Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture: Theory, Practice and Future Perspective

425 Pages·2021·11.116 MB·English

by  Wajid Nasim Jatoi (editor), Muhammad Mubeen (editor), Ashfaq Ahmad (editor), Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema (editor), Zhaohui Lin (editor), Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi (editor)

Wajid Nasim Jatoi
Muhammad Mubeen · Ashfaq Ahmad 
Mumtaz A. Cheema · Zhaohui Lin 
Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi   Editors
Building
Climate
Resilience in
Agriculture
Theory, Practice and Future Perspective
Building Climate Resilience in Agriculture
Wajid Nasim Jatoi
Muhammad Mubeen • Ashfaq Ahmad
Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema • Zhaohui Lin
Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
Editors
Building Climate Resilience
in Agriculture
Theory, Practice and Future Perspective
Editors
Wajid Nasim Jatoi Muhammad Mubeen
Department of Agronomy Department of Environmental Sciences
Faculty of Agriculture and Environment COMSATS University Islamabad
The Islamia University of Vehari Campus, Pakistan
Bahawalpur (IUB)
Bahawalpur, Pakistan Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema
Boreal Ecosystem and Agricultural Sciences
Ashfaq Ahmad School of Science and the Environment
Asian Disaster Preparedness Center Memorial University-Grenfell Campus
Bangkok, Thailand Corner Brook, NL, Canada
Zhaohui Lin Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
International Center for Climate Department of Chemistry
and Environment Sciences COMSATS University Islamabad
Institute of Atmospheric Physics Islamabad, Pakistan
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Beijing, China
ISBN 978-3-030-79407-1 ISBN 978-3-030-79408-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79408-8
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
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Preface
Burgeoning world population has put a lot of pressure on food, fuel, fibers, and
natural resources. There could be serious challenges of food security in 2050 to feed
more than 9 billion people amidst climate change. Agriculture sector has to grow
exponentially to produce approximately 70% more food by 2050 to feed the ever-
increasing global population. Globally, the agriculture sector contributes 11–14%
towards anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and these emissions are
increasing at a rate of approximately 1% per year. Inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer
and manure application may enhance nitrate (NO−) leaching, which is another sig-
3
nificant N loss pathway from the rooting zone, resulting in water pollution and
additional indirect nitrous oxide (NO) loss through denitrification in water bodies.
2
Emissions of N O from the agriculture sector is expected to increase 35–60% by
2
2030, due to an increased use of N fertilizer and animal manure production. The net
emission of GHGs from farming activities can potentially be decreased by changing
crop management practices to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) or C sequestra-
tion and decrease N O emissions. Therefore, it is essential that new agricultural
2
management practices be employed to sequester C, increase soil health, and reduce
N and gaseous losses, while maintaining sufficient food and feedstock production.
The addition of perennial crops in crop rotation, no tillage, crop residue incorpora-
tion, cover cropping, legume-based cropping systems, and biochar amendments
have been demonstrated to improve soil health and reduce environmental impacts.
Additionally, slow-release fertilizer application, urease inhibitors, and nitrification
inhibitors can reduce N losses and improve N use efficiency in different cropping
systems.
Any change in climate would eventually disturb agricultural practices. So, it
becomes crucial to adopt Climate-Resilient Agriculture (CRA) practices at such a
scale so that the disturbing impact of climate change on agriculture sector could be
minimized. Adapting and building resilience to climate change means increasing
agricultural productivity, farm profitability, and net income and reducing GHGs
emissions. A number of strategies can be adopted to achieve sustainable growth in
crop production, horticultural crops, livestock, fisheries, and forest under changing
climate scenarios.
v
vi Preface
With increasing concerns over environmental protection, improvement in
resource use efficiencies (e.g., efficient use of water and nutrients) has become a
prime goal in global agricultural system. Sustainable use of these resources in agri-
cultural production could significantly avoid environmental hazards resulting from
their over-utilization. Similarly, salinity of the land has proven to be quite detrimen-
tal for agriculture; to study its impacts on the agricultural growth and the ways to
deal with this menace has important future implications in the climate change.
Modern ways of controlling pests, including insects and weeds, would have to be
adopted by curtailing the use of pesticides. The use of crop modeling and remote
sensing and adopting innovative crop management practices could make broader
future prospects for climate resilience. All these measures would ultimately help for
keeping food security challenges to feed ever-increasing global population across
the globe.
Bahawalpur, Pakistan Wajid Nasim Jatoi
Vehari, Pakistan Muhammad Mubeen
Bangkok, Thailand Ashfaq Ahmad
Corner Brook, NL, Canada Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema
Beijing, China Zhaohui Lin
Islamabad, Pakistan Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
Acknowledgments
This book is the outcome of the dedication and efforts of editors Dr. Wajid Nasim
Jatoi, Dr Muhammad Mubeen, Prof. Dr. Ashfaq Ahmad Chattha, Prof. Dr. Mumtaz
Akhtar Cheema, Prof. Dr. Zhaohui Lin, and Dr. Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi. Their
entire support made the completion of this book possible. We would like to sin-
cerely thank our valuable reviewers Prof. Dr. Shakeel Ahmad (Bahauddin Zakariya
University Multan, Pakistan), Dr. Shaukat Ali (Global Change Impact Studies
Centre (GCISC), Ministry of Climate Change, Pakistan), Dr. Shah Fahad (The
University of Haripur, KPK, Pakistan), Dr. Muhammad Adnan Shahid (University
of New Hampshire, Durham, USA), Dr. Abdul Ghaffar (The Islamia University
Bahawalpur, Pakistan), Dr. Khawar Jabran (Department of Plant Production and
Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer
Halisdemir University, Niğde 51240, Turkey), Dr. Muhammad Azim Khan
(University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan), Dr. Muhammad Shakeel (South
China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China), Dr. Syed Asif Ali Naqvi
(Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan), Dr. Ishfaq Ahmad (Centre
for Climate Research & Development, COMSATS University Islamabad, CUI,
Pakistan), Dr. Hafiz Mohkum Hammad (MNS University of Agriculture, Multan,
Pakistan), Dr. Shahid Iqbal (MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan), Dr.
Malik Muhammad Ali Shahid (CUI Vehari-Pakistan), Prof. Dr. Fahim Khokhar
(National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan), and Dr.
Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid (King Abdul Aziz University, Saudia Arabia). All these
reviewers have put enormous effort to improve the quality of the book.
Many eminent researchers and academicians have contributed in the preparation
of the proposal of this book. We highly appreciate the kind support and encourage-
ment from Mr. Malik Amin Aslam Khan, Minister for Climate Change/Special
Assistant to Prime Minister of Pakistan (on Climate Change), Government of
Pakistan, Prof. Dr. Mirza Barjees Baig (Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental,
Water & Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia), Mr. Afzal Ahmad, Director, Planning & Development, The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan., Dr. Abid Shahzad, Director International
Linkages, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan., Dr. Muhammad Asif
vii
viii Acknowledgments
Naveed Ranjha, Director, Fund Raising and University Advancement, The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan., Ms. Farkhanda Tahseen, Principal Officer,
Estate Care and Space Management/Additional Director Planning & Development,
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Dr. Muhammad Ali Raza, Director,
National Center for Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Ayman EL Sabagh, Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of
Agriculture, Kafresheikh University, Egypt. Dr. Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim,
Department of Global Agric. Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural & Life
Sciences., The University of Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Khalid Mahmood, IMPACT LAB
PROJECT MANAGER, Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research,
UK. Dr. Michelle Reboita, Natural Resource Institute, Federal University of Itajuba,
Av. BPS, 1303 – CEP 37500-903, Itajuba/MG – Brazil. Dr Muhammad Nafees,
Chairman, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment,
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Dr Muhammad Khalil-ur-Rehman,
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Mr. Nasir Mehmood Elia, CEO, Bristol Pvt
Ltd, Pakistan. Dr. Muhammad Nadeem (University of Newfoundland, Corner
Brook, Canada), Dr. Hafiz Qaisar Yasin (Punjab Agriculture Department, Lahore,
Pakistan), Dr. Syed Aftab Wajid (University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan),
Dr. Tasneem Khaliq (University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-Pakistan), Dr. Habib ur
Rehman (MNS University of Agriculture, Multan-Pakistan), Dr. Ishaq Asif Rehmani
(Ghazi University, DG Khan, Pakistan), and Dr. Tauqeer Abbas (North Dakota State
University, Fargo, USA). The moral support of Prof. Dr. Nazim Hussain (BZU-
Multan-Pakistan), Prof. Dr. Zahid Ata Cheema (UAF-Pakistan), Prof. Dr. Abid
Hussain (UAF-Pakistan), Dr. Naeem Khan, (Institute of Food and Agricultural
Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA), and Dr. Muhammad Shahid
(CUI, Vehari-Pakistan) may not be ignored.
Furthermore, First Editor (Wajid Nasim Jatoi) is highly thankful to the support
and cooperation given by all colleagues Dr. Muhammad Adnan Bukhari, Dr.
Muhammad Aurangzaib, Dr. Muhammad Latif, Dr. Muhammad Saqib, Dr.
Muhammad Usman Bashir, Dr Rashid Iqbal, Dr Abdul Rehman, Dr Farhan Khalid,
Dr Muhammad Asghar Shah, Dr Muhammad Shahzad, Dr Muhammad Usman
Aslam and especially Dr. Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza, Chairman, Department
of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Pakistan, is highly acknowledged and commendable. Dedication and
appreciation goes to my Family (Mrs. Muhammad Hanif Khan Jatoi, Mrs. Haji
Muhammad Pervaiz Khan and my elder brother Mr. Muhammad Sajid Nasim Khan
and their cute families), to whom I am here to be able to do all my professional
career. Last but not least, being First Editor (Wajid Nasim Jatoi) my family is my
pride, I am very much thankful to my dear wife (Mrs. Neelam Manzoor), my cute
kids (Mr. Muhammad Mosa Nasim and Ms. Marium Fatima) without whom, I AM
NOTHING. Once again, I thank all my dear and near ones whom I forgot to mention
here in my first ever International Book by International Renowned Publisher.
At the end, we are highly thankful to International Publisher (Springer Nature),
its administration, and all the respected members who have supported a lot for entire
duration from proposal till publication of this book.
Contents
Part I Basic Concepts of Climate Resilience for Agriculture and
Associated Fields
1 An Introduction to Climate Change Phenomenon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Sahrish Naz, Zartash Fatima, Pakeeza Iqbal, Amna Khan, Iqra Zakir,
Haseeb Ullah, Ghulam Abbas, Mukhtar Ahmed, Muhammad
Mubeen, Sajjad Hussain, and Shakeel Ahmad
2 Agro-meteorological Aspect of Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Dildar Hussain Kazmi, Muhammad Afzaal, Shaukat Ali, and
Wajid Nasim
3 Impact of Temperature Fluctuations on Plant Morphological and
Physiological Traits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Muhammad Aqeel Aslam, Mukhtar Ahmed, Fayyaz-Ul Hassan,
Obaid Afzal, Muhammad Zeeshan Mehmood, Ghulam Qadir,
Muhammad Asif, Saida Komal, and Tajamul Hussain
4 Infirmity to Climate Change and Regional Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Mazhar Abbas, Muhammad Salman Shabbir, Nor Azila Bt Mohd
Noor, Wajid Nasim, and Muhammad Mubeen
5 Climate Resilience in Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Muhammad Shehzad, Noosheen Zahid, Mehdi Maqbool, Ajit Singh,
Hongyan Liu, Chao Wu, Aziz Khan, Fazli Wahid, and Shah Saud
6 Field Crops and Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Zartash Fatima, Sahrish Naz, Pakeeza Iqbal, Amna Khan, Haseeb
Ullah, Ghulam Abbas, Mukhtar Ahmed, Muhammad Mubeen, and
Shakeel Ahmad
7 Horticultural Crops as Affected by Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Muhammad Saqib, Muhammad Akbar Anjum, Muhammad Ali, Riaz
Ahmad, Muhammad Sohail, Iqra Zakir, Shakeel Ahmad, and
Sajjad Hussain
ix
x Contents
8 Changing Climate Impacts on Forest Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Muhammad Farooq Azhar, Ihsan Qadir, Muhammad Mudassar
Shehzad, and Akash Jamil
9 Climate Change a Great Threat to Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Muhammad Younis Laghari, Abdul Ghaffar, and
Muhammad Mubeen
Part II M anagement of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Agriculture
Under Changing Climate
10 Water Resources in Relation to Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Hafiz Umar Farid, Zahid Mahmood Khan, Aamir Shakoor,
Muhammad Mubeen, Hafiz Usman Ayub, Rana Muhammad Asif
Kanwar, and Muhammad Bilal
11 Water Management in Era of Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Hamid Nawaz, Nazim Hussain, Muhammad Adnan Shahid, Naeem
Khan, Azra Yasmeen, Hafiz Waqar Ahmad, Shah Fahad, Muhammad
Rafay, and Wajid Nasim
12 Climate Change-Induced Irrigation Water Problems and
Resolution Strategies: A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Muhammad Mubeen, Fahd Rasul, Ashfaq Ahmad, Syed Aftab
Wajid, Tasneem Khaliq, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad, Asad Amin,
Amjed Ali, Syeda Refat Sultana, Shah Fahad, Khizer Amanet,
Musaddiq Ali, Muhammad Sami Ul Din, and Wajid Nasim
13 Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Modulations
in Crops under Salt Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Rashad Mukhtar Balal, Muhammad Adnan Shahid, Naeem Khan,
Ali Sarkhosh, Muhammad Zubair, Atta Rasool, Neil Mattson, Celina
Gomez, Muhammad Adnan Bukhari, Mirza Waleed, and
Wajid Nasim
14 Weed Management and Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Ahmad Omid Siddiqui, Ayşe Yazlık, and Khawar Jabran
15 Insect Pest Management Under Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Nasir Masood, Rida Akram, Maham Fatima, Muhammad Mubeen,
Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Shakeel, Naeem Khan, Muhammad
Adnan, Abdul Wahid, Adnan Noor Shah, Muhammad Zahid Ihsan,
Atta Rasool, Kalim Ullah, Muhammad Awais, Mazhar Abbas,
Dilshad Hussain, Khurram Shahzad, Fatima Bibi, Ishfaq Ahmad,
Imran Khan, Khalid Hussain, and Wajid Nasim