology, Oncology, and Division of Urology and Institute of Medical Science
Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto;
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions; Senior Attending Urologist
Director of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Surgery Associate Surgeon-in-Chief
Johns Hopkins Hospital The Hospital for Sick Children;
Baltimore, Maryland Director of Urology Research
Senior Associate Scientist
James Kyle Anderson, MD Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology
The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute
Assistant Professor, Department of Urologic Surgery
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
University of Minnesota;
Staff Urologist, Department of Urologic Surgery
John Maynard Barry, MD
VA Medical Center
Minneapolis, Minnesota Professor Emeritus of Surgery
Divisions of Urology and Abdominal Organ Transplantation
Karl-Erik Andersson, MD, PhD The Oregon Health and Science University;
Staff Surgeon
Professor, Department of Urology
University Hospital and Doenbecher Children’s Hospital;
Wake Forest University School of Medicine;
Consultant, Surgery
Professor, Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center
Portland, Oregon
Winston Salem, North Carolina
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Julia Spencer Barthold, MD David M. Berman, MD, PhD
Professor of Urology and Pediatrics Associate Professor, Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and
Jefferson Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Urology
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine;
Associate Chief and Head of Urology Research Laboratory Attending Pathologist
Department of Surgery/Urology Johns Hopkins Hospital
Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children; Baltimore, Maryland
Head, Urology Laboratory
Nemours Biomedical Research Sam B. Bhayani, MD
Wilmington, Delaware
Associate Professor, Department of Surgery
Co-Director of Robotic Surgery
Stuart B. Bauer, MD
Division of Urologic Surgery
Professor of Surgery (Urology) Washington University School of Medicine
Harvard Medical School; St. Louis, Missouri
Senior Associate in Urology
Jay Todd Bishoff, MD, FACS
Children’s Hospital Boston
Boston, Massachusetts Clinical Professor of Surgery
Department of Urology
Clair J. Beard, MD University of Utah School of Medicine;
Director, Intermountain Urological Institute
Director, Testicular Cancer Center
Intermountain Healthcare;
Department of Radiation Oncology
Director, Department of Urology
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women’s
LDS Hospital
Hospital
Salt Lake City, Utah;
Boston, Massachusetts
Director, Department of Urology
Intermountain Medical Center
Arie S. Belldegrun, MD
Murray, Utah
Roy and Carol Doumani Chair in Urologic Oncology
Professor and Chief, Urologic Oncology Michael L. Blute, Sr., MD
Director, Institute of Urologic Oncology
Professor, Department of Surgery
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA;
Mary C. DeFeudis Chair, Cancer Care and Research
Department of Urology
University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical School;
Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center
Director, Cancer Center of Excellence
Los Angeles, California
Interim Chief, Department of Urology
UMass Memorial Medical Center
Mitchell C. Benson, MD
Worcester, Massachusetts
Herbert & Florence Irving and George F. Cahill Professor
and Chair Joseph G. Borer, MD
Department of Urology
Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons;
Harvard Medical School;
Urologist-in-Chief, Department of Urology
Assistant in Urology
New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical
Department of Urology
Center
Children’s Hospital Boston
New York, New York
Boston, Massachusetts
Brian M. Benway, MD George J. Bosl, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery Professor, Department of Medicine
Division of Urologic Surgery Weill Cornell Medical College;
Washington University School of Medicine Chair, Department of Medicine
St. Louis, Missouri Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
New York, New York
Ryan Kent Berglund, MD
Charles B. Brendler, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Division of Urology
Reserve University University of Chicago Medical Center
Cleveland Clinic Chicago, Illinois;
Cleveland, Ohio Vice Chairman, Research and Development
Department of Surgery
North Shore University Health System
Evanston, Illinois
CONTRIBUTORS ix
Gregory A. Broderick, MD Michael C. Carr, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Urology Associate Professor, Department of Urology
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; University of Pennyslvania School of Medicine;
Consultant, Department of Urology Attending Surgeon, Division of Pediatric Urology
Mayo Clinic The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Jacksonville, Florida Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
James D. Brooks, MD Peter R. Carroll, MD, MPH
Associate Professor, Department of Urology Professor and Chair, Department of Urology
Stanford University School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco
Stanford, California UCSF Medical Center
San Francisco, California
Arthur L. Burnett, MD, MBA, FACS
Herbert Ballentine Carter, MD
Patrick C. Walsh Professor of Urology
Department of Urology Professor, Departments of Urology and Oncology
Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland Baltimore, Maryland
Jeffrey A. Cadeddu, MD Anthony J. Casale, MD
Professor, Departments of Urology and Radiology Professor and Chairman, Department of Urology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center University of Louisville;
Dallas, Texas Chief of Urology
Kosair Children’s Hospital;
Anthony A. Caldamone, MD, MMS, FAAP, FACS Chief of Urology and Surgery (Urology)
University of Louisville Hospital
Professor of Surgery (Urology) and Pediatrics
Louisville, Kentucky
Division of Urology
Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Pasquale Casale, MD
Rhode Island Hospital;
Head of Pediatric Urology Assistant Professor, Department of Urology
Hasbro Children’s Hospital University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine;
Providence, Rhode Island Attending Surgeon, Division of Pediatric Urology
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
Steven C. Campbell, MD, PhD Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Professor of Surgery
William J. Catalona, MD
Department of Urology
Cleveland Clinic Lerner of College of Medicine at Case Western Professor, Department of Urology
Reserve University; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine;
Professor of Surgery Director, Clinical Prostate Cancer Program
Director, Urology Residency Program Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center
Vice Chairman, Urology Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Center for Urologic Oncology Chicago, Illinois
Cleveland Clinic
Cleveland, Ohio R. Duane Cespedes, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Urology
Douglas A. Canning, MD
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine;
Professor, Department of Urology Co-Director, Women’s Center for Pelvic Health
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute
Director, Division of Pediatric Urology Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Baltimore, Maryland
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Michael B. Chancellor, MD
Michael A. Carducci, MD
Clinical Professor, Department of Urology
AEGON Professor in Prostate Cancer Research Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine;
Departments of Oncology and Urology Director, Neurourology Program
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins William Beaumont Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland Royal Oak, Michigan
x CONTRIBUTORS
Christopher R. Chapple, MD, FRCS (Urol), FEBU Michael Joseph Conlin, MD, FACS
Honorary Professor, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing Associate Professor of Urology
Sheffield Hallam University; Department of Surgery
Honorary Senior Lecturer of Urology Oregon Health & Science University
University of Sheffield; Portland, Oregon
Consultant Urological Surgeon
Department of Urology Raymond A. Costabile, MD
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Strategy
Sheffield, United Kingdom;
Professor, Department of Urology
Adjunct Secretary General for Education
University of Virginia
European Association of Urology
Charlottesville, Virginia
Arnhem, The Netherlands
Paul L. Crispen, MD
Christopher J. Chermansky, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery
Assistant Professor, Department of Urology
Division of Urology
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
University of Kentucky
New Orleans School of Medicine
Lexington, Kentucky
New Orleans, Louisiana
Juanita M. Crook, MD, FRCPC
Robert L. Chevalier, MD
Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology
Harrison Professor of Pediatrics
University of British Columbia;
Department of Pediatrics
Active Medical Staff
University of Virginia;
Department of Radiation Oncology
Pediatric Nephrologist
Kelowna General Hospital;
University of Virginia Health System
Radiation Oncologist
Charlottesville, Virginia
British Columbia Cancer Agency
Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
George K. Chow, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Urology Douglas M. Dahl, MD
Consultant in Urology
Assistant Professor of Surgery (Urology)
Mayo Clinic
Harvard Medical School;
Rochester, Minnesota
Associate Urologist
Massachusetts General Hospital
Jeanne S. Chow, MD
Boston, Massachusetts
Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology
Harvard Medical School; Anthony V. D’Amico, MD, PhD
Pediatric Radiologist
Professor and Chief, Genitourinary Radiation Oncology
Children’s Hospital Boston
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts
Boston, Massachusetts
Benjamin I. Chung, MD
John W. Davis, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Urology
Assistant Professor, Department of Urology
Stanford University School of Medicine;
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Director, Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive Urologic Surgery
Houston, Texas
Department of Urology
Stanford Hospital and Clinics
G. Joel DeCastro, MD, MPH
Stanford, California
Assistant Professor, Department of Urology
Ralph V. Clayman, MD Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, New York
Dean, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine
Professor, Department of Urology
John D. Denstedt, MD, FRCSC, FACS
University of California, Irvine;
Professor, Department of Urology Richard Ivey Professor and Chair, Department of Surgery
UC Irvine Medical Center Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry
Orange, California The University of Western Ontario
Professor, Department of Urology Richard Ivey Professor and Chair, Division of Urology
Long Beach Veterans Administration Hospital Department of Surgery
Long Beach, California London Health Sciences Centre and St. Joseph’s Health Care
London
London, Ontario, Canada