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| s=<p4-/2 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Compendium of State Privacy and Security Legislation: 1999 Overview OTTRATIAY(ULTKNO A Summary of State statutes by category RY (1a HO) - OOFZS3 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20531 Janet Reno Attorney General Daniel Marcus Acting Associate Attorney General Mary Lou Leary Acting Assistant Attorney General Jan M. Chaiken, Ph.D. Director, Bureau of Justice Statistics Office of Justice Programs World Wide Web Homepage: http://www. ojp.usdoj.gov Bureau of Justice Statistics World Wide Web Homepage: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ For information contact: BJS C 1-800-732-3277 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Compendium of State Privacy and Security Legislation : 1999 Overview Criminal History Record Information July 2000, NCJ 182294 U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics Jan M. Chaiken, Ph.D. Director This report was prepared by SEARCH, The National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, Kenneth E. Bischoff, Chairman, and Gary R. Cooper, Executive Directo. The project director was Sheila J. Barton, Deputy Executive Director. Paul L. Woodard, Senior Counsel, and Eric C. Johnson, Policy Research Analyst, prepared the report. Twyla R. Cunningham, Manager, Corporate Communications, and Michele J. Dawson, Writer/Researcher, edited the report. Jane L. Bassett, Publishing Specialist, and Terri E. Nyberg, Special Assistant to the Executive Director, provided layout and design assistance. The project was conducted under the direction of Carol G. Kaplan, Chief, Criminal History Improvement Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. Report of work performed under BJS Cooperative Agreement No. 96-BJ-CX-K010 awarded to SEARCH Group, Incorporated, 7311 Greenhaven Drive, Suite 145, Sacramento, California 95831. Contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Bureau of Justice Statistics or the U.S. Department of Justice. Copyright © SEARCH, The National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics, 2000 The U.S. Department of Justice authorizes any person to reproduce, publish, translate, or otherwise use all or any part of the copyrighted material in the publication with the exception of those items indicating that they are copyrighted by or reprinted by permission of any source other than SEARCH, The National Consortium for Justice Information and Statistics. Foreword This updated version of the Compendium of State Privacy and Security Legislation, 1999 Overview is the eleventh in the series of Bureau of Justice Statistics’ publications referencing and analyzing State laws, administrative regulations and attorneys general's opinions relating to the security, confidentiality, accuracy, and completeness of criminal history records. The first Compendium was published in 1974 in conjunction with the development and issuance by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration of the Department of Justice regulations on privacy and security of criminal history record information. Subsequent editions have been published in 1978, 1979, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1994, 1997, and now the current 1999 edition. The purpose of the volumes continues to be assistance to legislators, planners, administrators, legal analysts, and other researchers in reviewing and contrasting the varying approaches the States have taken to issues concerned with the maintenance and use of criminal records. With such information available, States are able to take a more enlightened approach to criminal record policymaking. It is the hope of the Bureau of Justice Statistics that this report will be a resource for policymakers in improving and promoting the Nation's criminal history records. The efficient operation of complete and accurate records systems serves to benefit us all. Jan M. Chaiken, Ph.D. Director Contents Introduction 1 IE... cccreseresnecrsornegqnasusnnensenesnneevereenNeannaaiap eenttseneTqeeeIrNeTennaRncEeTenTeRRaEnIeNEnEnRNeIsRReEtEEeI | a I a crcrrseresereqmeenrerennsertnenaneneeTtenneTeTnaREIERENRRRNTAIRERRERRIERERRETENENT 2 a IED cccvecoscerncnscreneneszsnsnesnesesescensesrsrseesseresesneeesemneremeremennennneenERNNeNNenE 3 Section 1: Review and analysis 4 A. Current status Of the OW ......crssesssererressssesseessessserssvees seecenpeseespseneneesqnessscavensessssesesesveeiianmaneenEnaneeeannenens 4 renee 5 DR III cocecernzsascvecevenesceserecernsmnempaneorennovsnnprenseesssnarscnsnqnesnesunepennnsnnnsensnnnenseqveqneensenneaggmenssescseuessess 5 2. Access to criminal history records for noncriminal justice purposes ...............0.00ee sestavcens 8 Section 2: Classification category definitions - 13 Section 3: Summary tables of statutes and regulations by classification category 16 A. Survey comparison of changes in State Statutes and regulations by classification Category ...............00sssseeseeersesernensnsnneseneenenersnsneeennennnsneneens 15 B. Summary of State statutes and regulations by classification Category................ccsereeereerereeeneeen 17 D.C Ge cern cececccccczeccvescencccnsecccecsccesesccsecssscoccsnnentennenesvessesavorssneesnnnesnenenensenmnenneseates 18 SD. FREI GI GIT GID cece cccocccccccccccsscccccccccseccscccescccvesescsescesseensnccessscecossccsconssneqqnonsenseqqucsoetecee 19 DD CD occ ccccccceccecscscneesccescececcscessssesescscesnscoesessnescenenensosseatuecsceoummmteostgneaememessnens 20 ©, FRIED oo cccecvccceccesevsssorsocesescsnsencsescetnesvencnscccenseesnssesecescsscqsccscoecceessnecsesecasossussncssssnsnnanentenvestinesteasets 23 D.C CO ID cv ccvccevevessccecerecccccessscvccsccssesececesevececeseosocsecsocoessesnenovosscosscesoesescesesnncnnssnanenneneetantes 24 6. Judicial review of challenged information.....................ssessereeeeersesesrenesnensneersneeensnetennsneneneneens 25 VF, FD CD CD 00000000000 cc0ss2cs0ccccscsccccscesecsnnssnescceenetsenssesosssccesenseqendastensenataneses 26 FR ID GI 01 0000000000000000000ccccccsczececececsccsnesnasssessncescsccsencecsescessscensnansiecatineseneeneste 27 a i Gi occ 000s002000100sscecececcccecosccensescccsnsccnsensensenncsensnsensnnnssnesnenmsasedennenate 28 FD CUSED CII occ cccccccscceccocscccrecccsessscecsccecscesorcesenensnscsonssececesosesnocecemnseeenstemiateetsnens 29 00. GRURRRU Ch GMI, csccccccccrcccoscccscrscesceresescessocssecsecocesonsenescesneocseusecesecssessesenencnnsensesesnessnees 30 SE. CER GD CURED CIID Ch GI ove ccccccsc2ccecccccscsccccecoscceccenssnsssosonenensceseseccossssscssconnontanessnsetsenee 31 OD. GRBRBIIID GDI, 0000 cccccsssescccreseresorereconscescsnsessecsseereesenecescesestenecnensnennscsaseocecesesecessssssesianianensiaisessestsies 32 OG. FROUEII GD CUNT 0010000000 0000000sss0ssescssscsercesestesccscescnssesunecsesoessecscsssetsesesisnasetanneapenaneennenssens 33 DO. GRID occccesscescccoseseccessocsecescscssnsosencancessesocescscescesesenoncensasenconsnsnsecnesonsensecebensscssssbnenanscenstnensineneasse 35 FO, GUE CII cc ccccccscoscssessssosevsssesesesencctessensccsecoccrenenessonssssonosceseesncesesseasnsuencessscsnsesesipesinensaniieaneniante 36 FF. GRID III oscceccscssscsscscsscocncssencccveccssencseccssscsevnscesvoncocessecssenseussunnansesenteevsssscssnoussestanesmesielsdies 37 TE GRRE GUITIIIDD cccccccscscvsersscevscescssseszescscctsccsnesansessesesecovecnsnscenennveseeuteettennenissdnnteniatessenteneeneiisnmnmnetneainn 38 FE, I Ce Ga occ ceccccsvscesnscnccsscscccsncensccceneecsescecscosscesensonsosesnssnauneesesneseesecessstesstedtapessestnnnninenenetsie 39 20. Regulation of intelligence CONMSCHIOR ...............::cscscscsssrsccsserssssersescessrssreessesssssssssserssessasorsssesssosees 40) 21. Regulation of intelligence dissemimation.......0...............:ccccscesesesseesessesssensssssesesssesseseereeseesernseses 41 Se IID a reccssccceccecceccnssecesesscorsccsectonsnsecsesesecoesesesesessececesesececasummannesnassenscessintecsnssnestnestnasiesteenaetnitie 42 SD. RUIN Ga ccc ccccccccsccrercscccscscccesneseccessensscssrcsscossccessenssesnsonsscensescesnecctaneavecesavestesneccenencetneseettits 43 BO. VOU GING occcseccccccscssccssorescescecsccsescoscocessonssccssoscsesssnscsoscsscssoseosees 44 25. Listing of information SYStEMG...................0scsseseseseseseeeeseeseseeserseeseeeesesees , - .45 26. Freedom of Information Act (including criminal justice information) ................00ccseeeeeeeeereereenees 46 27. Freedom of Information Act (excluding criminal justice information) ..................:0sesseessereeeeseennensneneseeneensnenssnseennseeneenenses 47 SD. GID GED COIN sec ccscnstscsccosecccscsncccncocsecscresscsconsqessnsoccoosscenessee . 48 29. National Crime Prevention and Privacy Compact enacted ................:cccscssssssseseesrenennnesernersreres 49 Section 4: Summary tables of statutes and regulations by State 51 TD CUD GI ccs cccccescsvevcenscscssesscstececesenssdtensaséesnaste ceseneseettasaccsessosescnesnendtinisenecscssnnsintimnaeeivadsinesensetinl 53 EEee TE ET 60 aetna ite hla tentaertices atlihdtniatlienatainenti atiiiale 62 ETTa e T TN 68 ATLA ATED OT A DTN E IDOI 70 TALNALS EaE TT DEE:D en TaD O NESIES silekdiiabsaniiaed saaabenl ~ See Te 132 Wisconsin The full text (approximately | ,500 pages, order No. NCJ-000000) of legislation cited in this document is available in microfiche for $2 or in hard copy for $184 from: Bureau of Justice Statistics Clearinghouse P.O. Box 179 Annapolis Junction, Maryland 20701-0179 1-800-732-3277 vii introduction The Compendium series enlightened privacy and issues in specific areas of privacy information policy. and security law.4 Updating This Compendium is the latest in a supplements to those compendia series of 11 U.S. Department of The first compendium was were published in 1979 by the Justice publications that reference published by the Law LEAA and in 1981 by the Bureau and analyze State laws and Enforcement Assistance of Justice Statistics (BJS), regulations relating to privacy and Administration (LEAA) in 1974 as covering State legislation and security of criminal history record part of its efforts connected with regulations up to July 1981.5 The information. ! These compendia the promulgation of regulations 1984, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1994, and include: (1) compilations of State covering the privacy and security 1997 volumes — all of which laws and administrati/e of criminal history record were published by BJS — regulations, and (2) analyses of information.2 A second replaced all of the earlier volumes findings and trends reflected in compendium, published in 1978, in the series and referenced all that body of law and policy documented the growth of State documents. rhe purpose of these privacy and security laws compendia is to assist legislators, subsequent to the earlier survey.? planners, administrators, legal At that time, LEAA also published analysts, and others interested in a companion document that reviewing State statutes and provided an overview of the regulations governing the significant changes in State laws maintenance and use of criminal that had occurred, largely as a records, and in analyzing national result of the impact o* the Federal trends in this important area. regulations, and analyzed policy Comparing and contrasting the various approaches reflected in the many State laws and regulations cited in these documents should 4U.S. Department of Justice, Law assist planners and administrators Enforcement Assistance in developing effective and fair Administration, Privacy and Security policies for their jurisdictions. By of Criminal History Information: An facilitating such comparisons and Analysis of Privacy Issues by furthering research in this area, (Washington, D.C.: Government the compendia are intended to Printing Office, 1978). promote the evolution of 2US. Department of Justice, Law 5U.S. Department of Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Enforcement Assistance Administration, Office of General Administration, National Criminal Counsel, Compendium of State Laws Justice Information and Statistics Governing the Privacy and Security of 'The term “criminal history record Criminal Justice Information Service, Privacy and Security of information” is defined in the (Washington, D.C.: Government Criminal History Information: Department of Justice regulations to Printing Office, 1974). Compendium of State Legislation, include “information collected by 1979 Supplement, by SEARCH criminal justice agencies on 3U,S. Department of Justice, Law Group, Inc. (Washington, D.C.: individuals consisting of identifiable Enforcement Assistance Government Printing Office, 1979); descriptions and notations of arrests, Administration, National Criminal U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of detentions, indictments, informations, Justice Information and Statistics Justice Statistics, Privacy and Security or other formal criminal charges, and Service, Privacy and Security of of Criminal History Information: any disposition arising therefrom, Criminal History Information, Compendium of State Legislation, sentencing, correctional supervision, Compendium of State Legislation 1981 Supplement, by SEARCH and release.” 28 C.F.R. § 20.3(b) (Washington, D.C.: Government Group, Inc. (Washington, D.C.: (1993). Printing Office, January 1978). Government Printing Office, 1982). 1999 Compendium of State Privacy and Security Legislation