Building Construction Handbook PDF
Preview Building Construction Handbook
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK This page intentionally left blank BUILDING CONSTRUCTION HANDBOOK Eighth edition R. Chudley and R. Greeno AMSTERDAM . BOSTON . HEIDELBERG . LONDON . NEWYORK . OXFORD PARIS . SANDIEGO . SANFRANCISCO . SINGAPORE . SYDNEY . TOKYO Butterworth-HeinemannisanimprintofElsevier Butterworth-HeinemannisanimprintofElsevier TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,OxfordOX51GB,UK 30CorporateDrive,Suite400,Burlington,MA01803,USA Eighthedition2010 Copyrightª1988,1995,1996,R.Chudley. Copyrightª1998,2001,2004,2006,2008,2010,R.ChudleyandR.Greeno PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved Illustrationsbytheauthors TherightofR.ChudleyandR.Greenotobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthiswork hasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988 Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans, electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageand retrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseek permission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangements withorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency, canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thebookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythe Publisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchand experiencebroadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,or medicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgein evaluatingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.In usingsuchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyof others,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors, assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproducts liability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products, instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataControlNumber: AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress ISBN:978-1-85617-805-1 ForinformationonallButterworth-Heinemannpublications visitourwebsiteatelsevierdirect.com TypesetbyMPSLimited,aMacmillanCompany PrintedandboundinGreatBritain 10 11 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org CONTENTS Preface to eighth edition xi Part One General Built environment 2 The structure 5 Primary and secondary elements 12 Component parts and functions 15 Construction activities 19 Construction documents 20 Construction drawings 21 Building survey 28 HIPs/Energy Performance Certificates 32 Method statement and programming 33 Weights and densities of building materials 35 Imposed floor loads 37 Drawings--notations 38 Planning application 42 Modular coordination 47 Construction regulations 49 CDM regulations 50 Safety signs and symbols 51 Building Regulations 53 Code for Sustainable Homes 62 British Standards 63 European Standards 64 Product and practice accreditation 66 CPI System of Coding 67 CI/SfB system of coding 68 Part Two Site Works Site survey 70 Site investigations 71 Soil investigation 74 Soil assessment and testing 81 Site layout considerations 88 Site security 91 Site lighting and electrical supply 94 Site office accommodation 98 v Contents Materials storage 101 Materials testing 106 Dry and wet rot 121 Protection orders for trees and structures 123 Locating public utility services 124 Setting out 125 Levels and angles 129 Road construction 132 Tubular scaffolding and scaffolding systems 140 Shoring systems 153 Demolition 162 Part Three Builders Plant General considerations 168 Bulldozers 171 Scrapers 172 Graders 173 Tractor shovels 174 Excavators 175 Transport vehicles 180 Hoists 183 Rubble chutes and skips 185 Cranes 186 Concreting plant 198 Part Four Substructure Foundations--function, materials and sizing 206 Foundation beds 215 Short bored pile foundations 221 Foundation types and selection 223 Piled foundations 228 Retaining walls 248 Gabions and mattresses 262 Basement construction 269 Waterproofing basements 272 Excavations 278 Concrete production 284 Cofferdams 290 Caissons 292 Underpinning 294 Ground water control 303 Soil stabilisation and improvement 313 Reclamation of waste land 318 Contaminated sub-soil treatment 319 vi Contents Part Five Superstructure 1 † Choice of materials 322 Brick and block walls 323 Cavity walls 338 Damp-proof courses and membranes 344 Gas resistant membranes 351 Calculated brickwork 353 Mortars 356 Arches and openings 359 Windows 366 Glass and glazing 379 Doors 391 Crosswall construction 400 Framed construction 404 Rendering to external walls 408 Cladding to external walls 410 Roofs basic forms 417 † Pitched roofs 420 Double lap tiling 437 Single lap tiling 439 Slating 441 Flat roofs 447 Dormer windows 456 Green roofs 465 Thermal insulation 467 ‘U’ values 472 Thermal bridging 488 Access for the disabled 492 Part Six Superstructure 2 † Reinforced concrete slabs 496 Reinforced concrete framed structures 500 Reinforcement types 510 Structural concrete, fire protection 513 Formwork 516 Precast concrete frames 521 Prestressed concrete 525 Structural steelwork sections 532 Structural steelwork connections 537 Structural fire protection 542 Portal frames 549 Composite timber beams 557 Multi-storey structures 560 Roof sheet coverings 564 vii Contents Long span roofs 569 Shell roof construction 579 Membrane roofs 588 Rooflights 590 Panel walls 594 Rainscreen cladding 600 Structural glazing 602 Curtain walling 603 Concrete claddings 607 Concrete surface finishes 614 Concrete surface defects 616 Part Seven Internal Construction and Finishes Internal elements 618 Internal walls 619 Construction joints 624 Internal walls, fire protection 626 Party/separating walls 628 Partitions 629 Strut design 631 Plasters and plastering 636 Dry lining techniques 639 Plasterboard 642 Wall tiling 645 Domestic floors and finishes 647 Large cast in-situ ground floors 654 Concrete floor screeds 656 Timber suspended floors 658 Lateral restraint 661 Timber beam design 664 Timber floors, fire protection 667 Reinforced concrete suspended floors 668 Precast concrete floors 673 Raised access floors 678 Sound insulation 679 Timber, concrete and metal stairs 685 Internal doors 716 Doorsets 718 Fire resisting doors 719 Plasterboard ceilings 725 Suspended ceilings 726 Paints and painting 730 Joinery production 734 Composite boarding 739 Plastics in building 741 viii Contents Part Eight Domestic Services Drainage effluents 746 Subsoil drainage 747 Surface water removal 749 Road drainage 752 Rainwater installations 754 Drainage systems 758 Drainage---pipe sizes and gradients 766 Water supply 767 Cold water installations 769 Hot water installations 771 Flow controls 774 Cisterns and cylinders 775 Pipework joints 777 Sanitary fittings 778 Single and ventilated stack systems 781 Hot water heating systems 784 Electrical supply and installation 788 Gas supply and gas fires 797 Open fireplaces and flues 801 Telephone installations 811 Electronic communications installations 812 Index 813 ix
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