Blood Substitutes - Present and Future Perspectives - E. Tsuchida (Elsevier, 1998) WW

409 Pages·1998·21.36 MB·English

Blood Substitutes
Present and Future Perspectives

Cover illustration taken from Chapter 6 'Overview of the Effects of Diaspirin
Crosslinked Hemoglobin (DCLHb) on Oxygenation, Perfusion of the
Microcirculation, and Clinical Studies' by K.E. Burhop and T.H. Schmitz.

Blood Substitutes
Present and Future Perspectives

edited by

Eishun Tsuchida
Department of Polymer Chemistry
Waseda University
Tokyo, Japan

1998

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First edition 1998

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A catalog record from the Library of Congress has been applied for.

ISBN: 0 444 20524 1

Transferred to digital printing 2005

Printed and bound by Antony Rowe Ltd, Eastbourne

PREFACE

This book contains the selected papers presented at the seventh International
Symposium on Blood Substitutes (7th ISBS) held at Ibuka Memorial Hall, the
International Conference Center of Waseda University in Tokyo on 7-10 September
1997. In keeping with the scientific design of the 7th ISBS Symposium, chapters have
been carefully selected and organized to showcase the advancements in recent
research. Furthermore, the newest developments after 7th ISBS are also included.
The first highlight is "The Current Status of Blood Substitutes" including up-to-date
clinical results of leading companies which are manufacturing hemoglobin-based or
perfluorocarbon-based blood substitutes. The following chapter is the report of a
roundtable discussion, "The Target and Assessment of Clinical Tests." I believe that
readers will enjoy this chapter which expresses real targets of the products and issues
of clinical trials, which also reflects the high activity in this area. I wish to thank Prof.
M. Takaori who edited this report as a chairperson. Before the submission of the
chapter, he asked all speakers to check their statements and discussions and revise
them more comprehensively for readers. Indeed, the good use of hemoglobin-based
materials as hemoglobin formulation is remarkable, but the development of oxygen
infusion should be more important.

The following chapters are advanced techniques to evaluate the oxygen carrying
efficacy in vitro and in vivo including microcirculation measurements. "Development
in Encapsulated Hemoglobin," will focus on encapsulated hemoglobins as one of the
prime candidates for use in the next generation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers.
The book covers issues of hemoglobin toxicity and side effects such as vasoconstric-
tion in more detail using carefully designed in vivo and ex vivo techniques. "Platelet
Substitutes" introduce a new subject area to the session lineup at ISBS Symposia, and
they are also included in this book. Of course, this book is also a collection of various
new types of red cell substitutes such as recombinant hemoglobins, recombinant
albumin-Hpidheme complex, modified red blood cells, and perfluorochemicals using
material science and molecular engineering. I hope this lineup will go a long way to
make this book a successful interdisciplinary landmark toward the beginning of the
coming century.

The editor wishes to thank all participants for their contributions and oifers
gratitude to the members of the Organizing Committee, to the Scientific Program
Committee, and especially to Drs. H. Nishide and S. Takeoka, the Conference
Secretariat. Finally, it is a pleasure to express indebtedness for the staff of Elsevier
for their support for publishing this book and their forbearance and unfaihng
courtesy.

The Editor
Eishun Tsuchida
Tokyo, May 1998

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Perspectives of Blood Substitutes
1
E. Tsuchida

Chapter 2 The Role of Blood Substitutes in Emerging Healthcare Systems
15
R.M. Winslow

Chapter 3 Red Cell Substitutes: Evolution of Approaches for
Demonstrating Efficacy
33
J.C. Fratantoni

Chapter 4 The Clinical Utility of Human Polymerized Hemoglobins as a
Blood Substitute Following Acute Trauma and Urgent Surgery
41
S.A. Gould, E.E. Moore, F.A. Moore, J.B. Haenel, J.M. Burch,
H. Sehgal, L. Sehgal, R. DeWoskin, G.S. Moss

Chapter 5 Recent Progress in the Development of Recombinant Human
Hemoglobin (rHbl.l) as an Oxygen Therapeutic
55
J.W. Freytag, R.F. Caspari, R.J. Gorczynski

Chapter 6 Overview of the Effects of Diaspirin Crosslinked Hemoglobin
(DCLHb) on Oxygenation, Perfusion of the Microcirculation, and
Clinical Studies
75
K.E. Burhop, T.H. Schmitz

Chapter 7 Update on Perfluorocarbon-Based Oxygen DeHvery Systems
91
J.G. Riess, P.E. Keipert

Chapter 8 Red Cell Substitutes: Past Problems, Current Dilemmas
103
A.G. Greenburg

Chapter 9 Round Table Discussion: "The Target and Assessment of Clinical
Tests"
111
M. Takaori

Chapter 10 Biophysical Criteria for Microcirculatory Efficacy of Blood
Substitutes
125
A.G. Tsai, B. Friensenecker, H. Sakai, H. Kerger, M. Intaglietta

Chapter 11 Experimental and Mathematical Simulation of Oxygen
Transport by Hemoglobin-based Blood Substitute
135
T.C. Page, W.R. Light, J.D. Heliums

Chapter 12 Tissue Oxygen Delivery and Tissue Distribution of Liposome
Encapsulated Hemoglobin
147
W.T. Phillips, B. Coins, R. Klipper, B.G. Cook, C. Martin, L. Lemen,
P.A. Jerabek, S. Khalvati, P.T. Fox, R.O. CliflF, V. Kwasiborski,
A.S. Rudolph

Chapter 13 Polymeric Biodegradable Hemoglobin Nanocapsule as a
New Red Blood Cell Substitute
161
T.M.S. Chang, W.P. Yu

Chapter 14 Evaluation of the Oxygen Transporting Capability of
Hemoglobin Vesicles
171
S. Takeoka, H. Sakai, K. Kobayashi, E. Tsuchida

Chapter 15 Microvascular Responses to Hemodilution with Hb-Vesicles:
Importance of Resistance Arteries and Mechanisms of Vasoconstriction
185
H. Sakai, A.G. Tsai, E. Tsuchida, M. Intaglietta

Chapter 16 Hemoglobin-based Blood Substitutes and Mechanisms of
Toxicity
201
A.I. Alayash

Chapter 17 in vivo Oxygenation of Deoxy-Hemolink^^ Following Exchange
Transfusions of 50% or 90% the Blood Volume in Rats
211
J. Ning, S.S. Er, L.T. Wong

Chapter 18 Safety and Efficacy of Hemoglobin Modified by Cross-linking or
Polymerization
225
J.C. Bakker, W.K. Bleeker, H.J.H. Hens, P.T.M. Biessels, M. van Iterson,
A. Trouwborst

Chapter 19 The Heme Oxygenase System In Liver Microcirculation: A Key
Mechanism for Hemoglobin Degradation
241
M. Suematsu, Y. Wakabayashi, N. Goda, S. Takeoka, E. Tsuchida,
Y. Ishimura

Chapter 20 Vascular Activities of Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers
251
K. Nakai, I. Sakuma, A. Kitabatake

Chapter 21 Zero-Hnk Polymerization: a New Class of Polymeric
Hemoglobins
265
A. Razynska, E. Bucci

Chapter 22 Recombinant Hemoglobins with Low Oxygen Affinity and High
Cooperativity
281
C. Ho, D.P. Sun, T.J. Shen, N.T. Ho, M. Zou, C.K. Hu, Z.Y. Sun,
J.A. Lukin

Chapter 23 Properties of Poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated Red Blood Cells
297
T.C. Fisher, J.K. Armstrong, H.J. Meiselman, R.M. Leger, P.A. Arndt,
G. Garratty

Chapter 24 Oxygen-Transport Albumin: A New Hemoprotein
Incorporating Lipidheme as a Red Cell Substitute
315
T. Komatsu, E. Tsuchida, K. Kobayashi

Chapter 25 Fluorocarbon Emulsions as Blood Substitutes
327
K.C. Lowe

Chapter 26 Heparin-like New Molecules with Blood
339
R. Barbucci

Chapter 27 Recent Developments and Future Perspectives for Preserved
Platelets and Platelet Substitutes
359
B.M. Alving, C. Krishnamurti

Chapter 28 Development and Clinical Implications of Platelet Substitutes
373
Y. Ikeda, M. Murata

Chapter 29 Impact on the Appearance of Blood Substitutes Replacing
Blood in Transfusion Medicine
383
S. Sekiguchi