BSTJ 50: 4. April 1971: Statistical Circuit Design: Confirmation of Design Using Computer-Controlled Test Sets. (Haynie, G.D.; Yang, S.)

4.7 MB·English

cami 174A pa ad Taek One

Statistical Cireuit Design:

Confirmation of Design Using Compnter-
Controlled Test Sets

By GD. HAYNE ant S. YANG
(sip avd comer 3, 10)

‘Phe ability fo evataate the pesforaunon of Bingar network elements
seal iconv tense wile 9 eects uplimizaton ond verfcn
on ofthe eyo erin
earring nyutene contrat ty digital computers provide a nen
copabilty Jr Sinking the steve of neevork dee, ieadboard devel-
tpmone and chacurterizetion sod ja Te such 2 toy dist he
Fotcarie wodaced wi more nenely Mest the reguivement of the
stone ivcobich they ate gal Tce ihage ie effet ty surorporat=
She tie ncnsuriny nyse the elowrtbiae relating tho measured
Ggovotitios ty the systom. performance pamamater werd during the
Sesion stage
Guapat of
a poser id for debug

ve spateun performs parameters a oat fame pois

Tevetapovent wodede and a move valid
bawie for oveptng or veeetany yreduee am fortory text. Sintstoat
analy ue an sid Sahin Cort hats hy svaluairg te veto
finnahipe betncen component toisrunaes, memevoment errors aud the
falcata eyaten perioemone® parameter

Communisgtion systems, beth analog sud digit, often aes inex
ncuron to which system erlornaer i highly eenstive. In cases
the telatiorshyy llien network wharactristies ond system
Derforusinee are comple, compere nee bein ieneacingly se for
Ebon snd eyetets desige, Exp wf such clesigs are given in
fther papers in thie hs. The design races Hs pot complete nti
he design inteat i ves, at by tatarorenents of the hreadboxed
fodcls and finally by mescarewente 6” the manufastuned networks,
Won phgeical networks to be evaliatelslireet measurement
of ie een ater perform res having w ystems available
1198 ru aun svetaan muutnucan Jocadad, ABR 107

5 test insted, To Ie assist tert, one would also require
thas the physien) evstem repent all nevemary worst eaten. Thie
fpprageh fs bron tre, hit st Tne ehorent ile sash ap te
dlouly in obtaining a nominal or wore-cace eset, th difeulty
fn mintaining the system, and the luck of infocmetion un a network
thet a failed a ts,

"These difieies ave lrgely overcame with the test. method de-
sevibecl in this paper. Using ths method, the acoverk is mewsared on
4 general purjowe test eb cout by a compater, Fem these
smonsurements 6 the network, parameters ape ealeulated which prediet
the porfarmance of the weiwerk in system anal which provide diet
Snformation about the nebwork, Thy sections which follow sive exe
temples of euch tete and the steps necessary co implement the tate
fad estab thie wally

‘Wits the generel purpose computer qpersted test ses, we evaluate
the Hinear netanee wsametars ‘om imertion Foe and hase lara
proluced by Ue uctork wlan rewurel it & stable vonnenion
Tn many’ oes, the Titan pacar sl for netic syle a
Iie direct seared. Tr oer evar, Iualornntin of the imertion
Towa pa dt ruined

‘Ae suggesed ia tke intocuction, the eebtigaship Welw lass an
phase speasuremente and eystam per‘armunee wish the network
Sage-ted can be quite complex. in face, cxumples exist where setting
Timss on inserion lose ead phaee (buses on component tolerance
taher than spin peeformange raat “good” netmorke toe fe
feoved a "had novo {a he secepltl. Opa oF the sssters per
Tormaner in real time previdee a more valid basis for seoepsing oF
rejecting ucbworks in faelory tein ard provider poor ald for
tebuaziog breed nslely acing evelopment,

‘What ie needed to inlement the apevem performance test then js
1 eomputetional Tink beliaen sgsiem performnnee aril netrork Tost
find poe. Fartnnlely, this Tisk has meaily be eealihed
tee eases where ncbwere synshess,optimizutien, or tlerance analy
fs were dove om a compuler uli fystam performance 8 the design
foal, What remcins isto exact the requied computation section of
the dcsgn progeam, yt ito the te et eamputer, and eouple i to
the maseurement progesm through a ramon se: of parameter

“After th sytem pesfosmance el iv iplenented, we tl nals
corms OF pase 1109

its validity ack o! exact pszespundnneeottzen He online mens
furemenls and actu systems avforeance wit tue nore fected
fs eau by

(3) unwerainties fm the loar measnrementy on

{ii} error snultiphegeion in Uhe astern peremrtarealetation

Uncertnvn in the bar mesures ave m fnesion of euch quae
tice as tet ffeaueney, ination Iss, and measarerent sveraging time,
‘Theao uneertaities ean be relisbly wedieted. Bere in the system
peeameter euleullion coalt in theory be datormined hy experiment
Touensutemens| but this wuld be very me ronsuming anc worsttase
Scale would be difleal by obtain, ‘The Trwnework used an the
‘Tolerance Analysis Program: is eomvesicat tool fur providing»
statistical model of whe elaionship between muxsunl system per
formance an aetnal eystam pesformanoe. This Se decueedl in mare
‘etal n Section V

The next eesiow wit) desi, in sorte detail, the implementation
fot test for expt (D2) channel bao her

‘The D2 Chonwwl Rass is used fue Line alvsion auliesing wt
Atunltplesing ia u pues coe “ocilasien transmision system. The

oilers born testes ane ve noes ring. ties with &
Sevodicaly opera smiteh, Ts the design ste, filter compoxent
Nhlnes wece optininel to tee requitemensa ixposed on the tandem
Combination of ilor and swine ue, “amteked crunefer tanetion.”
Historically, sceeweanee of the Miler weuld 99 bused on meusoe
Inenis of insertion Toes under oont?minne excasion Hower, eon
ptr stadice by HN Ble pot. tthe possibly of passing had
Drvluet tie, feed STF lest end rejrng poo! product ti pasted
ES test en wg iertom nes tests Piguet Lebo ch reste

ie 1 Compson: tetas seed tar Sac wad ern es si
1200, amr rms svnomae nnenrtekte sormst, APRIL oA

of Batons wadiow for Se demi ler whew al ecto olemente
sce deviated from nosainal with form dissutions of =2 percent
tnd “1 percent. Note cht in fhe 2 peroent eaec, B6 porsent of the
food prosuce foil the insertion Ines ts, dn the & pereent cage, 1
percent of the bud product pases the incrtion lose tet. Bven though
the correspondence. between the tmp teen impnnves dor th tighter
tolerances cewally use in the aystam, the cauchsion is resehed that
{proper filter agepan tet ret Ie Inst dst on the saitehe
toate taetion (TP)

3 Gowerat Approach

Figure 2 ehiaws ibe eoliguenion of Use soe lene used in ue
2 system, Two diferent approaches are available for ealelating the
SST ofthe fille. "The nate variate uel ef FR, Mastevmnaraeo
snd MLL, Liou' "ean ave us eames elution bus eeuire eae kom ede
the network topology and clement vases inching el ares le-
mers, Tro other apsroneh, vast by W. H Bamaatt! CA. Deaoes:
Tel, Grow" MR. ctor) and 2. E, Fleleches, exsressre the
SSE ae e tunction of + paramctee of tho netvor, 2 parasnsters ran
be entity drive fromm sss aud pis negaarsieme atthe te=ninale
8 the newwork. The velie of n cupasver in the nswvork is also
reid, bt fais 00 ie rudy obtain,

Fig, Sntched ls Sor oul cad nainean “main eto:
emt aeoel (2° Huaipse neon o
cnseusustios oF DRSKOS 1201

‘The STF of the desulipley flee, Helis), end the 81
analtile Mer, (ja ane exorene by Mlesscher as

solid

shotn: = period of awitehing froqueney,
= input expan, ane
B ~ souros impedance of matiplewr

Aw approximation to fhe easton wove br yiven by Fleece as

Ha)

HG
7
Re

sali
Outs? (YT ol

zai

@

Since the STF formes wed or the Alter test Toquation (211
‘Sree only cppcosimite Tule, 5: xe important ¢o coat Ue
Secursey of the eppinninatiny, Reeds (rant eatin 11} amd 12
‘pere compared ith realle ni raleslations wing the etace enable
Trecho! af ML. Liou, This compasiber botwect he canoe methods
hosted a mgximum disepaney of O09 aR jn oe passband end
(0429 inthe zeoet bem

122 Mecensrmeat Maths
1 perform the ealelation indicated by equation (2), thee values
Tend ove value of suze sequin for tah Trequeney at whieh

0 ie fr the case Where

Hence
12 som we svsomE HECHSIEAL JOURSAL, APKOL LOL

so,

ond

“The value of capacitance Cy Wig. 24) me ako bo Keown, This ie
decermined by measuring 2, us just deseribed abu feauency where
the eerie incuotanee [2 ¥e 1 reenunce with ite ditribused capacity
fo that the romaine of Dae iva vitally dismneted, At the
resonant frequene,

= to
Fea) BR TR
‘Pee messurements of Cy, Zz, and fn are implemented by auto-

rmscieally evitching « high impedes probe tw muonaure Fy/Be mh
a/¥ athe appropriate frequen,

a

‘43 Vadidation of SOP Feet

‘The ST tet i validated by reviewing the factors eontibucing w
tzzor in the SEF moceurement ana performing teste to guinsusuranee
‘thatthe net error eel,

aia Determination of Capacitance

‘The value of aupaetaner obtained by: measuring se(0) ix shown
fon Fig, 4 lgtier with the valies obiained fram mensirementa on
fr admittance bridge, The diteropaney in the tito vale Was lee than
12 perosnt and perturb the SH hy Lee than OCO8 a8 in the par
bund. The reproducibility of the meusuremest of Cy is beter thon

05 percent
=

Fig. 8 or enero,
coxpmesrios oP DESKS 1268

ese

sana Probe Betas

‘Aer optinsnig levels fr dhe Wek esdeof betavea prt ee and
licearity, tie anearty resin che probs were seasoned (0 be 8
than 0.0} aB nd core ‘eam probe noiae ere os than OL AB in
the STF asjeer band, Lawtirg rors fom the five wnbe input
impede were cansgemed onl weve estimated to introduce lee than
‘O01 UB escoeiathe ST passband

a Accuracy of fd 2 Meanurements

‘Admittance metstremente were milton denaliplex filter using
an adnittanee brige eapable of 01 perv aorurary. From these
Ieuanements sy and sy were wsinate! und compare with valuee
tbtained from Toe aud phase meueutements ene agreement is within
(Od percent. When bridge eseurements ace msde directly ox the
indiidal componente of Ue iter and STF is eseulted, the dis
fropeney with tie STE obtained fron low gad phase mrascrements
irae lores as 00 AR inthe pashan. Much of this cfferenee is due
to error inthe eee raodel sc in ralelating 2 paremcers.

44 Sensitivity of STP to Lage and Phase Measurement Herre

"The Tolerwise Analysis Propmin: (TAPH was weed to determine
the “amplilieation” of meseutement error inert isthe computation
fof STF from low acl pluse daca, Figure § gives the results for &
1204 me muy sretuse raeusIOMt JOURNAL, sem Jon

lemulipier Mar in which crore ix exe monsurement (F/Eos
WeiVs in Tog. sh wore sssumed to be 0.08 B aod 0.2" with the sign
of th error randomly chon, ‘This rom inelied 17,500 eases end vir-
tually 100 pereen of the SLY loce vals Te within 0.1 dB af the
forest value, We alsa not thot w Ol porwent ear in [oss and hase
(005 4B, 02*) bes been amplified co x 1 pervnt enor in ST. Th a
econ rn, Int and phase ervors 1/8 as great produeed errors in STF
3 ay qroet, Siilar sult wone obtained nt other passhand fre-
‘quero whoee TAP nuns were made. Slightly grosterepreuds were
observed in the Mller eee, mon, but the diferences were not sige
nifeeat,

25 Summary of D2 Test

‘The SEF tot an the sampler operated tase sat provides a more
valid noscptanee lst of the D2 nud ane ceraneple Sere than,
(he ingerton loss tae commonly etd for vers ofthis vype, The STF

EFS ee AES te
cusinaTins oF ens 1206

4 rnousined i 0 shard ane of es tas 009 0 an error of
leet swe 02D 'n the evi bans. ing computer coz ny
few switching the smneuting abe, Uke RTE zesceurcment 1,2, 8.4
fxd SHE is obrained in Hares

2 pena, even EyLauuaan ie

‘The ces evolution of the T2 wastoer ie covered elector jn hic
inexes* This digi. aysbn urloaeh provides a etant exemp.c of
‘sign ites Reving a very earaplex-rbvivmliy lo lee ane sbcse
hnevourrmenle, Iw she (2 oqalizer tet used during dev elopnect,
insertion dose gad pase meszuremerta eure truueforrnl y=
eepoure, eye ypuning, mv! stor ve fon svat aceon Lavin
‘ravping able logis ext vury ng ele leuceratee. "Th program to
ot! le senwfonetion wae excentilly fe some program need for
fv epalians design. Lz the [2 Saray lox, ve png Ras chosen
ne te ce: pavamete:, ead the cried program wis swe sn
‘eh lo alone Ie pregran. size and rupsine time,

‘Tas rogate af TAP pnnlgis on the eye opening racustement ad
some vertcacin by scalylval lv “aves show that, for a zocaa]
fete, enrnra of Ik] sezeons in ler nad tae eae a rection
1 bal yerce ia the eye pte. Un he st pep geN Used, easare
‘hon preision ie eontaliet lv LT orteenk cr better and tho eye
loon ia ereiaated foe 3 eus of ols Il al loaperature
bt 5 ine

Tu te (a0 TAP enalyses previously tore. the efsete of meus

scriens cross le caleated BTE sed ry epening Ware rooedered,
foe the somincl vefwnes ony a tae sel fury romero
leo hows the staleseal varieton 2 Ree neserkes tUnsTeos ening,
frovs componsit witiaus “Ty ees deh the hme af aceepanoe

Un tiny Lt € no-stage TAP anclysis $s use

Tw the fest sin, e#tsurk components exe vated covolicg to ex
pectal sation W!sibene avd che aaa wre rian of the
olan pereormance pastas te ecru ‘Ths pve trom Qhis
Shop le Is and pha veluee weasel wit Ie womnal meter
Und ith the nevorke saeessing tbe wpper ace Tower Eats of Ube
system purenmnarce patarseter

Th tae seeone. ete, 3740" ra re miads wag The apron &
sovstoal yavanna im magus oe wal gen (tara depend or rob
120) non nn meen reomns Jou, Atm LL

swe is}. The ale hore eve tania 0° eytem pater
fee suruinden. Tigire 6 given he wet'te for the D2 demaliplee
ve, This wusysis provides medal of che die buon af meaeaee
amonts be eral inthe Suen ith che oneal ee tl
Shows fie reletone ip Webwewr ces inte ed le Unita, Note
ut a requreraent of 2UD peveent sted or the werk th tear
het thee Taais ant ie within Ge ermew rages,

“There 9 one tzaGeol Coal hou be moutiened. Lone ie ooceoened
wich e minim. eo clwerk, he vol of tasting with higher or loner
eearany act be some ap 9) ereaving or inereesing
the compoaaat fucerames. Toy posible easton are indicatod ia
Fig. 7

Tu Ure tat requiem ou asitacke waed in eyatome have
ot victory been olan nin the etaedanine af ayer pat

=|

ig, ¢ Daan of log eee fr Be wh wet