C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design

1392 Pages·2010·7.4 MB·English

by  D. S. Malik

C++ P :
ROGRAMMING
F P A P D
ROM ROBLEM NALYSIS TO ROGRAM ESIGN
F E
IFTH DITION
D.S. M
ALIK
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B C
RIEF ONTENTS
1. AnOverviewofComputersandProgrammingLanguages1
2. BasicElementsofC++27
3. Input/Output117
4. ControlStructuresI(Selection)175
5. ControlStructuresII(Repetition)247
6. User-DefinedFunctionsI319
7. User-DefinedFunctionsII361
8. User-DefinedSimpleDataTypes,Namespaces,
andthe string Type433
9. ArraysandStrings485
10. ApplicationsofArrays(SearchingandSorting)
andthe vector Type563
11. Records( structs)611
12. ClassesandDataAbstraction649
13. InheritanceandComposition723
14. Pointers,Classes,VirtualFunctions,andAbstractClasses793
15. OverloadingandTemplates861
16. ExceptionHandling951
17. Recursion991
vi | C++Programming:FromProblemAnalysistoProgramDesign,FifthEdition
18. Linked Lists 1023
19. Stacks and Queues 1115
APPENDIX A Reserved Words 1215
APPENDIX B Operator Precedence 1217
APPENDIX C Character Sets 1219
APPENDIX D Operator Overloading 1223
APPENDIX E Additional C++ Topics 1225
APPENDIX F Header Files 1247
APPENDIX G Memory Size on a System and Random
Number Generator 1257
APPENDIX H Standard Template Library (STL) 1259
APPENDIX I Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises 1301
INDEX 1331
T C
ABLE OF ONTENTS
Preface xxvii
AN OVERVIEW OF COMPUTERS AND PROGRAMMING
1
LANGUAGES 1
Introduction 2
A Brief Overview of the History of Computers 2
Elements of a Computer System 3
Hardware 4
Central Processing Unit and Main Memory 4
Input/Output Devices 5
Software 6
The Language of a Computer 6
The Evolution of Programming Languages 8
Processing a C++ Program 10
Programming with the Problem
Analysis–Coding–Execution Cycle 12
Programming Methodologies 20
Structured Programming 20
Object-Oriented Programming 20
ANSI/ISO Standard C++ 22
Quick Review 22
Exercises 23
viii | C++Programming:FromProblemAnalysistoProgramDesign,FifthEdition
BASIC ELEMENTS OF C++ 27
2
A C++ Program 28
The Basics of a C++ Program 31
Comments 32
Special Symbols 32
Reserved Words (Keywords) 33
Identifiers 33
Whitespaces 34
Data Types 35
Simple Data Types 35
Floating-Point Data Types 38
Arithmetic Operators and Operator Precedence 39
Order of Precedence 43
Expressions 44
Mixed Expressions 45
Type Conversion (Casting) 47
string Type 49
Input 50
Allocating Memory with Constants and Variables 50
Putting Data into Variables 53
Assignment Statement 53
Saving and Using the Value of an Expression 56
Declaring and Initializing Variables 57
Input (Read) Statement 58
Variable Initialization 61
Increment and Decrement Operators 65
Output 67
Preprocessor Directives 75
namespace and Using cin and cout in a Program 76
Using the string Data Type in a Program 76
Creating a C++ Program 77
Debugging: Understanding and Fixing Syntax Errors 80
TableofContents | ix
Program Style and Form 84
Syntax 84
Use of Blanks 85
Use of Semicolons, Brackets, and Commas 85
Semantics 85
Naming Identifiers 85
Prompt Lines 86
Documentation 87
Form and Style 87
More on Assignment Statements 89
Programming Example: Convert Length 91
Programming Example: Make Change 94
Quick Review 98
Exercises 100
Programming Exercises 109
INPUT/OUTPUT 117
3
I/O Streams and Standard I/O Devices 118
cin and the Extraction Operator >> 119
Using Predefined Functions in a Program 124
cin and the get Function 127
cin and the ignore Function 128
The putback and peek Functions 130
The Dot Notation between I/O Stream Variables
and I/O Functions: A Precaution 132
Input Failure 133
The clear Function 135
Output and Formatting Output 137
setprecision Manipulator 137
fixed Manipulator 138
showpoint Manipulator 139
setw 142