Cain and Beowulf: A Study in Secular Allegory

64 Pages·1982·2.862 MB·English

by  Williams, David

o A v LIAI Mo s i swc hIa iLro mfta hDnee partomfEe nngtl MicsGhi,l l
University.
Caitnhi,en augoufsr oactdioiarsl h arbmloonoyda,sn heden dm,ai mtoyn g
menac, o mmonopfml eadcieee xveagle ttriacdaiihlste ieroxena ,m ibnye d
DrW illtioai mlsl umtihnmeae ttea puhsooerft i hcfe i giuntr hepe o em
Beowulf.
Thper ogeonfti htreoa roc fea lmlo nstrousC acibrnee qauteuartehss,
toh idse scenhdiaosnw tnms o rsailg niftihcuGasrn ecnead;ne hdli s
mothtehgrei, a anntadslm ,li sbegcortetaetnu roents h aecn atrir-ys ocial
crushaebd eeg wainth hifr sa triactitdoaancAl kb eIlnB. e owuslfo,c ial
dissepnesrisobonen,ra ela vienmteenrtn,e cinet hfadele olsf t ruction,
natiaorntesh ,pe r e-emtihneemanentsad r per e-emienxepnrtelsys ed
throtuhgfiehg uorfCe a iCna:ie nx plaistc hiaetn ceosfGt roern adnedl
implaistc hisetp irfaitthuoeafarl l v li olmeennTt.h faen taasnttdih ce
historicala,n tdth ahete e mtpeaomrrlpeaio lnrt,kah elrd o tuhpgeoh e m's
pecuallilaergu osroeifC c aaihlni ,m sbeolthfhi stosrcirciapaltn,uad r al,
fantadsitsifci giuntrh eleme egnoetftn hde monsters.
ThBee owuplfo euts etdhe ex egettriacdatilodt eisocntr hiaebn et i­
socfoiracalem omnegn fo,r giwnigtb,hi blfiigcuaarlnem dso rtarlu atnh s,
allewghoiricyssh e cuilnta hfreu lmleedsitse evnasle .
DAVIDW ILLIAMS
Caiann Bde owulf:
AS tuidnSy e cuAllalre gory
UNIVERSITOYF TORONTOP RESS
TorontBou ffaLloon don
© UniveorfTs oirtoyPn rte1os9 s8 2
ToroBnutfofa Lloon don
PrinitCnea dn ada
ISB0N- 8020-5519-2
Tot hmee moorfy
Elliot aWnAidnl nlHaio awmaWsri dl liams
CanadCiaatanl ogiunPi unbgl icDaattiao n
WilliDaamv1si9d,3, 9 -
CaiannB de owulf
Bibliography
Incliunddeesx .
ISB0N- 8020-5519-2
1.Beowu2lO.fl .Ed n glpiotser-hyC ritaincdism
interpr3eS.ty amtbiooilnlni.i s tme rature.
IT.itle.
PR1585.W852499 .3 C81-094507-X
Thiel lusotnpr aagiteisi ,ho onw Cianikgni lAlbienilfrgs,o mam anuscript of
StA ugusDteCi invei DteaiPt,ea rBiisb,l iontahteiqomunsfrea 2 l2e9,f1 93l,v .
Acknowledgments Contents
Iw oullidtk oee x prmeygs rsa ttiott huHedu em anGirtaiCneotsm mittee ACKNOWLEDGMENTvSi
oft hFea cuolfGt rya duSattueda ineRdse seaorfMc chG iUlnli versity,
whogseen esruopupsmo ardtteh w er itoift nhbgio sop ko ssIiw bilsteho.
thaenskp ecmiyca ollllye PargoufeessDs,oo nraBslo du chCa.Ar bdb,o tt 1
ConwaanyBd,e njaFm.Wi ene mfosrr, e adtihmneag n usacnrmdia pkti ng Introd3u ction
mansyu bstsaungtgieasaltn Vidao lnesnM,ta itnsaaw nhgpoor se,p tahree d
typescript. 2
Publiocfta htbiiosoo wnka msa dpeo ssbiyab g lreafr notmt hCea na­ TheC aiTnr adi1t9i on
diaFne derfoartt ihHoeun m aniutsiifenusgn,p d rso vbiydt ehSdeo cial
ScieanncHdeu sm anRietsieeaCsro cuhno cfCi aln aadnaad,g rafrnotm 3
thAen drWe.Mw e llFoonu ndtaott hiUeon ni veorfTs oiortnytP or ess. ThPeo ePtriecs aentndht F ea buMloodu4se0
DAY IDW ILLIAMS 4
ThDei gresPsaitsohtnr soA:ul glhu Fsuitotunhr,re o Purgohp h7e1cy
5
Concl9u4sion
NOTES1 01
BIBOLGIRAPH1Y 11
INDEX1 17
CAINA ND BEOWULF:
A STUDYI NS ECULARA LLEGORY
1
Introduction
Thep ressetnaottfB e e owsuclfh olaworusslhedie ptm oi nditchaet e
genearcacle pottfah ncecr eip triicnatclhi mapetld ei leivtaelmr uastbtue r e
seeinint cso ntoefLx att in-Cihnrtieslttlrieaacndt itutobai ealo n nasl ysed
anadp precpiraotpeeIdrti l sty,h. e pne,r hiarpostn hiasctu cwhi de
accepotfaac nrciept riicnahclai lspet ldone og readteegorrfc e oen sensus
ont hmee anoiBfne go wourilf ts st rucImttau byret e o.ho a sact oyn clusion
thsautcl hao cfak g reedmeemnotn stthrfaeai tloeuftrs he pe r inictispellef ,
anwde m anye etdol ooakti t asp plication.
Thper esdeinstc uosBfse ioowrnue lflh ieeasvo intl hLyea tin-Christian
tradbiethitiohnnped o ebmun to utp otnht eh eoleoxgpirceaoslfts hiaotn
tradCiutlitocunor.na toleb xvti oiunscllnyuo doten stl hyte h eolbougti cal
altshoge e neertahlip coalli,at niadce aslt,foh remttsih caa rtpe r,o perly
speaksiencgue,lv aeirnnt hmei ddalgeeA sl.b ienti htpa etr pieordh aps
morteh ainno thetrhse,oo lftoegpnyr ovaindi enst erpforret thaetsieo n
formIsnt. h liasr sgeenrts heei,int as, r ghueetrdhe Ba eto wiuvslfe mruyc h
ap rodoufic tttsi maet ,i moefl ingiedreionlgco ogniflcainacodltft he
inseet cruiruomftp hnhee swo cviiasloi fCo hnr istianity.
Perhtahpbese setx amopflt ehd ei fficuelntcyo unitnve ireewdi ng
Beowauslfa lleigsto obr eyfo unidnt hsee misntauldo ifMe asr garet
GoldsamnCidht ahr Dloensa 1hB uoetG.ho ldsamnDidot nha ahgurete hea t
thdee finiintfliuvoeenBn ecoew aunlftd h peo ectoiorctfe h peo eamrt ebo e
founidnt hCeh riisnttiealntl reacdtibutuaditlio sna,ge rnietise m mmedi­
atleayp pawrheenenta caht tetmodp etssc trhitabrtea daintiditp oson e tic
exrpessDioonna.rh iugeoh btjletych ttahstae l legaonrailbcyrasoliut sgo h t
beuapro tnhp eo ebmyG oldslmeiahtdehtsr oa n egaitnitveer porfe tation
thceh aroaBfce toewrdu ilffifct usolu ts tilnai iogntfh htte e axntld e aadss ,
weltloaq, u estiionntaebrlpeor fte htceah tuiroacnth t'istt ouwdaterh des
4C aiannB de owulf 5I ntrond uctio
pagpaansE tq.u arlilgGyho tl,d sombijtethcoD t osn ahaupep'lsi ocfa tion middagleeis nl teog enmdaatratynei drts ob efo unidna reaasfas rfr om
typologicala sii nnatpeprrptoro�ple rbltiu asattct ireoi npt teuxartnasdl, scietnhteiofalisloc ig tye rtahvteiu srauera,tll sa ,aw n,hd i stWohriyil.te
shotwhsha itas n aliydseinstt hipefo ieevtsi' eoswf t hpea assto nteh at mabye a dmitthttaehtdte r adoifCt aiioannsm etapihnto hsree rvoifc e
seetmos c boen tratdoti hcpetr oersye nitnta hpteoi eomn itself.
sevecruallta unridan lt elsltercutcuitasnul or cteo sn tratdoit chteo ry
Goldsmeixtche'lpsle ernctei pntttihoone na toufrt ehp eo esme ems origeixneaglei tnitcearlpo rfCe atiasnti'igson ni fiiitacs la nsnooct ee,w or­
somewmhaartrb eywd h at atpopb eeha erersf fordte,sp hietorew n thtyh aaset m ploiymnee dd ileavtwah tler adiinsto niteo cne sssuabrjielcyt
warningi tta,odg iasicnaocs voten rs iasnttdee cnhtn iecrafalellclyte gory
� tot hsea mceo nstarsaa rifaenc tebsdya t heolworgiiTtcheauerls .o e ft he
itnh teh eolsoegniOscneace.la a ng rweheo le-heahretsree dnolsfye with tradiisht,oi woenwv heert,ih lnea orwri lni teratuhriegd,hi ldayal cwtaiycs
litearlalreiygBn oe royw u'lfA:l letgoto hresysc eh o[lBaeredstae l,w] a s anedt hiacntadhl ee,t hciocdaieils d enwtiittchhaoa lftt h eolnoagmye,l y
noatl iteforramrb,yu ti,nt hceo nvepnhireaanstde o pbtyeA dn gus
ChriestthiTiahcnus ts.h e dihsetriitneshc wathtii oClnhe r itshteioalno g­
Flet'ca'hs eyrm,bm ooldieoct'f h'i nakniwdnr gi tIiit_snq gu.ic tl�eefr aom icsacli ehnaicsne fo rmelde gtoehfCne ad i intu,ss b eyt hBee owpuoliefst
thweo rIkh sa vjeuq suto ttehtdah te wraens o t heorseetpiacraoalft ion
notth eoliotngh isecc ailes netnibsfueiat,lc i teursoaefcr uyl tluergaeln d
symbaonaldl leagnao lrlye;g woorrwikacs sai lm opnliywn h itchhew ras
� � deritvhsiean mgee t hliecsasRloe ng.a rodfhl oewwse is n tetrhppero eett 's
ag redaetoa flh iddoeron b scmuera�neng c o_vne�dy pma raebmlgema, attittouwdaetr hdpesa gpaans at p,r obelsesme nttoti hapelo em's
provoerar lbm mo!Ysk ti nofdm etaphoortn rcoa�tmlac� t een,'2tB .u �te r meaniiitnns go n,te cestsdoai rsycfo orvi enrs,t aal nicbete,hr eaollo ofg ian
purostfuh iaetl legtohnecemavele,o n na esg enearsma alsns tr�uw gigtlh theei gchetnht ausar nay u thfoortrihp teoy e vti'e5s w .
si'sn e etmots u qruni ciknaltd yoe scroifapfo trimoaanll l eogfso irmyp le
Theretfohrpeer esaennatl oyfts hiaesl legqourailocifBat elyo wulf
cor'respontdhaeacntcc oefuson hrte osrp tfoirnt ghi en terporfte htea tion
emphastihhzeie sst oarni'dc aalll egdoirmiecnaoslvi'eot rnh soe t her
poemp'rse -Chhreirsaotsfi i naansl ilnyaf nufdll awIetid sp. e rhaps
tradilteivooenftla hstle r opolaonagdni acgaolTg hiiecsma plh.ai stisse lf
Goldsmdietshti'orfis en tdh kiisn odfa llegcoorrirceaslp aonndd ence
refletchvteis et whi aBnte owwuela frd ee alniowntig tfo hr mfoaulr -level
histoarciccuarrlaa ctyth,he artn hp eo eitn'asb itlhialttey ah,de tro
� allebguowtri ytt hhm eo rues ulailt eforramor fty h tew o-level structure,
concl'uTdhpeeo: t eonftt hiaeam lb itdieosiuinssgo nfut l lrye ahtzheed ;
histaonradyl legoortr hyle,i taenrtdah lse y mboTlhieac n.a lytical
poebtr,i llsiuacnctealsshys ei f asutt l h ger emaotm endtosen,soa tlways
, treatomfte htnert o poliont hgaiilscl aelg poartiticresaern ll altiiigvnhet l y
corrheil"sah ties tomraitceaarnlihd"ai m lsa ny-faacleltee3gd o ry.
compawriittshhooe nt h'elre vbeelcsai'utp ssre e sietnnh cpeeo eimss e en
Iafl lecgaobnret y a kaessn a yoinntegh itnomg a na ntyh ionrga,ss ,
� 1:1 asp roportliiognThahttep.e r leys deinstc uissss iiloaenbn ottu hte
AnguFsl ethcahdsee rs criit'b,se ady oinntegh mmg o redrt om ean
_ anagolgeivcbeaellc aiutss eee tmhsta htpe o eitse quaslillyTe hnet .
sometbheiynotgnh doa ntte h i'4n wgem, a yb ea btloed escBnebowulf
� concloufts hiiionsnv estiitsgh atathttie eo ixntt s cealnfnb oetaafu r l ly
genearsaa lnal lyl epgroersyeh nitsitnroger aitlchiasatltty a in�ad nsa logy develfooupre-dlr,ee vaedalin ntdgh r,ee cheinstot cfor riypt riocbaillne ms
too thneorn -hirsetaolrBiietcoiawelaus sal. lf l esgaooyrnsyte h magb out
Beowsuclhfo lwaoruslhdit pcos oererm otbhoirsa tvei ew.
tiamseh istaonmrdey a mnasn oyt htehri anbgostu itam est ranshistorical
Thpee rsptehciattstia vkehe enri ets h Baeto wiuaslp fo em tahbeou t
truTthheo. n mee anionfcg o,u rdsoeen,so c to ntrtahdoeit chten rd,
� human-csooncdiibatoliu onbndyt e hdte r oopfte isam esh istaontrdiy m e
indteheed tcwoom palreem beuntth atirshyte,'o arciccuatrlha macityg 'h t
as' eschatIoitpis htn oh srieesn. ts'heB a eto wiuaslna f l lebguontrol yti, k e
befo unidna c hronoirtc hlaeel ,l egfoorrmiaclatnlhe masitsg bhedt i s­
'T hDei viCnoem edwyh,ii cashr aerxea mopftl hete h eolsoygsitocefam l
coveriaSnb clrei pctaunrbneeoe, tx pehcetrBeeed.o wuiwltif bl,eal r gued,­ alolrefygu lly eimntp hlleoi yteedr ary artthaielf laecgto.r yR aotfh er,
inso ntehl ee asnsa llebguoatrs ye,c ulliatre,r aroyfa p arlolfoeugnodr y
Beowiuislns f o mwea ymso raek tinot hoafTt r oialnuCdsr iseiynid tes
socviiasli on.
metamoropfhh iosstiloser giecnamdle tianhtioes vteonrti.c al
Thvee hioctflh aeal tl eignsoe rvye rtohafve elrteyrs asd iktiianondnd a l
Thper oboltfeh mpesr essetnuatdrt yedo e litnheCeaa titenr adaisit ti on
indoefet dh eoloorgiiTgchiatenlr . a doifCt aiioanns, devfreolmt?oe p ed mighhatvb ee eanv aitlota hbpelo eea tnt dh tuops r ovasi odueor uctes ide
earlCihersites xteigaoennGs einse asnirdse acbhaicfonkrgm anoyfi ts
thpeo etmh caatbn e u setdoc latrhipefo ye itnitce anntfodir ocnoe f
featutrope rse -Chforrimsutliaawtnai ssot nesa,td rialnys foirntm heed
elemoefnt thCsea itnr adiinBt eioownuI al fg.rw eietG ho lds(maintdh
6C aiannB de owulf 7I ntroduction
seveortahlet rhtsah)tpe o eimls i kaep lryo douftc hetei gchetnht 6 buurty , Them osptr imiitdieavaste o t hnea tiiostn h aitit s ak indreendl,a rpgaesadtl l
fort hpeu rpoofis lelsu stratinogft hctehr aardtaihcttatihtpeoe orn ei ts tics remembdeergerdoe ferse latbiuohtno slhdtiioapnt ,gr adoiftc ioomnm aonnc estry,
useIms a,k oec casrieofenraetlnos c oeu rlcaettseh rat nhl ei kdealotyfe humaonrd iv.i.nT.eh isse nosfce o mmobnl oiocsda rrdieeedpi lnytt hose t ructure
compositthpieoo enTm h.oii fdss o noent hteh etohrtayht e lsaseto eu rces oft hnea tiTohnre. a nskt,a taunspd,r iviolfee agcmeha na rhei bsi rthTrhiegyh t.
arteh oen ltye xtrueafelr etnocc heasr actoeftr htiers atditichtsaai rtoe n aroen lvya liihfde c aens tabtlhieisinhrh erifrtoamfon ucgree neraatnipdoo nitsno t
cleamrulcoyhl dert hteehx ainsr teifenrgeI nnac ded.i ttoaig oenn eral afu lkli nderxetde ndingfo utrdh ergoruoegfdeh es s c.e.nE.ta rllaycw a nnaontd
descroiftp htneia otnau nrfuden ctoifto hnCe a itnr adiintt hieeoa nr ly winloldt e wailt thhi en divTihdaeuc atli.oo fen vse mrayni nvohlikvsie n smaennd,
midadgleeIcs i,ht eero en ltyh otseext thssa ete tmoh avbee arointn hge thesyh ahriers e sponsTihbemi olsisttt yr.i iknisntgao nftc heii sst hfeeu dI.n
poeuts'oesft hter adiiBnte ioownu lf. slayoirin ngj uarniontgth heoerf fennodoten rlb yr iunpgoshn i mstehleefn miotfy
Thsee copnrdo bilesen mc ounitrnee rceodn stthrgeue cntesironacgli al hivsi ctkiimn',si nbvuothl ivess o Bwytn h.ae c otft hien divtihdfaeum aill oife s
contienxwttho i tchhue s oeft hCea itnr adaisst eieioBnnne owiutslfob e both p-atrost eiveoesrnn indee graececso rtdoui snag-g aer lee gally open to
fitteadn.sy u Scrihen ccoen swtirnlueclct eisobsnepa arritIlhi yaa vtler, i ed vengeoarnc coem mittott eadk intgh oiuttgh,hem ya yi,tf h ey plaitykh heee, a vy
tob eg uibdyet dha ep patrheenmotetf sh p eo eBme.o wmualfk freesq uent blood-oprwr eircgete ol' db uoyfft hsep e'a7 r.
allutsoki ionnsl hoiypap,le taywc,ae rb,,e traanyhdaa lt,ra emdoo,nt gh er
refereIndtco eensso.g t i avnei mporptlaatncocte o mmetrecceh,n ology, Tot hCeh rismtiisasnit ohnseay rsytm eumsh ta vsee embeadr baric
ors exmuoarle fosri, n staannscdo ei ,nt hpea sscionmgm eonntt hse indeNeodot.n dliytd h Ceh risctoinasntishde eet rho ifvc e ngetaobn ec e
cultaunrsdao lcfo iramlps r evaaltte htneit mo eft he comopfto hsei tion spiriltiumaialtnldidyen mge abnuitn gf,iu anrs tsheeisrtsc,sia ntga strophic
poetmh opshee notmheaanrtaae l lutdoie nBd e owaurlfee m phasized. effecstusca,hsfe udo,nt hpee aacnegd o ofdu nctoifso onciinteght eyy,
Thirse constirnsue ccteisioswfnae c r ayan s su-maen tdh eirmseu ch founidnt hpea gcaonn coeftpr tiseb xacll uasnibdvl iovtoeydn getahnec e
evidtehnwacoteu alldl uostw o- t hBaeto wwuhlfi,sl iet uianvt aerdi ous majoobrs ttaoct lheeisid re olmoigsis8c iaoln .
momeonftt shp eo eatn'adsu diepnacsietns',o ss t i mapnla yn tiquarian Thseo cial-pcoatleainmnfeti uitdaiy los b viaonumdsu ,c ohfA nglo­
poebmus tp etaosk osc ainapdlh iloscoopnhcioecfirnat scls o ntemporary Saxhoins taotrttyeo is ttrsse aliWziatthiaoonunCyt.h ristian encourage­
auditehnrcoeau ngahlt ootg hpyea st. mentthp ea gGaenr msaonuswg ahytos fm i tigiatetsffi encagtn tsdh, wu es
A salifeenatto ufer aer Alnyg lo-sSoacxiowenat sty h set ructural see dtehvee loopftm hewene tr gseylsdt Weemr.g wealesds senat ially
imporotfat nhkceie an n,kd i nsihasit hp e aart tr icboanlct ehpceth ief methoofrd e stiitnwu htiiacso hcn a olfme o netvaarlwyua epssl aocne d
functoifwo hni ictshh per oteocfit tmiseo mnb eTrhso.os uet stihkdeie n varimoeumsb eorfss o ciseott hyat th ediera otrhi njcuoruybl ed
arsee esno cieatlhliyc,aa nlsdlo ym,e tliemgeaasls 'l oyt h-enro't appropcroimapteenlTsyha peth eidl.o seompphhiiacnwsae ilrs g ienslo dt
encompbayst shreeid g ahntpdsr oteocftt ihoownshseob eloTnhge. ont he ogriu ninlotco eftn hpceee r peotfarc artibomureot nt hceo ncrete
primmaorrvyaa ll oufse usca ch o ncaerfpeit d teool nietfe'yls lm oewm ber effeocftt h aec itt sIeitlcs fo .n cepatn ueaarlrel lyao tfti hivede oe fa' an
antdh aev enogfwi rnogn dgosnt eoh imV.e ngeatnhcetena,,ko ents h e eyfoera ne yew,h'im cahk neops l afocraes enoscfei rcumsitnatnecnets,,
aspoesfca tc orbeldi gsaitniiicttose hn ue l tiamsastuero apfnr coet eocft ion or wrMoonrge.oi vuten rd,e rstchcoeer netser xacll,ui smipvoero tfa nce
thger oaunpod,n ree adpielryc etihvviaesls eu xep reistnsh leeid t erature thkeit now hichw etrhgmeeu lsbdtep aiBde.c aauloslffe e nacresese en
oft htei me. fromt hpeo ionfvt i eowft huen iatnyid tl so sasnn,do frto mt hoaftt h e
IAnn glo-hSiasxtaooswnr e ylw,lep , e rctehifreve eq ueonfefcu ysd i nce offenidneddi vtihdfaeuc tathl aa,fr t e empaanyl se sst hkfoeir l olfai ng
thiitssh ien eviotuatbcoloftem h epe r acotfvi ecneg ebaentcwece leann s chutrhlafo nrt hkei lolfai nnogt frheeerm iansno pte rceaisuv nejdu st.
streonnogut goh fuclofnitlit nhueailrl yo tboal viegnaalg toeisS osin.n ce Evecrlyia msna duepo ffr eemaenncd h uarnlodst hearnwsdh, a tiesv er
theirsie,fan c lti,ta ttlteep nattiirodoi nga hnwtdr onsgu.caish ny stbeumt, loiswsth amtu sbter epaid.
ratphreirm gaicvtyeot n hq eu estoiflooansnssrd e stiatnucytl itaohnna ,t TheC hrisfotuinaidnn ts h wee rgseylsdts eomm etthhiecnyog u ld
losaem se mbtehrr otuhgaehv engoiftn hgma etm bears'ssau uplotn e�plofoyrt heoiwrnp urpoasniedts ,cw oanst ibnytu heetdmop revent
anotwhieflrelt e hlre i gahnotdb ligtaoat vieonhngi iemnt urnT.h utsh e widesfperueBdaut.dtot hsiyss ttehmae dyd tehdre e voluctoinocneaprty
feud: ofs iWni.t thh diiss tiwnenc ottioioncniee m pordtiaffnetrb eentcwee en
8C aiannB de owulf 9I ntroduction
pagaannCd h rilsattwih:ale na titasesc r o ncewrniettdhhd ei spoosfi tion tripbhaalPs aeor.tft h eivso lcuatbnies o enie tnnh ceh anogveteshry e e ars
thcer imaisnw ailtt hh ceo mpensoaftt hiveoi nc tTihmu.is nt he oft hpee rwieoa drh ee rdei scuisnfos,rii nngs ttahnaecs es,i gannmde nt
seventhp-ecneinttoeufTnr htyei oadwloe nr oett heae t tetmoap sts tehses diviosfti hpoean y meonffit nseW se.s eteh ien trodouftc hitedi teohana t
motiovfte ha ec cuisanes ds ipgunniinsgfoh rmh eonmti c'iHwdehe ho:a s nootn lsyh outlhodeff enkdiernde cewievreg beulatds ,m aplolr tion
kilaml aeindan n gsehrad lopl e nafonrtc her yeeeaI rtfsh c.er iomcec buyr s shoubela dw ardaeswd e,lt lot, h kei nwgh olsaehw a bse ebnr okAe n.
acciodneyene tai,rbf ;y p oiosrbo nyc rafofutyr,e aorrms o raen;id tf h e laragneldra rpgoerrt oifto hnwi esr giesll edg isalwaafrtyoe mdt he
murdtearkp elsaa cspe a orfatq uartreyenel a,'9r s. offenkdietndot hoeff enkdienadgs C hrisltaiwamnaw koerraksw aayt
Witthhs el oewv oluotfti hioedn oe fas icno mtehsse e nosfpe e rsonal thetiars k.
guainlidtn noctehnpeco es,s iobfai clciitdcyeo nmtmailos fcs riioamnne d, Ofp artiicmuploarrit nta hneecv eo luotfmi oodnes ronc sitarlu ctures
thiem porotifan ntcee-n atloilwfo h ni tcehtn dodi mitnhieesx hc luosfi vity antdh ree placoekfm iennsbtho inipdts sh pee cuplrioabprlo esmbe ytd h e
thcer itoeftr hieeoff neo cftt h aec atn tdop romaonat wea reonfte hses criomfpe a rribcywi hdieic,smh e atnhtke i lolfia mn egm boefor n e's
indivaindoduft a hslet a'tIeAn:n glo-aSswa exlaolsno thGeerr manic familBye.c aluosasens rd e stiatrsueet eainsoc no ncetrhnceil noagnn l y,
lawwesf itnhdta htie d oewfar otnaogp erosrhoi nks i ndirsset pdir lilm ary, ane thidcialleo mfmm aa jporro poorctciuworinstt hhm eu rdoefor n e
antdh oafto ff entcote h ceo mmwoenas le conedvaerinynt , hg er avest kinsbmyaa nno tThheseru .r vkiivninscgma ennne itehxeavrce tn geance
casOenslb.yy d egrdeimedos d eprnr incpirpelvteahtsaih tlme e mboefr s ont hkei lslienercv,ee h nid se amtuhsb tea venngoesrde ,ec ko mpensa­
thceo mmumnuistbtyec ontweinttthhr ee meadfifoerstd heebdmy l aw, tiosni,ni cnseo d oitnhgew yo ufilndte h emsePlavrersit.coa di edger,e e
anmdu sntos te epkr ivvaetneg e.a.'.1n0 c e fagrr etahtaaennroy t hcerris mheo,po akg saonc sitarlu ctttouh rreoe ost s.
Ina ddittoti hoaend opatniedox np anosfti howene rgseylsdta esam Chrishteiltadhnc eir tiyim nne ol ehsosr rboufortr,d ifferreeansto ns.
legianls triuntm heCenh tr istioafBn riiztatathimienio ,sn s ioannadr ies Murdoeofrn ek'iswn h,i scchr ipwtautsrh waeal iylwn yh idcehae tnht ered
natciovnev aetrttesm tpott readn soforwr ema ktehnse o csiyaslto efm thweo rwladls,o oukpeodan st hmeo scto mpnleegtaeot tfih oCenh ristian
trifibdaellb iytt hpyer omootfci eonntg roavle rnmpeenrts obnyit fiheed visoifto hnce h aristoacebixlaiels toefan lmclee an s G odc'hsi lBdurte n.
kinAg s.i nsgtlrero unlgte orr e pltahnceue m erwoaurs- laonprded tst y becaoufts heCe h riesmtpihaoanns t ihssep irsittaoutftae hlo e ff enadse r
prinfacveosut rheCedh rimsitsisaino gnoaarnliosote,n s fol'ryi mmediate, wealstl h ied oefsa i ansp rimaanro iffleyna cgea iGnosdct,h astiosfe ment
pragmraetaisbcou antls bs yoe ncourtahdgeei vnegl oopflm oenngt- term thpea rrwiacpsio dses Tihbpele en.i toetfnh tCeih arlisms itdiadaglnaee rs e
attimtourdceeo sn dutcoti hveieid re olTohgveye .re yx istoefsn mcael l replweittpehu nishfomrte hnpeta sr rtihcaairtdne eu anaccecdo rtdoi ng
poliutniibcteassl p tohkepeih ri losboapsihitnish ce eax lc lmuesnitvael ity inteannttdih coein r cumssutrarnocuetnshcd eri inTmghe ge.r avoiftt hye
obf lotoidTe hsee.m ergoeftn hcneeo toifto hnse t aotnte h,oe t hhearn d, acitas t tetsobt yte hdfae c tth paatr riirsce igduepl uanrilbsyyhd eodu ble
freecdi tifrzoemtn hsci osn fimnoirrnaegll atiboyan dsdhitinoipg tt h e thtei omfafes tainnedgx ialsihe so micTihduteshp. ee nitdeenvietala olps
furtrheelrao tfii nodni vtiond autaisloo ncaialefa tmyi,ol fmy e inn terre­ meaonfsa tonefomret nhctir si tmhepa atg jauns ctaincnero ets oblyv e
latbeycd o mmpoonl iatnimdco arvlaa ll uSeusbr.te lien forcoeftm heen ts emphastihnzeai tnougftr heoe ff enacsoe na eg aiGnosdtt,hs ee alnftd,h e
idaerame e wti trhe peaittneh dheli ys toofAr nyg lo-CSharxiosnt ianitys.t ate.
Ina nodif t stehcleof n coetfph ktei npge'asicp see rhasa mpassl tleb pu,t Thisso ccioanlti ebsxy at n lda rtgheoa ftt heea rClhyr isstoiciaent y
iwta asn i mporotnaiennt t hc eh anmgeinntga folrii atts ys,e ervteisnf, transfoirthmsei antighn esnt iitnuCtthoir oinossnt eiTsah.nre e sisotfa nce
indirtehctathtkle iy an,ng td h set aatraeep arttoay lb lr eaoctfhh elesa w, thpea gianns tiotfku itnistohotni h pti rsa nsforimsaac teinottnrh aelm e
thtahtke i mnagpy u nainsrdhe maeixne mfrpotmv engeaanntdch eia,nt botohfA nglo-hSiasxtaoonnrod yf B eowuWlifti.htr se lioannt chee
genesroaclih eaatss y t aiknhe o iwt mse mbebresh aAvste h.ci osn cept ethaincldae lge affilc aocfvy e ngeaannfdce eut dhp,ea gianns tiotfu tion
devealnoidprs se infaol racraegndeld,ra rsgheaorrft eh s et aikcsel aimed exclkusiinvswehai isrp r ecownicttihhlCe ah brlievs itsioiafuon nn i versal
fort hset autnet-,io ln layf tceern tutrobi ese usr-,te h mei nodft he kinsohrbi rpo theSrohb oaoswdia.csi th,o wevteotr h,se o cainadl
Englisahcmcaeanpsat m so rparli ntchiiapntal necy r itmhege r eatest psychosltorguiccotaftul hrA een sg lo-Saanxfodor tn hsma,at t otfea rl l
offenicaseg aitnhlseat iw t sAetsl ufca.ph o isnotc iheattsry a nscietnsd ed Europtehatanhtsee ,t hoifvc e ngewaanescl ei miansaas toecdvi aallu e
10C aiannB de owulf 11I ntroduction
onlayf tceern tuorfpi aetsiu enndte rmbiynC ihnrgi sptrioapna gandistsr.e viivnBa rli tnaoiotnn ;et ,ob es uraen,t agotnoLi asttciiuncl taunrde
Thhei stomroimceantlth ceoo fm posoifBt eioownui losf ni enw hitchhe itnellehcetruiatblau ogtne te,h arte valotrhnieaz teisv e tarnadd itions
succoefts hsCe h rismtiisastniou o nni vertshcaeol niczoeefkp itn sahnidp atmtpettsos ynthtehseiwmzi ett hhn ee wc lashseirciatlIa tmg aeyb. e
elimivneantgee aasna cnee t hciocu nlodht a vbee epnr ediwcittehd lgeitiimsfap teec,u ltaost eiieBnv e ed,e d'iss cuosfts hileoo nos fLs a tainn
surenTehspesr .e senbtyta htBeie oownpu olf eotfap anoroaftmh saeo cial indicoaftt hrieeo vni ovfAa nlg lo-aSmaoxntoghne e d uca13tW ehda.t ever
anmdo rdails asotfte hpreas sr te sufrlotmit nhgei tsh siucg gneosottn ly thcea smea yb et,h Aen glo-pSoaexwtoa nsb ys ocnieacle sasnidt y
thtahtpe o eimos n oefs ocriealle vtaoin ticsme m edaiuadtieeb nutcthe a,t tradaih tiisotnso irnitcaheenev eonftts hp ea satsl, e goerna dsfa ctw,e re
itfusn ctiidsoi nd aacntidid ce oloTghivece ahlio.cft l hepi rse senitsa tion propheirsslu yb jmeacttta enerdv, e inhn i psu rGeelrym apnaigcpa,an hs et
thlee geonfCd a in. waass socwiiattthhet edr aunetd h heo l'yF:i trhsseti ,n wgaensro t ao nly
Thter adoiftt ihdoeen s coeftn htme o nstferroCsma ihnap sa rticular mand istingbuyhi issshk eiidlna l l motshtoe n lfiyn ea rwth icthh e
importtaoBn eocweu alfsm, u crhe ccernitt ciocnasli dienrdaitci11ao tne s, Anglo-cSualxtoinbv uahttew e adts,h ceu raotfto hrel iirt eraantoduf r e
yecte rtfaacieontft s h ter adiptairotni,ci utclsua lrtluyr aclh-ahriascttoerri ct herierl igainodhu iss tomryitchaasln, ds omethitnhgre e loifg ious
andi tasl lgedoirmiecnaslri eomnal,ie nst sh afunll yd escrTihbee d. charaocftt hpeerr i miptoievatedr hye trote hdpe r ofesssiinog1n4eA arsl. '
applicoaftt hieaossnep eocftt hste r adtiott ihBoeen o wualfl lusiiso ns Anderaslosno potihnCeth sr iosAutntig,al no -cSoanxtointn oiu deedn tify
alisnoc omplete. thpeo ewti tthhh eo lmya na,nh dec alaltst etnCoty inoenw sdu elsfc ription
Whitlhepe r essetnutdd oye nso att tetmoip dte ntthiaefu yt hoofr ofM osaessas in1g5Ce orn.ceptthuceao lmlbyi noafct lieorni wco-uslcdo p
Beowuilfit,ns e vertnheecleessbssea crayou fos teh celra tioms su ggest seetmoh avbee eena sfoyrs ucash o cibeutityts ,h earneey v idetnhcaet
sometahbiontughtk e i nodfp erswohnoc ouhladvw er itstuecanph o em sucach o mbinwaatesim obno diinael di vfiignugr e?
antdod escrhiobwee,bv reire tflhcyeu, l taunridan lt elclleicmttauhtaaelt Theh istooftr hype e riooffdei rnsn umeerxaabmlpeol fee dsu cated
wouhladv mea dpeo sstihbwelr ei toiftn hkgei nodfp oetmh Baeto wiulfs clermiecnws i,tg hr efaamti liwairtCihht ryi swtriiatwnih nowg e rael so
hersee etnob eW.h atetvheheri stroerailocift t hAyen glo-sScaoxpo,n assocwiiattAhen dg lo-cSoauxroatnns dt h udse dictaott heneda tive
whetahsel ri temreatraypo hrho irs tofirgiucrhaeidl,se scriipnOt lido n poliatnihdci aslt oirnitceoarflte hsotcssoe u rKtisnP.ge aodfta h Mei ddle
Engliicsso hn siasntiden nfto rmLaetwiFiv.sAe n.d erlsoonangg p oe r­ Anglaeses a ralsty h see vecnetnht huarfodyu rp rieastttsa tcohh eidm ,
ceivheisdso crioalales o nter anscceansdueiannltg e rta'iInitms e nt: whiilnMe e rcWiual fhearlesh oapd r ieastct osu Brits.h Aogpi lhbaedr t
posstihbtalhtese c o·pw also okuepdoa nso nweh osfeu ncwtaisno ont servKeidnC go inwoafWl ecshs aetax b otuhtse a mtei maen,ld a tKeirn g
meretloey n terbutatal itsnooi nstTrhuseca tg.ta hsha etr epetaott ehde Alfretdo,os ,u rrouhnidmeswdei ltcfhl eraidcvailsB eernse.dB iicstc op
olGde rmwaenrste ot hesmo metfahrdi ifnfegr tehnawtnh atth eayrt eou s. wasa m emboefrK inOgs wyc'osm itAastC ulsi.n Atlobne rhtasso n
They emtbhoedhiiires dtao ntrdhy etihre o'l12o gy. pointoeudit n h idsi scuosfst ihoGene rmahneirco,si tcyo lfse u ch
Thaeu tohBfoe ro wuwlfh,e tohrne orat s coiptn h set rsiecntis ssee ,e n Anglo-pSoaexatosrEn ly e nAen,d reas, aGnuDdtr helaoamftc h,Re o od,
int hper esdeinstc usassai moann w hoc ombinnaetdic vuel tural thaeu thooftr hse wsoer wkesr eed ucamtoendkw sh oh ajdo intehde
memoriaolfiaG zeartmiaponaniws cit tC hh ristian tporwoatprhadegs a ndam onastaefrtaiey eros u tehfudlu caitnai noa nr istoScarxaotni cfa mily.
realiozfaas toicovinia sloi fCo hnr ijsutsitaSinuc caehna. u tphoosrs essed SteeipneG de rmanica nttdhr eamdeist ioyno,u nAgnt ghleos-eS axon
atl eatshnteo rmaaclq uaiwnittpahan tcreci osmtmiecn atnahdri ys toricalC hrisltaituaennrds e rawc elnats Cshirciaseltd iuacnaB tuittoh ned.yin do t
theoofra yne duccalteeordfti hcte i maena df amilwiiatnrhai ttpiyov eet ry foregtt heoiwrhn e riWthaagitems .o rlei ktehlatynh t ahtce l ersitcuadle nt
antdr adiWtemi aoywn e.la ls sutmheea vte proyei tus n iqaunceda pable oft hse�ee nl ibaerrwtaoslu elmdp ltohsyec ripktnuorwallhe ehd agdea, s
ofi ntelliencntouvaabltu iwtoo nusla,dn a udieonfec ieg ohrtn -inth­ welalsh inse wfoluyn rdh etosrkiictlaofull ls fit,l hb ee auatntydr utthha t
centBurriyt haaivgner eestyemdp athestuicach pa olslsyid balryi ng clealrailyhny i n sa ttihveem AessA ?l berstasy'osSn:e eBienogw iuntlfh e
combinoafet xieognae nsndia st pioveet ry? contoefxa tnA nglo-Smaoxnoans tsehroyub ledn op uzzaltae l l.
Iti sn oatta lilm postshiaabttla em omesnutc ahst hoen wee a re Anglo-CSharxiospnto ielaminsAk ned reaanEsdl eanneGd u thlcaacis,nt
•descrwiebfi inndog u rsealttv hebese ginonfsi onmgse o rotfn ational thmeo lodft h oel hde rpooiect sreyeq,mu iitpnel aacnesd,od ot hdei ction