http://medsouls4you.blogspot.com/ Board Basics ® An Enhancement to MKSAP 17® Essential Facts and Strategies for Passing the Internal Medicine Certification and Maintenance of Certification Examinations This document is licensed for individual use only. Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. All rights reserved. http://medsouls4you.blogspot.com/ Board Basics ® An Enhancement to MKSAP 17® This document is licensed for individual use only. Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. All rights reserved. AOBK015_fm_pi-xii.indd 1 9/24/15 8:04 AM http://medsouls4you.blogspot.com/ Your Last Stop before the Boards For the fourth consecutive edition of MKSAP, we bring intervention in the practice of medicine. Remember that you Board Basics, the only publication that compiles Board Basics is not a patient care resource. the essential facts and strategies for passing the Internal Medicine Certification and Maintenance of Certification Content Organization (MOC) Exam into one print book and e-book. We are con- fident that this volume will continue to meet your needs. Abbreviations, spelled out in a convenient list at the A total of 83% of surveyed Board Basics users told us that back of the book, are used frequently to increase reading the previous edition of Board Basics effectively helped efficiency. Content is organized by topic and in consis- them prepare for the Certification or MOC exams. Nearly tent categories, such as Prevention, Screening, Diagnosis, all respondents found this resource to be user-friendly Therapy, and Follow-up. Special components have and an overwhelming majority—84%—said they would been designed to enhance learning and recall. recommend it to a colleague. Look for: · Don’t Be Tricked: Incorrect answers that may masquer- How to Use Board Basics ade as correct choices. The goal of Board Basics is to prepare you for the Boards · Test Yourself: Abbreviated case histories and answers found in Board exam questions. after you have completed a systematic review of MKSAP 17 and its more than 1200 multiple-choice questions. · Study Tables: Key concepts to prepare you for specific types of questions. Once again, we have combed through volumes to produce a concise compilation of only the information that you will · Yellow highlighting: We applied our own “marker” to call your attention to important phrases. most likely see in the exam. And, with this fourth edition, we have reorganized the sections of Board Basics to mir- ror those of MKSAP, making it easier for you to locate Why This Text Makes Sense information within the 11 MKSAP subspecialty sections to further your learning on specific topics as you need. Board For this edition of Board Basics, MKSAP 17 authors Basics is not a concise guide to patient care but, rather, an reviewed the latest literature and produced 11 concise text exam preparation tool to help you quickly recognize the sections and 1200 Board-like multiple-choice questions. most likely answers on a multiple-choice exam. Drug Next, the content was turned over to 13 carefully selected dosages are not included since they are rarely, if ever, program directors, instructors, and professors of medicine tested. You will also see many sections where information with expertise in Board preparation and the subspecialties has been omitted because it is difficult to test or is other- of internal medicine. These physicians culled the essential wise unlikely to appear on the exam. points from MKSAP 17 and added their insights to update the content of Board Basics. Broad differential diagnoses are not provided for most problems. Instead, Board Basics focuses on the enti- Patrick Alguire, MD, FACP, Senior Vice President of the ties that have the highest probability of appearing on Medical Education Division of the American College of the exam as the “correct answers.” Critical points that Physicians, served as Editor-in-Chief, reviewing and appear on the exam are often presented here in isola- distilling the MKSAP 17 text by eliminating overlap and tion, stripped of context that is not relevant to answering excessive material to focus the text as sharply as possible. a multiple-choice question. If you review these points The end product is what you have in your hands—the best shortly before your exam, you will have the best chance Board prep tool that you will find anywhere. We hope you of remembering what you need to know to do well. enjoy it and benefit from your study. Best wishes on your Knowing that most Board questions are prefaced with the exam. words “most likely,” we have tried to be very directive, skipping important steps in the patient evaluation. When Douglas S. Paauw, MD, MACP you see the words “select” or “choose,” think in terms of Editor selecting or choosing a particular answer, not an Board Basics ii This document is licensed for individual use only. Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. All rights reserved. AOBK015_fm_pi-xii.indd 2 9/24/15 8:04 AM http://medsouls4you.blogspot.com/ Board Basics Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP, Editor-in-Chief2 John P. Flaherty, MD2 Senior Vice President, Medical Education Professor of Medicine American College of Physicians Associate Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois Douglas S. Paauw, MD, MACP, Editor1 Professor of Medicine Nasrollah Ghahramani, MD, MS, FACP1 Director, Medicine Student Programs Associate Professor of Medicine and Public Health Sciences Rathmann Family Foundation Chair for Patient-Centered Associate Director Clinical Education Internal Medicine Residency Program University of Washington Division of Nephrology Seattle, Washington Penn State College of Medicine Hershey, Pennsylvania Contributors Robert Kaniecki, MD1 Assistant Professor of Neurology James Burke, MD1 Co-Director, Neurology Residency Program Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania University Program Director, Fellowship in Cardiovascular Maryann K. Overland, MD1 Disease Assistant Professor Lankenau Medical Center Associate Program Director, Internal Medicine Designated Institutional Official for Graduate Medical University of Washington School of Medicine Education Seattle, Washington Main Line Health Brian S. Porter, MD2 Wynnewood, Pennsylvania Clinical Instructor Aaron J. Calderon, MD, FACP2 Section of Cardiology Chairman, Department of Medicine Department of Medicine Program Director, Internal Medicine Residency Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center St. Joseph Hospital Lebanon, New Hampshire Professor of Clinical Medicine Benjamin T. Suratt, MD1 University of Colorado SOM Associate Chief, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Denver, Colorado Professor of Medicine and Cell & Molecular Biology Ana M. Cilursu, MD, FACP1 University of Vermont College of Medicine Staff Rheumatologist Burlington, Vermont Shore Physicians Group Abraham Thomas, MD, MPH, FACP1 Somers Point, New Jersey Senior Vice-President and Chairman of Medicine Galloway, New Jersey NYU Lutheran Anthony A. Donato, MD, MHPE1 Brooklyn, New York Associate Program Director, Internal Medicine Jennifer M. Weiss, MD, MS1 Reading Health System Assistant Professor Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson Department of Medicine University University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health West Reading, Pennsylvania Madison, Wisconsin iii This document is licensed for individual use only. Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. All rights reserved. AOBK015_fm_pi-xii.indd 3 9/24/15 8:04 AM http://medsouls4you.blogspot.com/ Ted Wun, MD2 Julia Nawrocki1 Professor and Associate Dean (Research) Staff Editor Chief, Division of Hematology Oncology Kimberly Kerns1 UC Davis School of Medicine Administrative Coordinator Sacramento, California Rosemarie Houton1 Administrative Representative Board Basics ACP Editorial Staff Susan Galeone1, Staff Editor 1. Has no relationships with any entity producing, marketing, reselling, or distributing Margaret Wells1, Director, Self-Assessment and Educational health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. Programs 2. Has disclosed relationship(s) with any entity producing, marketing, reselling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. Becky Krumm1, Managing Editor Disclosure of Relationships with any entity producing, ACP Principal Staff marketing, reselling, or distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP2 Senior Vice President, Medical Education Patrick C. Alguire, MD, FACP Consultantship Sean McKinney1 National Board of Medical Examiners Vice President, Medical Education Royalties Margaret Wells1 UpToDate Director, Self-Assessment and Educational Programs Stock Options/Holdings Amgen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Stryker Philip A. Masters, MD, FACP1 Corporation, Zimmer, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Director, Clinical Content Development Medtronic, Covidien, Express Scripts Senior Physician Educator Aaron J. Calderon, MD, FACP Cynthia D. Smith, MD, FACP2 Speakers Bureau Director, Clinical Program Development MedStudy Senior Physician Educator Stock Options/Holdings Becky Krumm1 Pfizer, Merck, Abbott, Medtronic Managing Editor John Flaherty, MD Katie Idell1 Board Member Manager, Clinical Skills and Digital Programs Alliance of Academic Internal Medicine Consultantship Valerie A. Dangovetsky1 CVS Caremark Administrator Brian Porter, MD Ellen McDonald, PhD1 Employment Senior Staff Editor University of Washington Megan Zborowski1 Cynthia D. Smith, MD, FACP Senior Staff Editor Stock Options/Holdings Randy Hendrickson1 Merck and Co.; spousal employment at Merck Production Administrator/Editor Ted Wun, MD Linnea Donnarumma1 Other Staff Editor Committee Memberships: Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine, American Society of Hematology, Sickle Cell Susan Galeone1 Adult Provider Network Staff Editor Advisory Boards and Steering Committees Jackie Twomey1 CALLISTO Program (Janssen, Inc.), RESET Study (Pfizer, Staff Editor Inc.) iv This document is licensed for individual use only. Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. All rights reserved. AOBK015_fm_pi-xii.indd 4 9/24/15 8:04 AM http://medsouls4you.blogspot.com/ Acknowledgments are required to use generic names in the discussion of therapeutic options and are required to identify any unap- The American College of Physicians (ACP) gratefully proved, off-label, or investigative use of commercial prod- acknowledges the special contributions to the develop- ucts or devices. Where a trade name is used, all available ment and production of the 17th edition of the Medical trade names for the same product type are also included. Knowledge Self-Assessment Program® (MKSAP® 17) made If trade-name products manufactured by companies with by the following people: whom contributors have relationships are discussed, con- Graphic Design: Michael Ripca (Graphics Technical tributors are asked to provide evidence-based citations Administrator) and WFGD Studio (Graphic Designers). in support of the discussion. The information is reviewed by the committee responsible for producing this text. If Production/Systems: Dan Hoffmann (Director, Web necessary, adjustments to topics or contributors’ roles in Services & Systems Development), Neil Kohl (Senior content development are made to balance the discussion. Architect), Chris Patterson (Senior Architect), and Scott Further, all readers of this text are asked to evaluate the Hurd (Manager, Web Projects & CMS Services). content for evidence of commercial bias and send any rel- MKSAP 17 Digital: Under the direction of Steven Spadt, Vice evant comments to [email protected] so that President, Digital Products & Services, the digital version of future decisions about content and contributors can be MKSAP 17 was developed within the ACP’s Digital Product made in light of this information. Development Department, led by Brian Sweigard (Director). Other members of the team included Dan Barron (Senior Resolution of Conflicts Web Application Developer/Architect), Chris Forrest (Senior Software Developer/Design Lead), Kara Kronenwetter To resolve all conflicts of interest and influences of vested (Senior Web Developer), Brad Lord (Senior Web Application interests, the ACP precluded members of the content- Developer), John McKnight (Senior Web Developer), and creation committee from deciding on any content issues Nate Pershall (Senior Web Developer). that involved generic or trade-name products associated with proprietary entities with which these committee The College also wishes to acknowledge that many other members had relationships. In addition, content was persons, too numerous to mention, have contributed to based on best evidence and updated clinical care guide- the production of this program. Without their dedicated lines, when such evidence and guidelines were available. efforts, this program would not have been possible. Contributors’ disclosure information can be found with the list of contributors’ names and those of ACP principal MKSAP Resource Site staff listed in the beginning of this book. (mksap.acponline.org) The MKSAP Resource Site (mksap.acponline.org) is a Educational Disclaimer continually updated site that provides links to MKSAP The editors and publisher of MKSAP 17 recognize that the 17 online answer sheets for print subscribers; the lat- development of new material offers many opportunities est details on Continuing Medical Education (CME) and for error. Despite our best efforts, some errors may persist Maintenance of Certification (MOC) in the United States, in print. Drug dosage schedules are, we believe, accurate Canada, and Australia; errata; and other new information. and in accordance with current standards. Readers are advised, however, to ensure that the recommended dos- Disclosure Policy ages in MKSAP 17 concur with the information provided in the product information material. This is especially It is the policy of the American College of Physicians important in cases of new, infrequently used, or highly (ACP) to ensure balance, independence, objectivity, and toxic drugs. Application of the information in MKSAP 17 scientific rigor in all of its educational activities. To this remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner. end, and consistent with the policies of the ACP and the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education The primary purpose of MKSAP 17 is educational. (ACCME), contributors to all ACP continuing medical Information presented, as well as publications, technologies, education activities are required to disclose all relevant products, and/or services discussed, is intended to inform financial relationships with any entity producing, mar- subscribers about the knowledge, techniques, and experi- keting, re-selling, or distributing health care goods or ences of the contributors. A diversity of professional opinion services consumed by, or used on, patients. Contributors exists, and the views of the contributors are their own and v This document is licensed for individual use only. Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. All rights reserved. AOBK015_fm_pi-xii.indd 5 9/24/15 8:04 AM http://medsouls4you.blogspot.com/ not those of the ACP. Inclusion of any material in the pro- The ACP will consider granting an individual permis- gram does not constitute endorsement or recommendation sion to reproduce only limited portions of this publi- by the ACP. The ACP does not warrant the safety, reliability, cation for his or her own exclusive use. Send requests accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of and disclaims any in writing to MKSAP® Permissions, American College of and all liability for damages and claims that may result from Physicians, 190 N. Independence Mall West, Philadelphia, the use of information, publications, technologies, products, PA 19106-1572, or email your request to mksap_editors@ and/or services discussed in this program. acponline.org. MKSAP 17 ISBN: 978-1-938245-18-3 Publisher’s Information (Board Basics) ISBN: 978-1-938245-44-2 Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. For order information in the U.S. or Canada call 800-523- This publication is protected by copyright. No part of 1546, extension 2600. All other countries call 215-351- this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval 2600, (M-F, 9 am – 5 pm ET). Fax inquiries to 215-351-2799 system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, elec- or email to [email protected]. tronic or mechanical, including photocopy, without the express consent of the ACP. Errata Unauthorized Use of This Book Errata for MKSAP 17 will be available through the MKSAP Is Against the Law Resource Site at mksap.acponline.org as new information becomes known to the editors. Unauthorized reproduction of this publication is unlaw- ful. The ACP prohibits reproduction of this publication or any of its parts in any form either for individual use or for distribution. vi This document is licensed for individual use only. Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. All rights reserved. AOBK015_fm_pi-xii.indd 6 9/24/15 8:04 AM http://medsouls4you.blogspot.com/ Table of Contents Cardiovascular Medicine Pityriasis Rosea .................................53 Acute Coronary Syndromes ........................ 1 Acneiform Lesions ..............................53 Chronic Stable Angina ............................6 Dermatophyte and Yeast Infections ................55 Heart Failure ....................................7 Molluscum Contagiosum .........................57 Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction ........9 Leishmaniasis ..................................58 Dilated Cardiomyopathy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Herpes Zoster ...................................58 Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ......................10 Scabies ........................................59 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy .................... 11 Bedbugs .......................................60 Restrictive Cardiomyopathy ....................... 13 Seborrheic Keratosis .............................60 Palpitations and Syncope ......................... 14 Warts ..........................................60 Heart Block .................................... 15 Actinic Keratosis ................................61 Atrial Fibrillation ................................ 18 Squamous Cell Carcinoma ........................61 Atrial Flutter ...................................20 Basal Cell Carcinoma ............................61 Supraventricular Tachycardia .....................20 Dysplastic Nevi .................................62 Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome .................23 Melanoma .....................................62 Ventricular Tachycardia ..........................24 Urticaria .......................................64 Sudden Cardiac Death ...........................26 Drug Allergy ...................................65 Acute Pericarditis ...............................28 Pemphigus Vulgaris and Pemphigoid ...............67 Pericardial Tamponade and Constriction ............29 Erythema Multiforme ............................69 Heart Murmurs ................................. 31 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ......................................69 Rheumatic Fever ................................ 31 Dermatologic Signs of Systemic Disease .............70 Aortic Stenosis ..................................32 Bicuspid Aortic Valve ............................33 Endocrinology and Metabolism Aortic Regurgitation .............................34 Mitral Stenosis ..................................35 Diabetes Mellitus ................................73 Mitral Regurgitation .............................36 Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome ...........77 Mitral Valve Prolapse .............................37 Diabetic Ketoacidosis ............................ 77 Tricuspid Regurgitation ..........................37 Diabetes Care for Hospitalized Patients .............78 Prosthetic Heart Valves ...........................38 Pregnancy and Diabetes ..........................78 Atrial Septal Defect ..............................38 Hypoglycemia in Patients Without Diabetes .........79 Coarctation of the Aorta ..........................40 Hypopituitarism ................................80 Patent Ductus Arteriosus .........................40 Pituitary Tumors ................................ 81 Patent Foramen Ovale ............................ 41 Diabetes Insipidus ...............................82 Ventricular Septal Defect ......................... 41 Empty Sella Syndrome ...........................83 Infective Endocarditis ............................ 41 Hyperthyroidism ................................83 Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection ...........44 Hypothyroidism ................................86 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ......................45 Thyroid Nodules ................................87 Aortic Atheroemboli .............................45 Hypercortisolism (Cushing Syndrome) .............89 Peripheral Arterial Disease ........................46 Adrenal Incidentaloma ...........................90 Myxoma .......................................48 Hypoadrenalism (Addison Disease) ................90 Pheochromocytoma .............................92 Dermatology Primary Hyperaldosteronism .....................92 Eczemas .......................................49 Primary Amenorrhea ............................93 Psoriasis ....................................... 51 Secondary Amenorrhea ..........................94 vii This document is licensed for individual use only. Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. All rights reserved. AOBK015_fm_pi-xii.indd 7 9/24/15 8:04 AM http://medsouls4you.blogspot.com/ Polycystic Ovary Syndrome .......................95 Lower GI Bleeding .............................. 137 Infertility ......................................95 Bleeding of Obscure Origin ...................... 137 Male Hypogonadism .............................96 General Internal Medicine Hyperparathyroidism and Hypercalcemia ...........97 Biostatistics ...................................139 Hypocalcemia ..................................99 Screening and Prevention ....................... 142 Osteoporosis ..................................100 Smoking Cessation ............................. 144 Osteomalacia ..................................102 Alcohol Use Disorder ........................... 145 Vitamin D Deficiency ...........................102 Intimate Partner Violence .......................146 Paget Disease ..................................103 Patient Safety .................................. 147 Gastroenterology and Hepatology Medical Ethics and Professionalism ............... 148 Dysphagia .....................................104 Palliative Care .................................150 Achalasia .....................................104 Chronic Noncancer Pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease .................105 Chronic Cough ................................ 152 Barrett Esophagus ..............................106 Chronic Fatigue ................................ 152 Esophagitis ....................................106 Vertigo ....................................... 153 Peptic Ulcer Disease ............................ 107 Insomnia ..................................... 154 Nonulcer Dyspepsia ............................108 Syncope ...................................... 155 Gastroparesis ..................................109 Musculoskeletal Pain ...........................156 Complications of Bariatric and Gastric Dyslipidemia ..................................160 Surgery .......................................109 Obesity ....................................... 161 Acute Pancreatitis .............................. 110 Male Sexual Dysfunction ........................ 162 Chronic Pancreatitis .............................112 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia .....................163 Autoimmune Pancreatitis ........................112 Acute Scrotal Pain ..............................163 Acute Diarrhea ................................ 113 Acute Prostatitis ...............................164 Chronic Diarrhea .............................. 113 Female Sexual Dysfunction ......................164 Malabsorption ................................. 114 Breast Cancer Prevention and Screening ...........164 Celiac Disease ................................. 115 Breast Mass ...................................165 Inflammatory Bowel Disease ..................... 116 Cervical Cancer Screening .......................166 Microscopic Colitis ............................. 118 Contraception .................................166 Chronic Constipation ........................... 118 Menopause .................................... 167 Irritable Bowel Syndrome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ......................168 Diverticular Disease ............................120 Dysmenorrhea .................................169 Mesenteric Ischemia and Ischemic Colitis ..........120 Pelvic Pain ....................................169 Differentiating Cholestatic and Hepatocellular Vaginitis ...................................... 170 Diseases ...................................... 121 Eye Disorders .................................. 171 Hepatitis A .................................... 122 Hearing Loss .................................. 174 Hepatitis B .................................... 122 Otitis Media ................................... 175 Hepatitis C .................................... 124 External Otitis ................................. 175 Alcoholic Hepatitis ............................. 125 Sinusitis ...................................... 176 Autoimmune Hepatitis .......................... 126 Allergic Rhinitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Hemochromatosis .............................. 126 Pharyngitis .................................... 177 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease .................. 127 Depression .................................... 178 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ........................ 127 Bipolar Disorder ............................... 179 Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis ................... 128 Generalized Anxiety Disorder ....................180 Cirrhosis ...................................... 129 Social Anxiety Disorder .........................180 Acute Liver Injury and Acute Liver Failure .......... 131 Panic Disorder .................................180 Liver Disease Associated with Pregnancy .......... 133 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders .......... 181 Gallstones, Acute Cholecystitis, and Cholangitis ..... 133 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder .................... 181 Upper GI Bleeding .............................. 135 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder .................. 182 viii This document is licensed for individual use only. Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. All rights reserved. AOBK015_fm_pi-xii.indd 8 9/24/15 8:04 AM http://medsouls4you.blogspot.com/ Eating Disorders ............................... 182 Autoimmune Encephalitis .......................220 Schizophrenia .................................183 Cellulitis and Soft Tissue Infection ................220 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ..........183 Diabetic Foot Infections .........................223 Autism Spectrum Disorders ......................183 Toxic Shock Syndrome ..........................224 Falls ..........................................184 Community-Acquired Pneumonia ................225 Urinary Incontinence ...........................184 Lyme Disease .................................. 227 Chronic Venous Insufficiency ....................185 Babesiosis .....................................228 Pressure Ulcers ................................185 Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis ...................228 Involuntary Weight Loss .........................186 Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever ...................229 Perioperative Medicine .......................... 187 Cystitis .......................................229 Pyelonephritis ................................. 231 Hematology Tuberculosis ................................... 231 Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection .........234 Hemoglobinuria ...............................190 Aspergillosis ...................................234 Pure Red Cell Aplasia ........................... 191 Candida Infections .............................235 Neutropenia ................................... 191 Cryptococcal Infection ..........................236 Myelodysplastic Syndromes ...................... 191 Endemic Mycosis ...............................236 Myeloproliferative Neoplasms .................... 192 Chlamydia trachomatis Infection ................237 Eosinophilia and Hypereosinophilic Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection ..................237 Syndromes ....................................195 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease .....................238 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ..................195 Syphilis .......................................239 Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia ....................195 Herpes Simplex Virus Infection ................... 241 Plasma Cell Dyscrasias ..........................196 Genital Warts ..................................242 Normocytic Anemia ............................199 Osteomyelitis ..................................242 Microcytic Anemia .............................200 Fever of Unknown Origin .......................244 Macrocytic Anemia .............................201 Primary Immunodeficiency ......................245 Hemolytic Anemia .............................202 Complement Deficiency .........................246 Sickle Cell Disease ..............................204 Bioterrorism ...................................246 Thalassemia ...................................206 Smallpox .....................................247 Transfusion Medicine ...........................207 Anthrax ......................................247 Approach to Bleeding Disorders ..................209 Plague ........................................248 Common Acquired Bleeding Disorders ............209 Tularemia .....................................248 Hemophilia ...................................210 Botulism ......................................249 von Willebrand Disease ......................... 211 Viral Hemorrhagic Fever .........................249 Immune Thrombocytopenia ..................... 212 Malaria .......................................249 Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura– Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome .................... 213 Leptospirosis ..................................250 Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Infectious Gastrointestinal Syndromes ............. 251 Thrombosis ................................... 214 Posttransplantation Infections ....................252 Thrombophilia ................................ 214 Catheter-Associated UTIs ........................253 Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Hospital-Acquired and Ventilator-Associated Embolism .....................................216 Pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Anemia and Thrombocytopenia in Clostridium difficile Antibiotic-Associated Pregnancy .................................... 217 Diarrhea ......................................254 Catheter-Related Intravascular Infection ...........254 Infectious Disease HIV Infection ..................................255 Bacterial Meningitis ............................ 218 Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia ................258 Brain Abscess .................................. 219 Toxoplasmosis .................................259 Herpes Simplex Encephalitis ..................... 219 Influenza Virus ................................260 West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease ..................219 Epstein-Barr Virus .............................. 261 ix This document is licensed for individual use only. Copyright © 2015 American College of Physicians. All rights reserved. AOBK015_fm_pi-xii.indd 9 9/24/15 8:04 AM