Book of Abstracts The Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops

374 Pages·2009·13.74 MB·English

Book of Abstracts
The Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis
in Crops
An International Symposium
17-22 August 1997
Mexico City, Mexico
CIMMYf is an internationally funded, nonprofit scientific research and training organization. Headquartered in
Mexico, the Center works with agricultural research institutions worldwide to improve the productivity and
sustainability of maize and wheat systems for poor farmers in developing countries. It is one of 16 similar
centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The CGIAR
comprises over 50 partner countries, international and regional organizations, and private foundations. It is co­
sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
Financial support for CIMMYf's research agenda currently comes from many sources, including the
governments of Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Iran, Italy,
Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, the Philippines, Spain, Switzerland, the United
Kingdom, and the USA, and from the European Union, the Ford Foundation, the Inter-American Development
Bank, the Kellogg Foundation, the OPEC Fund for Internahonal Development, the Rockefeller Foundation, the
Sasakawa Africa Association, UNDP, and the World Bank.
Correct Citation: CIMMYT. 1997. Book of Abstracts. The Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops; An
International Symposium. Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
AGROVOC Descriptors: Zea mays; Maize; Wheats; Oryza sativa; Rice; Plant breeding; Heterosis;
Combining ability; Selection; Recurrent selection; Plant biotechnology; Genetic resources; Genetic
engineering; Molecular genetics; Plant physiology; Yields; Seed industry; Seed production
AGRIS Category Codes: F30 Plant Genetics and Breeding
Dewey Decimal Classification: 633.53
ISBN: 968-6923-90-X
Printed in Mexico
CIMMYT wishes to express its sincere thanks
to the following symposium sponsors and contributors:
Co-Sponsors (US $10,000 or more)
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company, Ltd., India
Monsanto Company, USA

Novartis Seeds AG, Switzerland

Peoples Republic of China

Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., USA

Sementes Agroceres S.A., Brazil

United States Agency for International Development (USAID)

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Participating Sponsors (US $5,000 - US $10,000)
Asgrow Seed Company, USA
Grains Research Development Corporation, Australia
KWS Kleinwanzlebener Saatzucht AG, Germany
Other Contributors (US $2,000 or less)
Cargill Hybrid Seeds, USA
Ceres Internacional de Sernillas, SA de C.V., Mexico
DeKalb Genetics Corporation, USA
Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacion para la Agricultura (IICA)
Maritz de Mexico, SA de c.v.
Plant Genetic Systems Inc (America), USA
Special thanks to:
1. Rockefeller Foundation for their generosity in enabling the participation of eight researchers
from developing countries to the symposium.
2. American Society of Agronomy, USA, for sponsoring the publication of the proceedings of
the symposium.
ill
Foreword
Welcome to the "International Symposium on the Genetics and Exploitation of Heterosis in Crops."
Heterosis has significantly increased the productivity and quality of major crops in our century,
contributing additional food, feed, fiber, and other important products. Several short symposia on
specific aspects of heterosis have been organized in the past, but this is first time in nearly 50 years that
some 450 scientists from more than 60 nations gather to discuss the subject in depth. Among other
topics, this event will cover the genetic, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms
underlying hybrid vigor; appropriate germplasm and breeding methodologies; and commercial
strategies and methodologies for maximum and sustainable utilization of heterosis.
The Book ofAbstracts provides descriptions of nearly 200 scientific presentations dealing with recent
research on heterosis. The abstracts are extended; that is, they are intended to provide the reader with
relevant details on materials and methods, results, and conclusions of the studies. Most are for posters
presented at the symposium, in which case the title carries the corresponding code assigned to the
poster. Abstracts of presentations by invited speakers are also included; full text versions will be
published soon after the symposium in a proceedings by the American Society of Agronomy.
We are grateful to CIMMYT scientists M. Barandiaran, D. Beck, J. Betran, N. Bohorova, ,S. Castellanos,
H. C6rdova, M. Kazi, S. Pandey, F. San Vicente, G. Srinivasan, W. Pfeiffer, and M. van Ginkel, who
carefully reviewed the abstracts for scientific quality and value. We also thank CIMMYT science writer
M. Listman for editing, formating, and overseeing production of this book. We have modified the
abstracts for space, content, and clarity in many cases, but authors are still ultimately responsible for the
quality of their submissions.
We welcome you once again, wish you a pleasant stay in Mexico, and hope your participation in the
symposium will prove rewarding.
Timothy G. Reeves Ganesan Srinivasan Shivaji Pandey
Chair Executive Chair Chair
Organizing Committee Organizing Committee Technical Committee
iv
Contents
Foreword v
Opening Speakers
Food Security; Poverty Alleviation; Natural Resource Protection
- Addressing Global Inequities through Agricultural Research Partnerships
T.G. Reeves 2
Inbreeding and Outbreeding in the Development of a Modern Heterosis Concept
I.L. Goldman .4
Heterosis: Feeding People and Protecting Natural Resources
D.N. Duvick 6
Quantitative Genetics of Heterosis
The Quantitative Genetics of Heterosis
K. R. Lamkey and J. W. Edwards 8
Dominance and Overdominance
J.F. Crow 10
Epistasis and Heterosis
CJ. Goodnight 11
Inbreeding and Heterosis
J.B. Miranda Filho 12
Genotype-by-Environment Interactions and Selection Response
M. Cooper and D.W. Podlich 14
Al -Genetic Effects of Heterosis in Maize Hybrid Yields
G. Todorovic, G. SurIan, I. Sataric, T. Zivanovic 16
A2 -Selection of Parents and Prediction of Heterosis in Rice
CH.M. Vijayakumar, M. Ilyas Ahmed, B.C Viraktamath and M.s. Ramesha 18
A3 -Genotype x Environment Interaction and Yield Heterosis in Rice
M. I1yas Ahmed, CH.M. Vijayakumar, B.C Viraktamath, and M.s. Ramesha 20
A4 -Phylogenetic Relationship and Correlations Between Genetic Distances Using RAPD
Markers and Specific Combining Ability in 28 Tropical Open Pollinated Maize Varieties
S.N. Parentoni, J.Magalhaes, E.E.G. Gama, M.x. Santos, CA.P. Pacheco, P.E.O. Guimaraes,
M.A. Lopes, M.].V. Vasconcelos, E. Paiva 22
AS -Genetic Analysis of Cytoplasmic Male Sterile lines Available in P.R. China
Zhang T.Z., Guo W.Z., Liu K., Wang X.D., and Pan ].J 24
A6 -The Use of Testers to Exploit Heterosis in Tropical Maize at ClMMYT
S.D. McLean, S.K. Vasal, S. Pandey, and G. Srinivasan 26
v
A7 -Genetic Analysis of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tropical Maize Hybrids
F.J. Betran, D. Beck, G.O. Edmeades, J.M. Ribaut, M. Banziger and C. Sanchez 28
AB -Genetic Analysis of Adaptation Differences Between Highland and Lowland Tropical Maize
1. Armstead, C. Jiang, M. Hayward, H.R. Lafitte, G.O. Edmeades, D. Hoisington,
and J.A. Deutsch 30
A9 -Plant Improvement Through Molecular Markers: A New Approach
J.M. Ribaut and F.J. Betran 32
AlO -Gene Dosage and Heterosis
A. Dogra, J.A. Birchler, E.H. Coe 34
All -Heterosis Estimation for Different Quantitative Maize Characteristics Using
Highland and Subtropical Progenitors
R. Gaytan-Bautista and J.5. Padilla-Ramirez 36
A12 -Heterosis for Root Potential in Maize
S. Kuruvadi, H.A. Paccapelo, and B.A. L6pez 38
A13 -Mapping Heterosis QTLs in Maize Grown Under Various Stress Conditions
J.R. LeDeaux, c.w. Stuber .40
A14 -Relative Importance of Additive, Dominance, and Epistatic Effects for Maize Yields
in Acidic-and Nonacidic Soils
H. Ceballos, S. Pandey and L. Narro , .42
A15 -Prediction of Heterosis in Wheat Using Coefficient of Parentage and RFLP -Based
Estimates of Genetic Relationship
J.F. Barbosa-Neto, M.E. Sorrells, and G. Cisar 44
A16 -Line XTester Analysis for Drought Tolerance in Tropical Maize
G. Castan6n, D. Jeffers, H. Hidalgo, O.H. Tosquy, R. Arano, and B. Raygoza .46
A17 -Genetic Analysis of Maize Generative Organs
M. Stojakovic, J. Bocanski, G. Bekavac, Jockovic, B. Purar 48
AlB -Changes in Quantitative Traits in Synthetic Maize Populations
J. Bocanski, D.J. Jockovic., M. Stojakovic, and G. Bekavac. 50
A19 RFLP Heterozygosity and Hybrid Performance in Australian Sorghum
D.R. Jordan, Y.Z. Tao, I.D. Godwin, KG. Henzell, M. Cooper, and c.L. Mclntyre :52
Genetic Diversity and Heterosis
Genetic Diversity and Heterosis
A.E. Melchinger ~",·:;: 54
Effect of Hybrid Breeding on Genetic Diversity in Maize
J.5.c. Smith 55
vi
Population Genetics of Increased Hybrid Performance Between Two Maize Populations
Under Reciprocal Recurrent Selection
J.A. Labate, KR. Lamkey, M. Lee, and W.L. Woodman 56
Broadening the Genetic Diversity in Breeding by Use of Exotic Germplasm
M. M. Goodman 58
Mechanisms Contributing to Genetic Diversity in Maize Populations
P.A. Peterson 60
A20 -Extent of Inter-racial Heterosis in Short Duration Maize Hybrids
K Zada, M. Saleem and AT Salam 62
A2l -Increasing Female Sterility and Heterosis in Maize
V. Micu and E. Partas 64
A22 -Germplasm Enhancement in Hybrid Maize Breeding by Use of Tropical
and Subtropical Germplasm
Zhang Shi-huang and Shi De-quan 66
A23 -Use of RAPD Markers to Identify Divergent Heterotic Groups and Improve
the Heterosis of Hybrid Wheat
Qixin Sun, Zhongfu Ni, Zhiyong Liu, Jianwei Gao, and Tiecheng Huang 68
A24 -Pattern of Phenotypic Diversity of the Caribbean Maize Accessions
S. Taba, J. Diaz, F. Pineda E., J. Franco and J. Crossa 70
A25 -SSR Characterization of Heterozygotic Patterns of Parents for Predicting Heterosis
in Rice Breeding
Xiao C. Liu , M. A. Saghai Maroof , Jian L. Wu, and Lian Pan 72
A26 -Development and Improvement of Heterotic Populations in Maize
B.s. Dhillon, N.5. Malhi, and V.K Saxena 74
A2l -Classification of Argentine Maize Germplasm in Heterotic Groups
G.H. Eyherabide, A.s. Gonzalez and G. Nestares., 76
A2B - Enhancement of Yield Heterosis for Sustenance of Hybrid Rice Technology in India
M. Ilyas Ahmed, K Krishnaiah and E.A. Siddiq 78
A29 -New CMS Lines with Diversified CMS Sources and Better Outcrossing Traits in Rice
M.5. Ramesha, M. Ilyas Ahmed, B.C. Viraktamath, C.H.M. Vijayakumar and S. Singh 80
A30 -Heterosis and Genetic Diversity in Crosses of Adapted East African Maize Composites
B. Tolessa, K Mulatu, L. Wolde, G. Bogale, M. Worku and G. Keneni 82
A3l -Combining Ability of Corn Belt and Tropical Maize
R.C. Pratt and M.A. Casey 84
A33 -Heterotic Potential of Germplasm from the Highland-Andean Region
R. Sevilla, A. Manrique, H. Sanchez, and J. Nakaodo 86
A34 -Yield Improvement of Two Maize Populations
J. Ininda and W.K Mmatta 88
vii
A35 -Introgression of Exotic Germplasm to Enhance He~erosis and per se Performance
in Medium Maturity Maize Populations in Kenya
D.T. Kirubi, S.K. Gathama, and Z. Muthamia 90
A36 -Evaluation of Heterotic Patterns to Develop Maize Hybrids for Midaltitude
Regions of Mexico
H. de-Le6n-Castillo, E. Ramirez-Rodriguez, G. Martinez-Zambrano and A Oyervides-Garcia 92
A37 -Genetic Diversity for Molecular Markers and Prediction of Heterosis in Maize
S. Mladenovic-Drinic and K Konstantinov 94
A38 -Practical Use of Heterosis in Sorghum x Sudangrass Hybrids
c.G.5. Valdes-Lozano, I. Gomez-Rodriguez, J.A Pedroza-Flores 96
A39 -The Improvement of Forage Yield Heterosis by Selection in Sorghum x Sudangrass Hybrids
C. G.Yaldes-Lozano and I. G6mez-Rodriguez 98
A41 -Hybrid Maize and Wheat for Developing Countries: Opportunity or Challenge
for Sustainable Production?
J.W. White and L. Harrington 100
A42 -Patterns of Heterosis in South Mrican Maize Breeding
H.O. Gevers 102
A44 -Yield Potential of Hybrids Developed from Tropical Semi-Prolific Populations
D. Beck, J. Betran, C. Sanchez, G.O. Edmeades, M. Banzinger, M. Sierra,
O. Cano, and A Ortega 104
Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Physiology ofHeterosis
Transgressive Variability of Productivity Characters of Triticale Plants Developed in vitro
and in vivo from Heterotic F Hybrids
1
L.N. Kaminskaya, KV. Khotyljova, S.N. Matveenko 106
The Biology and Physiology of Heterosis
C.W. Stuber 108
Towards Understanding and Manipulating Heterosis in Crops -Can Molecular Genetics Help?
M. Lee : 110
Epigenetic Changes in Maize DNA and Heterosis
AS. Tsaftaris, M. Kafka, A Polidoros, E. Tani 112
Potential Heterosis Associated with Developmental and Metabolic Processes'
in Sorghum and Maize
J.D. Eastin, F. Zavala-Garcia, AM. Dhopte, V.B. Ogunlela, C. Petersen,
M.W. Witt, P.K Verma, V. Gonzales-Hernandez, M. Livera-Munoz, L. Mendoza-Onofre 114
A45 -Genetic Analysis of Chromosomes of a Wheat R-Iine for Fertility Restoring (Rf) Genes
M.A Samad, J.D. Franckowiak and S.5. Maan 116
A46 -A System for Study of the Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Heterosis in Maize
N.W. Widstrom, P.F. Byrne, M.D. McMullen, and M.E. Snook 118
Vl1I
A47 -Enarthrocarpus lyratus Cytoplasm Causes Male Sterility in Oilseed Rape
S.s. Banga and S.K. Banga 120
A48 -Standardization of Row Ratios and GA Application in Hybrid Rice Seed Production in India
3
M. Ilyas Ahmed, S. Singh, e.H.M. Vijayakumar and M.S. Ramesha 122
A49 -Heterosis Under Normal and Stressed Conditions and the Possibilities for Combining High
Productivity and Stress Resistance in Tomatoes
Zh. P. Danailov 124
ASO -Physiological Basis of Heterosis: Gibberellins and Heterosis in Eggplant
M.A. Rashid 126
ASl -Microsatellite and RAPD Polymorphism in Rice Cytoplasmic Male-Sterile Lines
E.D. Redofia, L.R. Hipolito, T.D. Ocampo, L.S. Sebastian 128
AS2 -Development of a Transposon Based Strategy to Analyze the Genetics of Apomixis
E. Pero.tti, O. Leblanc, D. Grimanelli, D. Hoisington, and Y. Savidan 130
AS3 -Synthesis of Alloplasmic Male Sterile Systems and Introgression of Fertility Restoration Genes
in Mustard
S. Prakash and P.B. Kirti 132
AS4 -Lethal Genes Associated with Grain Yield in Inbred Lines of Maize
].e. Salerno, D. Diaz, C. Robredo, R. Rios, A. Reid, R. Boggio Ronceros, and O. Sorrarain 134
"
ASS -Heterosis for Growth Rate to Low Temperature Stress in Rice Callus, Oryza sativa L.
S. Kuroda 136
AS6 -The Photosynthesis Rate of Lines, Hybrids and Open-Pollinated Varieties of Tropical Maize
A. Elings and G.O. Edmeades 138
AS7 -Phenotypic Plasticity, Heterosis, and Environmental Stress: A Concise Review
M.s. Kang 140
AS8 -The Effect of Ethephon and Uniconazol Applied on Two Local Rice Varieties
M.T. Karbalai, A. Hashemi-Dezfuli, and S. Farahi-Ashtiani 144
Abstracts Accepted, No Poster Presented -- Session "A"
A60 -Nonallelic Interactions and Heterosis in Corn
L.V. Khotyleva and L.A. Tarutina 146
A61 -Development of Heterotic Pools, Inbred Lines, and Hybrids: A Comprehensive
Breeding Approach
5.]. PatiI and N.N. Singh 148
A62 -Genetic Diversity and Combining Ability of Inbred lines Derived from Heterotic
Maize Populations
L.B. Chaudhari and P.K. Singh 150
ix