Bridges: Analysis, Design, Structural Health Monitoring, and Rehabilitation

434 Pages·2015·24.75 MB·English

by  Baidar Bakht

Baidar Bakht · Aftab Mufti
Bridges
Analysis, Design, Structural Health
Monitoring, and Rehabilitation
Second Edition
Bridges

Baidar Bakht (cid:129) Aftab Mufti
Bridges
Analysis, Design, Structural Health
Monitoring, and Rehabilitation
Second Edition
BaidarBakht AftabMufti
DepartmentofCivilEngineering DepartmentofCivilEngineering
UniversityofManitoba UniversityofManitoba
Winnipeg,MB,Canada Winnipeg,MB,Canada
Additional material tothis bookcanbedownloaded from http://extras.springer.com
All photos areprovidedcourtesy of JMBT Structures Research Inc.
ISBN978-3-319-17842-4 ISBN978-3-319-17843-1 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-17843-1
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015951973
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
1stedition:©JMBTStructuresResearchInc.2008
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission
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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
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hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.
Printedonacid-freepaper
Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media
(www.springer.com)
This book is dedicated to the memory
of Leslie G. Jaeger CM, DSc, FRSE,
P.Eng. (1926–2013),
An outstanding teacher, acherished research
colleague, a dear friend, and a mentor to
authors

Foreword
The authors, sometimes accompanied by Professor Leslie Jaeger (1926–2013),
have given courses on bridge engineering in various countries of the world
since early 1990s; these courses dealt with the aspects of bridge engineering in
which the authors not only had a hands-on experience, but had also published
technicalpapers.Thecoursenotes,initiallycomprisingcopiesofpublishedpapers,
progressedintoaseminaldocument.Thelatestandmostup-to-dateversionofthis
documentisnowinyourhandsintheformofaself-containedbook.
It is the hope of the authors that both practicing bridge engineers and graduate
studentsofstructuralengineeringwillfindthisbookpracticalanduseful.Anumber
ofcomputerprograms,which can bedownloadedfromhttp://extras.springer.com,
are expected to provide solutions to everyday problems facing bridge engineers.
Sometopics,suchasarchingindeckslabs,fibrereinforcedpolymers,andstructural
health monitoring, might not be covered by the design codes of many countries.
Hopefully, the chapters on these topics that provide copious references and case
historieswillpavethewayfortheiradoptioninthesecountries.
Our outstanding graduate students and research associates have been acknowl-
edgedthroughthereferencescitedinthebooks.Wewouldalsoliketoexpressour
gratitude to the following persons, some of whom are not acknowledged through
the references: Gamil Tadros for his friendship and collaboration on many engi-
neering projects; Evangeline Murison for her help in many SHM projects; Mike
WilsonofAtlanticIndustriesLimited,Canada,forhispermissiontousethedetails
of the Whitehorse Creek soil-steel bridge. Also, we like to thank our various
secretariesatDalhousieUniversityandUniversityofManitoba,whohaveassisted
usinproducingthebook.
It is acknowledged that the CHBDC (2006) design provisions, described in
Chaps.8and9wereformulatedbytheTechnicalSubcommittee,whichcomprised
B. Bakht, N. Banthia, B. Benmokrane, G. Desgagne´, R. Eden, M.-A. Erki,
vii
viii Foreword
V. Karbhari, J. Kroman, D. Lai, A. Machida, A.A. Mufti, K. Neale, G. Tadros,
B. Ta¨ljsten, with A.A. Mufti being the chair. The current chair of the CHBDC
TechnicalSubcommitteeforFibreReinforcedStructuresisS.Sheikh.
Winnipeg,MB,Canada BaidarBakhtC.M.
February21,2015 AftabMuftiC.M.
Contents
1 LoadsandCodes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 VehicleLoads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 EquivalentBaseLength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2.2 FormulationofDesignLiveLoads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2.3 AccountingforDynamicLoads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.3 DesignPhilosophy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.1 ProbabilisticMechanics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.2 LimitStatesDesign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.3.3 SafetyFactor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2 AnalysisbyManualCalculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2 DistributionCoefficientMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.3 SimplifiedMethodsofNorthAmerica. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3.1 OldAASHTOMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.3.2 ConceptofDMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.3.3 NewAASHTOMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.3.4 CanadianMethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.3.5 CHBDCMethod. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.4 TwoProposedMethodsforTwo-LaneSlab-On-Girder
Bridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2.4.1 SimplifiedMethodforIndianRoadCongress
BridgeDesignLoads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.4.2 SimplifiedMethodforHBDesignLoads. . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.5 AnalysisofTwo-GirderBridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.5.1 Two-GirderBridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.5.2 CalculationofStiffnesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2.5.3 NumericalExample. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
ix