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Building and Probing Small for Mechanics PDF

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Advances in Atom and Single Molecule Machines Series Editor: Christian Joachim Christian Joachim   Editor Building and Probing Small for Mechanics Advances in Atom and Single Molecule Machines Series Editor Christian Joachim, GNS, CNRS, Toulouse Cedex, France Editorial Board Leonhard Grill, Institut für Chemie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Steiermark, Austria Fedor Jelezko, Inst. of Quantum Optics, Ulm Univ, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Masanori Koshino, Chemistry and Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industria, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan David Martrou, Nanosciences Group, Centre d’Élaboration de Matériaux et, Toulouse, France Tomonobu Nakayama, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Gwénaël Rapenne, Centre d’Élaboration de Matériaux et, Toulouse, France Françoise Remacle, Chemistry, University of Liege, Liège, Belgium AdvancesinAtomandSingleMoleculeMachinesisthefirstcomprehensiveseries of books dealing specifically with single atom and molecule machines. Derived from a number of long-term European Commission Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) projects including AtMol, Elfos, Focus, Diamant, Artist, PAMSandMEMO,volumesinthisseriescomprisetopicalreviews,lecture-course derived textbooks and re-worked proceedings of workshops. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10425 Christian Joachim Editor Building and Probing Small for Mechanics 123 Editor Christian Joachim CEMES-CNRS Toulouse, France ISSN 2193-9691 ISSN 2193-9705 (electronic) Advances in AtomandSingle Molecule Machines ISBN978-3-030-56776-7 ISBN978-3-030-56777-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56777-4 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2020 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseof illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregard tojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface This book was constructed to gather in one unique volume all the current mechanical machinery miniaturization trends using the gear artifact invented long agoasthebasic elementarydevice inmechanics. Ittakesbenefitfrom theresearch activities of the partners of the H2020 FET Open European project “Mechanics with Molecule(s)” (MEMO, 2018–2021) and also from the first MEMO workshop “Building & Probing Small” held Place of the Academies in Brussels from March 25–27, 2019. One technology node after the other, MEMO is exploring the miniaturization roadmap of mechanics beneficiating from machining tools, micro-lithography, nano-lithography and certainly synthetic chemistry. The forefront of the MEMO research is the border between the solid state nanogears down to a few tens of nanometer indiameter and molecule-gears with diametersup toafew nanometers. A molecule-gear is a single molecule made exclusively of covalently bound chemical groups. Here, the scanning tunneling microscope and its atomic scale manipulationcapabilitiesareplayinganessentialroleisexploring,forexample,the functioning of a train of molecule-gears as reported in this book. However, not all thesmallorganicmoleculescanfunctioninthisway,sincemanymoleculesrapidly diffuselaterallyonasurfaceratherthanrotating.Moreover,andunderexcitations,a molecule can also be easily detached from its rotational axle. In solution, a “molecular rotor” is constituted of the chemical groups (or molecule) stabilized together by weak interactions like van der Waals or hydrogen bond. This was the main scope of the Brussels March 2019 workshop as exemplified also in this volume. Along the volume, we pay attention to provide a good balance between history of technology, advanced micro & nano-lithography, organic and organo-metallic chemistry together with experimental surface science and theoretical approach. Importantly, chapters concerning quantum chemistry of molecule-gears mechanics openthedesignofnewmoleculemachineryinthetechno-mimeticapproach,inthe nano-architectronics approach or simply to confirm intuitive approaches of designing a solid-state nanogear, a molecular gear or a molecule-gear. v vi Preface Themainpartoftheresearchworkspresentedinthisvolumewassupportedby the European Union Horizon 3792020 FET open project “Mechanics with Molecule(s)”(MEMO,Grant766864).WethankdeeplytheEuropeancommission foritsfullsupport.Inaddition,Springer-Natureanditsstaffarealsothankfulforthe publicationofthisvolume.Theeditorofthisvolumen°13oftheseriesdeeplyrelies on the MEMO consortium for the finalization of this volume. Thanks to all of the MEMO partners. A special thanks to Pr. Anne-Sophie Duwez from University of LiegetohaveorganizedtheBrusselsMarch2019workshopwhichalsoleadstothe two very nice conclusive chapters. Toulouse, France Christian Joachim Contents From the Anthycytera Astronomical Clock to Single Molecule Scale Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Christian Joachim From the Pascaline to a 5-Digits Metallic and Planar Miniature Mechanical Calculator 1 cm in Lateral Size. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Pierre Abheillou, Bertrand Gatti, Kevin Froissard, Nicolas Joachim, and Christian Joachim Photo-Microlithography Fabrication of the Parts of a Micro-Mechanical Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Christian Bourgerette, Laure Noé, Sebastien Pinaud, and Christian Joachim Fabricating Solid State Gears at the Nanoscale: A Top–Down Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 D. Mailly and G. Faini Prototypes of Molecular Gears with an Organometallic Piano-Stool Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Seifallah Abid, Guillaume Erbland, Claire Kammerer, and Gwénaël Rapenne Design and Synthesis of a Nano-winch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 YohanGisbert,AgnèsM.Sirven,GwénaëlRapenne,andClaireKammerer Chemical Anchoring of Molecular Rotors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Oumaima Aiboudi and Franziska Lissel Anchoring Molecular Rotors by On-Surface Synthesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Kwan Ho Au Yeung, Tim Kühne, Frank Eisenhut, and Francesca Moresco vii viii Contents Transmission of Rotational Motion Between Molecule-Gears. . . . . . . . . 131 W.-H. Soe, S. Srivastava, and C. Joachim A Simple Example of a Molecule-Gear Train: PF Molecules 3 on a Cu(111) Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 S. Srivastava, W.-H. Soe, and C. Joachim Mechanical Transmission of Rotation for Molecule Gears and Solid-State Gears. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Huang-Hsiang Lin, Jonathan Heinze, Alexander Croy, Rafael Gutierrez, and Gianaurelio Cuniberti Rotations of Adsorbed Molecules Induced by Tunneling Electrons . . . . 181 N. Lorente and C. Joachim Motion and Nanomechanical Effects in Supramolecular Catalysts . . . . . 195 Michael Schmittel, Abir Goswami, Indrajit Paul, and Pronay Kumar Biswas Five Minutes in the Life of a Molecular Shuttle: Near-Equilibrium Measurements of Shuttling Dynamics Using Optical Tweezers. . . . . . . . 219 KaterynaM.Lemishko,TeresaNaranjo,EmilioM.Pérez,andBorjaIbarra From the Anthycytera Astronomical Clock to Single Molecule Scale Machinery ChristianJoachim Abstract Thehistoricalbackgroundofthisvolume“BuildingandProbingsmallfor mechanics”oftheSpringer-Natureseries“AdvancesinAtomandSingleMolecule Machines” is presented to put in context the actual effort towards the construc- tion of functioning molecular machinery, one molecule per one molecule or in a supramolecular assemblage. The accent is made on 3 different roots: surface science, organic chemistry and supramolecular chemistry supported by the recent progressesinnanolithographyandbythequantumchemistryapproachesandtheir semi-classicaltrendsformechanicsindesigningandinterpretingthefunctioningof thefirstmolecule-machines. · · · Keywords Top-down Bottom-up Molecularmachinery Molecule-machines 1 Introduction Mechanical elementary devices like gears, worms, rods, sliders, pull-tabs, pendu- lums,ratchets,springsandmotorsarefoundinmanymodernmachinesfunctioning intransferringamovement,producingworkorcreatinginformation.Someofthem havebeenincompetitionforperformances,sustainability,robustnessandportability with electrical machines constructed using electronic devices since the invention of the vacuum tubes by J. A Fleming in 1904 and of the solid-state transistor by W. Shockley, J. Bardeen and W. Brattain in 1947. Well before the starting of the miniaturizationracein1950sfortheelectronicdevices,miniaturizationhavealready rendermechanicalmachinerymoreandmoreportable,fasterintheirfunctioningand B C.Joachim( ) CentreD’ElaborationdeMatériauxetD’ÉtudesStructurales(CEMES),CentreNationaldeLa RechercheScientifique(CNRS),UniversitédeToulouse,29RueJ.Marvig,BP4347,Toulouse Cedex31055,France e-mail:[email protected] InternationalCenterforMaterialsNanoarchitectonics(WPI-MANA),NationalInstitutefor MaterialSciences(NIMS),1-1Namiki,Tsukuba,Ibaraki305-0044,Japan ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicense 1 toSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2020 C.Joachim(ed.),BuildingandProbingSmallforMechanics,AdvancesinAtom andSingleMoleculeMachines,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56777-4_1

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