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Paleulus Mode Easy. Wetarpara Soytashn TO DELIVER YOU"YROM THE PRELIMINARY TERRORS, « Tue pretininery terror, which chokes off most fifth- form boys from even attempting to learn how to calculate, oan be abolished once for all by simply stating what is the meaning—in commort-sense terms—of the two principal symbole thet are used in ealeulsting. These draadful aymbols aro: Q) d_ which merely means "2 little bit of,” Thus dz means a little bit of w, or dé means a little bit of = Ordinary mathematicians think it ri®¥elpolit® to sey “an elemont of,” instead of “ a Kittle bit of.” Just o& you please. But you will find thet these little bite (or elementa) may bo wonsidered to be indefbitaly small. (2) {. whioh 1 morely long 8, aed may bealled if you like) “the sum of.” Thus few means the sum of all the Hitle bits of a, or far. means tho exp of all the litle bits of te Ordinary mathematicians call this aymbol “ the, OR a CALCULUS MADE EASY integral of" Now’ anp fool oan see that if @ ia considered bs made up of & lot jftittle hhits, each of whiele ig called dw, if you Por all up together you get the sum of af the dis, ‘Givhich i the same thing as thewhole of a). Tih “fhtegral” ainiply means “the whole.” «If you! of thebguration of time for one hour, you f you like) think of it aa cut up into 3600 hijtls led seconds. The whole of the 8600 little bits pap togethor make one hour. + Whensyon dee an expressionsthag begins with this terrifying symbol, you will henowfprth know that it is put thero merely to give you, inatrnetions that you are now to perform the operation’ (if you can) of tutalling up all the little bits that gpm indicated by theaytibols that follow, ‘That's all, GMEPTER IT ON DIFFERENSMEGREES OF SMALLNESS. We shall find thai fijour processes of caleulation sve have to deal with mivfall quantities of various degrees of smallness, = We shall have diyito learn under what circumstances imal quantities to be so minute thing ape rélative minuteness. fy rillea let ue think of me sunt case, There are 60 minutes in the hour, 24 hours in the day, 7 days in the week. There are th@efore PM40 whinutes in the day and 10080 minutes in the week. Obviously 1 minute is a very enfall quantity of time compared with a whole week. Indeed, our foretuthers considered tt small ag corapared, wit hour, and called it “tne minite,” méaning a minute fraction—namely one sixtieth—of an hour, When they came to require stil] smaller eubdivisions of timo, thoy divided each minute into 60 atill smaller parts, whieh, in Queen Elizabeth's days, they ealled “secopd: mindtes” (ie, mall quantities of the’second ordor of minuteness). Nowadays we call these small quantities