BSTJ 10: 4. October 1931: Abstracts of Technical Articles From Bell System Sources.

3.3 MB·English

Abstracts of Technical Articles from Bell System Sources

[Notes ow Badia Transmission? Ciavctsa N. Asunasox, Consid=
rable date on cad teanwniedon have foes alainel the pant. few
Years in enonection with the eahleheece aad operation of varios
Faliacteeptinie servions by. the Bell System. TH che grr
Thee nokta preset rain spent sane of Thee daa which wy
‘be of interest ia the development ofa general physieal picture of aio
‘transmission and in indicating the efects of disturbances accompanying
storms in the earch's magnetic Eld

The general results which are arrived at sr:

1. Neglecting skoct “ime fading, the maximum Seld strengths
ceived at a given point for frequencies up to at leas 4 megeeycles ave
in general agreement with those calculated by the inverse-dstance
Jaw and the miainuoy fed strengths (over-vater transmission) ave ia
spprosimate agseenat with those calculated by the Austin-Colen
ee

2. There seers te x ayligh almanac mehr
hed of 40 Koove'es (North Allancie wanemiseion) whieh reduoes
rminimus daytime elds in tha. viiaity Velow de suitor Bal
te above

‘h The eflect of colar disturbances i €0 increas the absorplion to
“sky wave" uansniccon throughout the entice radio-frequency
spectrum generally and to reduce o7 eliminate che 4-Elocycle abearp-
We ls shor inet eayight Hees for teases Te
‘vec in tha iy

colic Phenomena in Oxide Coated Fizments® Jost A
Lucien, A svtial survey’ of the lteracuse shows that the current
Lough the ses in ae cata filaments is eazced by elections,
pegative oxygen ions, and postive he-um ions. The propoction of
cunrent carved by eal deyenls peat the exch eumpsttion and
‘nethodd at prepatation e! U-e oxide cuatiag on the eat Leaunent ad
fn previous elctrolytic eects. Ivesumably the conductivity is
desly offerte by luiciam ane sxygen disperad thromgh the oxide
‘New experimental revult show

Jats 198,

eo Se, Vl LIX, 93
4, Vor a particular RAO S10 Ahmet, Foe mnnlucivity © was

siven be

tat 18 sss x tote

2. The eureent is proportncal to the voltage only 30 long a3 the
eomret sally wher 'ae Une prcducts of electoysis alter the

'S Polarzstion currents are chal by the Ba aul O whic are pe.
duced by eleerolie. These ern deen ridly eve at ean=
peratures near SO)" K, thus showing that Ba and Q dillse at low tem
praca

Recent Dasdopments in sho Operation af Onernas Kadio Telephone
Semvce? FLA.Cowa. This paper auiags the status of the present
‘overeieraio telephone verve Irom Use United State, discusses the
string actors alecting ech typeef cireuit, a outiaes the reasons
‘way shor: wes have come to be considered the probable medivm for
Tutu extensions, The canes of Inst ir Sm fo thse serves are
ven in their onder of magitinle sss averse tomer contin,
pecating adjustments. madi ince-eresee fine ard

tnd uielassited causes, Adverenttinepheric renditions have oon
tarsal oveccome by the use ot eireceive eranemitting tne receving
tennis and automate geia devices oa te radio reelvers.‘These
trangemen, however, do not elisinaze the leet time ened eg
elie icturbonces directly im che rio th we te Ue phenomena
iowa am selerdve feding. Mageuc distuchances stay alfect
radia tanamision ever am appreciabe prom 9 chart ie ache
‘lich shows the average manne: in which they affected the available
rout time for the year 1980. The tise required for operating adjust
tents whieh elude auc igeme as Fne-p sd talg tesy chaging
navesengti, ete, will always be a factor but impresement wll
‘Snubtedy come with equipment develonment and experience. Line
Sul esipment trl ate almost hsigucagt by comparison with
Te ier ae of Tost tate and ace made 20 by cerful design ard
maintenance and the provision of spar wns A ela included
‘which shows for the month of Angus 101 cummparien of lox Secu
Time, by causes, between the European and South American radi
iret, _\ehare eso ince which shows the esol Fequenry
measurements made ove: the sont: of Ausust 1D80 on the 21420 ke
Sransitting frequency feom che WLO transmitter st Laverencevle,
New Jerseys [ris ofinteoet vite That ty Line during the month
«6s eld, SESTEE THCUESICAD. JO”RRAL

id the transiicte evita fom ite aasigned Frequency by more chan
“Ot percent, whereas ce Kaitation specified by the Federal Ratio
nnision ia DS pe ces

On the Art of Mdbiloguates Exsners F. Lircas, Phiumiom-
hs ening the highest agree of resolution an detail yet b=
“he igh cewermlececope iostrate the paper.

(Of pactcue interest the new theory! the cause of Fatigue flue
in hardened sos! presented. by Dr, Taam av dae co the presence of
minute cracks yrolueed duciag tae haclesing process.

“These quenching cracks average 25 alone width and 1000 atoms
in lengeh

Avcomplete deeription of the use and potential revolving bility
of the high power miorescope lone up to the al of metallography and
ite value in he industrial el

nouncement i also make of Ue uew metallurgical eqwipment by
means of which ean be achieve erep, brillant images a tice the
Frese lines of tart maguiieation. The over of eeiation wil he
Inproved and better ola ua mechanical means will beat the dis
posal of the metallogvaphe.

Some Physiol Factors Afoting the Musion im Snad Motion Bice
swrea® Jose B. Maxsis, ‘The sdvent of sound pieu-es brought
the ohysicist ated engincer fay Fave with pecblens hich Ke inthe
Fld of act se walla in the Gel of matevalthinge. 4 study of the
‘hyseal fciona which underBe srt would p:oaab'y be lengthy although
IH isooceivable that with si kent knowledge of theee physical factors
4H righ be possibe srfvialy to develop high rade artistic sound
Hictures Teovos felt hiweves, thas rare etal information of ien-
inediate eppicailly onald be obtained by attempting ta contol,
Under the eoditionsuf rolagrephy and recording, those factors which
fleterminc an observers interpcotation of what he sees and beare when
Gboerving a ral event. “Tae artist and divocioe aust be relied upon
for the art iv the production and the engivers or physicist i required
tercecord and readuce the seve in sch 2 manne chat the lion in
feprision tranemite to dhe audience the artistry produced by the

‘This paper dieefore decries the resules of an empirical study of
methine of controling wom of ie fectrs available tothe engineerin

"Preened as N.Y, ol Se, Det of Ming oud Seria Bee
ge ONT TSAR A na a ae fara te
an de Se, A Jy WSL
seu eecorking and ineugrapy in ech a manner thae a pleasing
‘Masi of enya eaten the thea

A Dien for the Bresite Soasunament of High Broqoncces) Fs
Pouuuswauces and A.A, Roti A cesription fe given of ceuipe
sient wie hea he conse urle fir the mecurercene ef radia Sr
‘inenciee between S000 end $0,000 ke. The exurpment consiste ef a
rilfionycle anacpanatal eeclistor ae a seandant of Sewer,
tawaute foe Yeung harmonics and subhorstanica ot this fisiuciy
Aid eau for ena ally tase kar Frequencies with ©
Collage wlan riety fe ered ty measure so 2620 produce be
Feequences in succesive stage, che Fest trequeney redid in each
savage having one lee digit than that in te areceding sues, A eal
brated electis oscar is used a ean ve Feeney of the lat
stage, An iad-atsr gives the jaeay of ie wwe afer a eles
CC ila aljaemunts The precision of @ completed snessurement je
stints ter ean thee ete fn ion,

adie Yaweinieiow Statice of the Unger Abortion? J.P.
Scuniuce acd W.-M. Goupatt. Ta ths paper ave given a uum of
rmeasuenents hie shi inne waratons in the ital beg of the
ical regis of the upper stmesoiere. "Those seauremienbe were
‘ena made simu. ceneoasly on te frequen, 1601 Te, snd I ee
Single frecueney deta are seo given. The flowing rm the mak
rin eres resent

years inflete the eestence af Lve dct oni regions or
layers "The elem ine ust bright ave eomctnnes very abu
“The existe ut Ue lower Laver even at nik iz indisaced by a =
cesinal rela Us le tual eg rng chi price.

12) Exoeriseutal evidhare Tee pen found of large retacdlatius fu
sroup velocity near the erteal comieione foe whith the wit jm
Denetras the layer sn tie piss nf nan tenieaten, tig. 1)
Absorption is especial mocked £1 sul vs

12) Teeene at these evrice pias Lie reso for the dimulcancous
Leamungene slave that the Gru eights of The miner eye
ite er forte ger Feu om they age fr ie Lame Seam
This statement ule penal hel forte lowes ayes Lub no evden
‘x ths pons pert

3 se ier ese yee methods af en
are suggested, one ef wie ‘awsloe the formation of negative laut
the region beeen the layers,

“ef & le,
Pivot Hracical Agbrasel Dirconst Tronsming Sst"
Ji, J- Srna. Tals paper dieenes son of he wove iportant 21

ciples fused it he developmers of the rrsiona! tenesmting
Enevem al present employed in the Rel Syelam shorcswave facilis,
‘Ton theneetieal pesormance of res ive casi in preseted by means
varius eurecs hich vive Te nhsined By iateeations ase upn
Pasnting’s theorem, ‘The delsls of che machomatcl dermis are
mitted forthe ke of axiey, bus the general procedure al he re
‘oka formulas Tove heen placed in an zppencis, Various practical
Srokiems enecurtered in the deveupmart ane cecil. These
ieluce ansema tig peneedave, eraneaaser Fe adjustment, ad
tcc meting ce

Singur af Stonalesion st the Organ of Cort Sp the Ligie af Motore
PhynbaAerperiente) oie? Roe WeceL, The aotive yrovectien
of 2 program var tam snly if deine bas eccived ot a paint ware =
forrect unce-tnlin, nthe machanisan of hearing wey be wilzed
with prose, A "Weory” aluuld aot Le regarced a8 an acadaiie de
saription iris of mathematical srmbole of shat is cenecved co be
Cert ud Fu seluta cf the problem. Ue shoud be reeerded c=
neeerry curelatiod of experimental dats. The. “onreetrnee
(oC the iheney should be judged Dy its utility anda long as eet sex
lesan sale oa 2 there ie nothing “wrora’"wGthit, Tae mat
“la wau Ue ake of anw theory ix that new experimental dara it
appears trum eine to tie, wll wel te emesis
“ace detail but nein ie uealer cplitavmcayie' The ya
‘lis of a theory ii che pesetical use thar can De ede off, he
Tne af it as Salectual exercise being neligibe

The “ary” of beating which apparently siz arocrd wich ll ex
perimental data, whetaer fe be enacomical, payiclogical ce phyeal,
Kar shich in its rucimontary form is known as the Liclmxolez
Ulcers. "Uning we the existence presen: of vgs quantiy of precise
eta, pectiearly ols hapcrel wains tbs dea Ie enn sn
Eiderabie advance Ser the ie of Heal

Drie fi, tis tieoryseeres Use principal dart ef soul analysis ta
the mvelinial properties of Be end organ. fn ade in aeempl the
sever pls Hin neseeary to be agreed oa lintel sumer at
peste point:

1 Hf the basis: membrane vibestee with euiclencvielenoe the hate
cols in the supersucture of the onan of Core are ctimulared; and

piece ERB Ia BL
Sucther response 1 x soul, she sila mensorane vibreses se
vioestly in one plare thas in annher, the atiesuladics ef the ae-vaus
Tiesue ie greatest where se eilaliny Samat violent

2. ‘The basilar membcare does vibrate in response to se and dees
so aifreay at dierent frequencies. Te Sealy ahaa van ele
heacary theory of stechanice that all Tvulen of wehever vatare,
whether solide, digphragms, membranes, re bale Mil, bee
Ji this foehion, Theoreiesliy, Hein posible wo describe body which
vibrates the sme stall frequencies, but such a body is never found
Experiments This leas to the conclusion that the basilar ate
brane where the nerve tesmioals are situated ia quite capable of per
forming an analysis of id of so.

5. The vibration of the buslar membrane resulting from sound ic
srettest at the proximal endfor high frequencies and st the deal end
fos tow frequencies, In weer to ative at thie cancun Helmbuler
depended on purely meric! ertsideratons, which for sayy one
femiine with thie type of philosophy is fakty aadefacory. Histo
Tegical examination of ears knowa to have lowered azulty in cctain
Freeney asges have shown this to bs te cage.

1. Ta the aorta ear there is only ene epue which worateesensibiy
in vesponse to ane pave frequency in the ene. This chests quite
‘vel ectablishel by miter oat ig of ne pare toe
nother which cae ot found thal ane sun mks ocher mere
“Hecively wre te Frequent of Be an! beater te Gs

5. The wily sensible {unctice=ag connections besncen nerve cll of
lw spiral gation. ether direct a direc, taaug: braneaing of he
bore! ssoase ct the orzan of Cori cre contd to near neehbor,
‘The these i lap estab yt phys non masking

8, The minimum detecrable chase of pitch corresponds & shift
along the basilar membrane ofthe vibrating spot for a distance equal 20
the space occupied by a e‘nite number, sppmosimseely eontant, of
ganglion oc hair cel

With these points taken for granted itis ple to deeribe the
mechanism af hearing. hits ader aspects nl to eaelate to a
‘ppreninaon the actual postion on the basilar membrane at which
{feat Lecquencies time it ned to-caleuare alan the extent af
the stimlating wpe for ac Feary

Astanatic Bower Plone jor Telephone Oficese? K. Ls Yous and
BLL. Lenton. The nature of power recuiremenss for telephone
lees fa Szcuseed, sith emphasis un bontingiey of service, Aue

nade er inti, Bai uae 7, cape Bel Pe Ss
matic controls are indicated became of their more exact performance,
‘nich consequent reduerion in variations andi interruptions and thei
faving in maintenance, ptt ely with 2icboar operation demanded
Developments ere traced, showing am incessing fend toward auto
matic registion ad eomrral of mala newer supplies, ringing ard other
signaling every sours

"The development of unit ne power plants” for telephone ofces
ix etwamed and information is given on s number of standardized
plants which operate upon a full uipmetic ore semi-automatic baie.
"These furnish power sey Tor manual, toll, and telegraph central
coffees, for magneto offees and for manual and dial system privace
branch exchanges alsa for sal dial system central ofices,

Tavorable operating esperince jinn the way toward further inteo-
tucson of automatic devies which weil place most telephone power
plants, excene those inthe Inger esl sytem es, in a potion to
‘operate themeclves over considerable interval of time.