Bribery, Fraud, Cheating: How to Explain and to Avoid Organizational Wrongdoing PDF
Preview Bribery, Fraud, Cheating: How to Explain and to Avoid Organizational Wrongdoing
Organization, Management and Crime – Organisation, Management und Kriminalität Markus Pohlmann · Gerhard Dannecker · Elizangela Valarini Editors Bribery, Fraud, Cheating How to Explain and to Avoid Organizational Wrongdoing Organization, Management and Crime – Organisation, Management und Kriminalität Series Editors Markus Pohlmann, Heidelberg, Germany Stefan Bär, Heidelberg, Germany Friederike Elias, Heidelberg, Germany Julian Klinkhammer, Heidelberg, Germany Elizangela Valarini, Heidelberg, Germany Die Reihe ist im Bereich der Organization Studies angesiedelt und hat ihren Schwerpunkt im Schnittfeld von Wirtschafts- und Organisationssoziologie. Sie widmet sich dem Zusammenhang von verschiedenen institutionellen Feldern (Wirtschaft, Medizin, Staat etc.) mit den Organisations- und Managementformen, die in diesen vorherrschen. Neben organisationssoziologischen Studien werden managementsoziologische Analysen sowie Studien zur organisationalen Kri- minalität in die Reihe aufgenommen. Darüber hinaus beschäftigt sich die Reihe mit aktuellen Themen (z.B. Liberalisierung der Wirtschaft, Subjektivierung der Arbeitswelt, Ökonomisierung der Medizin oder der Politik) und sie hinterfragt gängige Erklärungen öffentlicher Skandale, die von Manipulation, Korruption oder Betrug in Organisationen handeln. This book series establishes itself in the field of organization studies and focuses on the intersection between economic and organizational sociology. It is dedica- ted to the context of various institutional fields (economy, medicine, state, etc.) with the predominant organizational and management forms therein. In addition to studies on organizational sociology, management-related sociological analy- ses as well as studies on organizational crimes are included in the series. Also enclosed are current developments, such as Neoliberalism in the economy, the economization of medicine as well as the state of and the explanation for current scandals of manipulation, corruption and fraud. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15792 Markus Pohlmann · Gerhard Dannecker · Elizangela Valarini Editors Bribery, Fraud, Cheating How to Explain and to Avoid Organizational Wrongdoing With a foreword by the editors Editors Markus Pohlmann Gerhard Dannecker Max-Weber-Institut für Soziologie Institut für deutsches, europäisches Universität Heidelberg und internationales Strafrecht Heidelberg, Germany und Strafprozessrecht Universität Heidelberg Elizangela Valarini Heidelberg, Germany Max-Weber-Institut für Soziologie Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany With support of the Volkswagen Foundation Organization, Management and Crime – Organisation, Management und Kriminalität ISBN 978-3-658-29061-0 ISBN 978-3-658-29062-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29062-7 © Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, part of Springer Nature 2020, corrected publication 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer VS imprint is published by the registered company Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH part of Springer Nature. The registered company address is: Abraham-Lincoln-Str. 46, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany Preface The fight against corruption, organizational wrongdoing, malpractice and orga- nized crime has entered a new era. The regulation and combat of public and private corruption as well as organized crime has become an international stan- dard of anti-corruption legislation and law enforcement, which has been adopted by many countries. The global diffusion of regulatory agencies, which began in the 1990s, took place mainly in countries with long lasting tradition of a regula- tory state and regulatory capitalism such as Brazil and China. In a joint effort to fight corruption, new international cooperation agreements were signed; interna- tional guidelines and governmental regulations were tightened and sanctions and penalties have become more severe. The boom in the regulatory state was ac- companied by a boom of compliance measures in the private sector, in companies, hospitals, football associations, etc. However, the trend of more stringent regulations at international, national and organizational level does not seem to have produced the expected results. Illegal behavior could not be pre- vented and new white-collar crime was exposed. This has happened not only through the transformation of established habits and customs of giving and ta- king into illegal acts or through more thorough monitoring, but also through the inability of globally operating companies to comply with all—often contradic- tory—new rules and laws in the different countries where they do business. New scandals at Volkswagen, Petrobras and Glencore raise the question whether they stem from the fact that the new regulations boom exerts an excessive burden on companies or simply from some individuals’ determination to commit illicit acts such as deliberate profit-seeking at any price. This book is the result of an intensive debate that aims to explain the emergence and persistence of organizational and individual malpractice in the light of the new regulation boom, but also to come up with effective measures to combat and prevent such illegal practices. This dialog began in 2015 with the international research project “The Fight against Corruption and Manipulation—Regulation and Self-Regulation in Medicine and the Economy”, at Heidelberg University. This international research project was coordinated by Professor Markus Pohl- mann of the Max-Weber-Institute for Sociology, Professor Gerhard Dannecker of the Institute for German, European and International Criminal Law and Law of Criminal Procedure; Professor Dieter Dölling and Professor Dieter Hermann VI Preface of the Institute for Criminology. It is based on a research grant from the Volkswagen Foundation. The Heidelberg research team investigated the contra- diction between better law enforcement and more comprehensive measures to combat corporate crime, corruption, malpractice and the limited preventive effect they have. The study began with a comparison between two sectors: industry and medicine (organ transplantation) in two countries, USA and Germany. In recent years, the research network has expanded to include other countries such as Brazil and China, integrating additional areas such as funding of political parties. Within this research project, numerous publications, lecture series and confe- rences have been presented. This book is the result of the latest international and interdisciplinary scientific contributions in the field of organizational deviation and organized crime, which were presented at the Herrenhausen Symposium “Bribery, Fraud, Cheating—How to Explain and to Avoid Organizational Wrongdoing?” in October 2017 in Hanover. Many people have contributed to the success of this edited volume. Our gratitude goes to all authors of this book and referents at the Herrenhausen Symposium who contributed to a broader understanding of organized crime, corporate crime, corruption and malpractice in organ transplantation. Many thanks to the Heidelberg research team for their firm commitment to achieving the expected research goals, especially for their meti- culous organization of the Herrenhausen Symposium and the time and energy spent on preparing for this book: Yuanyuan Liu, Alexander Fürstenberg, Dr. Elizangela Valarini, Dr. Julian Klinkhammer, Dr. Sebastian Starystach, Dr. Friederilke Elias, Jiawei Mao, Dr. Christian Mayer, Christin Schultze, Ludmila Hustus, Felizia Rein and Sonja Linder. We thank Jiawei Mao and Laura Hauck for proof-reading the texts line by line. Last but not least, we thank the sponsor of the Herrenhausen Symposium, the Volkswagen Foundation, in particular Dr. Vera Szoelloesi-Brenig, who has always supported our Herrenhausen Sympo- sium with great commitment and enthusiasm. Markus Pohlmann, Gerhard Dannecker, Elizangela Valarini Heidelberg, September 2019 Content Introduction – Money is only half of the story ..................................................... 1 Markus Pohlmann Organizational wrongdoing: Bribery, fraud, cheating – Insights into the Herrenhausen Symposium, October 5-7, 2017 ................................................... 25 Ludmila Hustus and Christin Schultze Organized crime, money laundering and corruption in Europe The fight against the mafia in Italy and Europe .................................................. 43 Roberto Scarpinato The mafia in the media ....................................................................................... 57 Petra Reski The fight against organized crime....................................................................... 67 David Ryan Kirkpatrick Corporate crime and political corruption in South America Anti-corruption in Brazil – Criticisms and developments .................................. 77 Fausto De Sanctis Operation Car Wash – The new paradigm to fight corruption .......................... 105 João Pedro Gebran Neto VIII Content The incomplete transition. A review of the recent changes in Brazil’s electoral financing model ................................................................................................ 121 Wagner Pralon Mancuso ‘Do not try to outsource dirty business into your Value Chain’. An interview with Matthias Kleinhempel ............................................................................... 145 Julian Klinkhammer The FIFA’s case and corruption in Brazil. An expert dialogue with Markus Asner and Fausto De Sanctis ............................................................................ 151 Elizangela Valarini and Wagner Pralon Mancuso Corruption in China Corporate compliance and industrial sophistication ......................................... 167 Xiuyin Shi Corruption issues in China. An interview with Jianyuan Yang ........................ 187 Anja Senz Fraud in medicine Manipulation of medical patient data in organ transplantation as attempted homicide? .......................................................................................................... 207 Torsten Verrel Content IX How to explain and to prevent corporate crime? Esprit de corps as a source of deviant behavior in organizations. Applying an old concept with a new livery ................................................................................. 219 Peter Graeff and Julia Kleinewiese Corporate non-compliance and corporate identity building – A management dilemma. Early indicators of organizationally driven deviance traps ............... 247 Christiane Gebhardt Overcoming the current system of corporate criminal law – sanctioning corporate citizens. Crime prevention within the limits of the rule of law ......................... 285 Gerhard Dannecker and Thomas Schröder Does illegality become natural? Systemic and preventive effects of the market economy ............................................................................................................ 321 Kai-D. Bussmann Correction to: Corporate non-compliance and corporate identity building – A management dilemma. Early indicators of organizationally driven deviance traps......................................................................................................................C1 Christiane Gebhardt About the authors .............................................................................................. 349
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