Business Process Oriented Implementation of Standard Software: How to Achieve Competitive Advantage Efficiently and Effectively

247 Pages·1999·8.13 MB·English

by  Dr. Mathias Kirchmer (auth.)

Business Process
Oriented Implementation of
Standard Software
How to Achieve Competitive Advantage
Efficiently and Effectively
2nd Edition
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Mathias Kirchmer
Business Process Oriented
Implementation of
Standard Software
How to Achieve Competitive Advantage
Efficiently and Effectively
Second Edition
With lO7 Figures
Springer
Dr. Mathias Kirehmer
President
IDS Seheer, Ine.
Chadds Ford Business Campus
Brandywine 2 Bldg., Suite 307
Chadds Ford,PA 19317
USA
"Originally published in German with the title:
Mathias Kirchmer, "GeschăftsprozeBorientierte Einfiihrung von Standardsoftware.
Vorgehen zur Realisierung strategischer Ziele"
© Betriebswirtschaftlicher Verlag Dr. Th. Gabler GmbH, Wiesbaden 1996"
ISBN 978-3-642-63590-8
Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek -CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Kirchmer, Mathias:
Business process oriented implementation of standard software: how
to achieve competitive advantage efficiently and effectively /
Mathias Kirchmer. -2. ed. -
Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris; Singapore;
Tokyo: Springer, 1999
Einheitssacht.: GeschăftsprozeBorientierte Einfiihrung von
Standortsoftware <engl.>
ISBN 978-3-642-63590-8 ISBN 978-3-642-58428-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-58428-2
This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illus
trations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and
storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only
under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in ils current
version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations
are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heide1berg1998, 1999
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1999
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1998, 1999
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publica
tion does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Hardcover-Design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg
SPIN 10713663 42/2202-5432 1 -Printed on acid-free paper
Preface
Facing increasingly tough competition, enterprises must address the business
issues at hand with lean, flexible and nimble structures. A key solution is business
process oriented engineering of organizational structures. Business processes are
generally supported by information technology - and deploying standard software
is increasingly the method of choice. Today, the implementation of standard
software is a key element of information system planning and execution, enabling
enterprises to reach their corporate goals by systematically supporting business
processes.
The procedure shown in this real-world oriented work illustrates how
enterprises are capable of reaching strategic goals by business process oriented
implementation of standard software. The methods and tools commonly used to
successfully implement standard software are discussed - yet always keeping in
step with the respective applications.
The procedure described here has been proven time and time again. Here it is
also illustrated by practical examples of implementation projects in various
vertical markets. This work demonstrates how scientifically sound solutions are
the cornerstone for efficiently and effectively addressing business administration
issues.
August-Wilhelm Scheer
Foreword to the Second Edition
The market for standard business application software continues to grow
rapidly worldwide, where there is still a major focus on ERP systems. However,
more and more companies are considering the use of so-called "Post ERP"
applications, especially for Supply Chain Management. Therefore, the importance
of a business process oriented implementation approach, based on the goals of a
company, has continued to grow since the release of the first edition of this book.
The described implementation approach in this book is also used as a
framework and extension for standard software vendor specific approaches, such
as SAP's AcceleratedSAP (ASAP). In this context, there is high practical
relevance of the business process definition based on company goals and best
practices (chapter 3), and of the post implementation activities leading into a
continuous process improvement (chapter 5).
The process oriented implementation is suited to both the use of ERP and more
importantly to the use of Supply Chain Management systems. Therefore, specific
hints have been included (especially in chapter 1, 3 and 4). In addition, some
stylistic improvements have been made and some new references added.
I would like to give special thanks to Prof. Dr. Dr. August-Wilhelm Scheer for
his continued encouragement, support, and for numerous interesting and
enlightening discussions.
Thanks also to my co-workers at IDS Scheer, Inc. for their support, especially
to Jeff Graber for his editing and to Susan Griffith for updating the manuscript.
Mathias Kirchmer
Foreword to the First Edition
The deployment of standard software is becoming an increasingly important
factor in business process optimization. At the same time, standard software
implementation is shifting its focus from purely technical tasks to business
VIII Foreword
administration issues. Installation of software systems has evolved to strategy
driven engineering of business processes.
This book discusses a procedure, proven time and again in the real world, for
business process oriented implementation of standard software to achieve
competitive advantage. It demonstrates how strategic goals can be reached by
implementing software. We have made a point to emphasize efficiency in the
implementation process, enabling enterprises to react to changing business
environments -- quickly and cost-effectively. Essential implementation activities
are covered in their chronological sequence and explained by means of examples,
especially in SAP Rl3 software implementations.
I authored this book while a project manager and director at IDS Prof. Scheer
GmbH and President and CEO at IDS Scheer, Inc. I would like to thank Prof. Dr.
August-Wilhelm Scheer for his personal and scientific support. His advice and his
encouragement have been of greatest value. I also wish to thank Prof. Dr.
Karlheinz Kuting for his co-sponsorship. Special thanks also go to Dr. Alexander
Pocsay, President and CEO of IDS Prof. Scheer GmbH, who gave me the
opportunity to combine this work with my professional work at IDS.
I am endebted to Kaeser Kompressoren GmbH for the extraordinary
cooperation in their world-wide implementation of SAP Rl3, providing real-world
results with which to verify the theoretical procedures: special credit is due Mssrs.
Thomas Kaeser and Falko Lameter.
I also wish to express gratitude to my co-workers at IDS Prof. Scheer GmbH
for always being available for discussions and for their moral support. Special
acknowledgments go to Christian Aichele, Katja BoBiet, Dr. Reinhard
Brombacher, Thomas Joachim, Claudia Klingshim, Dieter Leinen, Katharina
Rock, and Andreas Waldow.
The excellent illustrations were prepared by Mr. Matthias Buttner and Mr.
Johannes Schymura. Ms. Sabine Hofmann and Ms. Rita Landry-Schimmelpfennig
deserve special recognition for their stylistic corrections.
Special thanks to all my co-workers at IDS Scheer, Inc. for their support while
preparing this English edition. I would like to mention especially Carmen
Kaechler for her great support as well as John Prendergast and David Shaw.
I also wish to thank Mr. Christian C. Tiews of The Localizer for the meticulous
translation of the text into English.
Finally, I am especially grateful and appreciative for the understanding and
motivation of my parents, who helped to make this work a success.
Mathias Kirchmer
Table of Contents
1 Business Process Oriented Organizational Structures
and Function Oriented Standard Software -
Implications for the Implementation 1
1.1 Business Process Oriented Design of Organizational
Structures 2
1.1.1 Characterizing and Defining the Tenn "Organizational
Structure" 3
1.1.2 Business Process Orientation in the Development of
Organizational Structures 7
1.1.3 Characteristics of Business Process Oriented Organizational
Structures 11
1.2 Function Oriented Design of Standard Software 13
1.2.1 Characterizing and Defming the Tenn "Standard Software" 13
1.2.2 Function Orientation in the Development of Standard
Software 19
1.2.3 Characteristics of Today's Standard Software 21
1.3 Implications for the Implementation of Standard
Software 24
1.3.1 Characterizing and Defining the Tenn "Implementation of
Standard Software" 25
1.3.2 Implications of the Conflicting Design Types of
Organizational Structures and Standard Software 28
1.3.3 Strategic Significance of the Implementation 32
1.4 Objective and Structure of this Work 34
2 Development of a Procedure Model for Business Process
Oriented Implementation of Standard Software 37
2.1 Requirements for Implementing Standard Software 37
2.1.1 Executing Business Process Orientation 39
2.1.2 Enabling Integration 42
X Table of Contents
2.l.3 Specifically Decentralizing Work Processes 43
2.1.4 Taking Dynamic Aspects into Account 44
2.1.5 Specifically Involving Employees in the Implementation
Process 46
2.2 Existing Approaches for Implementing Standard
Software 48
2.2.1 Strategic Approach of Information System Planning 49
2.2.2 Tactical/Operational Approach for Information System
Planning 53
2.2.3 Standard Software Oriented Approach towards Information
System Planning 57
2.2.4 Evaluating the Various Approaches 62
2.3 Developing a Procedure Model for Business Process
Oriented Implementation 66
2.3.1 Using the ARIS Architecture as a Framework for
Procedures 66
2.3.2 Positioning the Implementation of Standard Software
within the ARIS Architecture 67
2.3.3 Deducting the Procedure Model 71
3 Strategy Based BPO Concept 75
3.1 Defining the Target System 76
3.1.1 Goal 76
3.1.2 Procedure 77
3.1.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 81
3.2 Defining Business Processes 83
3.2.1 Goal 83
3.2.2 Procedure 84
3.2.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 88
3.3 Detailing Individual Information System Views 89
3.3.1 Goal 89
3.3.2 Procedure 90
3.3.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 97
3.4 Splitting Up Business Processes 106
3.4.1 Goal 106
3.4.2 Procedure 106
3.4.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 110
Table of Contents XI
3.5 Defining the Scope of the Standard Software
Deployment 112
3.5.1 Goal 112
3.5.2 Procedure 113
3.5.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 116
3.6 Determining the Implementation Strategy 117
3.6.1 Goal 117
3.6.2 Procedure 118
3.6.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 123
4 Standard Software Based BPO Concept 126
4.1 Defining Consistent Business Terminology 127
4.1.1 Goal 127
4.1.2 Procedure 128
4.1.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 132
4.2 Material Flow Related Supplement of the BPO Concept 133
4.2.1 Goal 133
4.2.2 Procedure 134
4.2.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 138
4.3 Detailing the BPO Concept on the Transactional Level 140
4.3.1 Goal 140
4.3.2 Procedure 141
4.3.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 151
4.4 Detailing the BPO Concept on the Screen Level 155
4.4.1 Goal 155
4.4.2 Procedure 156
4.4.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 159
4.5 Defining a Migration Plan 161
4.5.1 Goal 161
4.5.2 Procedure 162
4.5.3 Supporting Methods and IT Tools 168
5 BPO Implementation 170
5.1 Prime and Execute IT Measures 171
5.1.1 Goal 171
5.1.2 Procedure 172