Table Of Content

B From the tiny Bee Hummingbird to the huge Wandering Albatross, Bird brings the diversity and drama of the avian world to life. Capturing the wonder of birds in their natural I environments, this unrivaled guide spans the globe and focuses in vivid detail on the appearance, R behavior, and lives of over 1,000 species. D vt ih s ue ad le BIRD gf i un i i d t ei v e Includes CD the definitive visual guide ISBN 978-0-7566-3153-6 Printed in Singapore 55000 Discover more at www.dk.com 9 780756 631536 BIRD BIRD the definitive visual guide s abOUT ThIs bOOk 6 london, new york, Melbourne, fORewORD by dr michael rands, Munich and delhi birdlife international 9 t senior editor managing art editor Peter Frances louise dick n managing editor senior managing art editor INTRODUCTION Sarah larter Phil ormerod production controllers JacKet designer BIRD ANATOMY 24 Melanie dowland, Shane higgins duncan Turner e SENSES 26 reference publisher art director FEATHERS 28 Jonathan Metcalf bryn walls WINGS 30 t schermuly design company FLIGHT 32 proJect editor art director GLIDING AND SOARING 34 cathy Meeus hugh Schermuly n LEGS AND FEET 36 editors designers BILLS 38 Gill edden, Jo Godfrey wood, ben hoare Steve woosnam-Savage, lee riches FEEDING ON ANIMALS 40 dK delhi o FEEDING ON PLANTS 42 dtp coordinators dtp designer COMMUNICATION 44 balwant Singh, Sunil Sharma Govind Mittal DEFENCE 46 editors designers Saloni Talwar, alicia ingty, aditi ray, Mini dhawan, romi chakraborty, c BREEDING 48 ankush Saikia, rohan Sinha, Pankhoori Tannishtha chakraborty COURTSHIP 50 Sinha, aakriti Singhal art director NESTS AND EGGS 52 editorial managers Shefali upadhyay PARENTAL CARE 54 dipali Singh, Glenda Fernandes head of publishing LIVING TOGETHER 56 aparna Sharma MIGRATION 58 birdlife international MIGRATION ROUTES 60 proJect co-ordinator species distribution mapping BIRDS UNDER THREAT 62 adrian long Mark balman, Gill bunting, ian Fisher, CONSERVATION 64 Simon Mahood, dan omolo, louisa richmond-coggan, andy Symes EXTINCT BIRDS 66 audubon proJect co-ordinator editorial consultant Sandy Pinto Sally conyne habITaTs indexer Sue butterworth BIRD GEOGRAPHY 70 picture researchers BIRD HABITATS 72 neil Fletcher, will Jones GRASSLANDS 74 illustrator DESERTS 76 John woodcock TROPICAL FOREST 78 First published in Great britain in 2007 TEMPERATE FOREST 80 by dorling kindersley limited CONIFEROUS FOREST 82 80 Strand, london wc2r 0rl HEATH AND SCRUBLAND 84 a Penguin company MOUNTAINS 86 copyright © 2007 dorling kindersley limited POLAR REGIONS 88 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 WETLANDS 90 COASTS 92 all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, OCEANS AND SEAS 94 mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the copyright owner. FARMLAND AND CITIES 96 a ciP catalogue record for this book is available from the british library iSbn 978 1 4053 0633 1 colour reproduction by colourscan, Singapore Printed and bound in Singapore by Star Standard ltd See our complete catalogue at www.dk.com bIRD sPeCIes CLASSIFICATION 100 TINAMOUS 102 OSTRICHES 103 RHEAS 104 CASSOWARIES AND EMUS 105 KIWIS 106 GAMEBIRDS 107 WATERFOWL 120 PENGUINS 136 DIVERS 143 ALBATROSSES AND PETRELS 144 GREBES 152 FLAMINGOS 154 STORKS AND HERONS 158 PELICANS AND RELATIVES 170 BIRDS OF PREY 180 CRANES AND RELATIVES 206 WADERS, GULLS, AND AUKS 218 SANDGROUSE 243 PIGEONS AND DOVES 246 PARROTS 252 CUCKOOS AND TURACOS 272 OWLS 278 NIGHTJARS AND FROGMOUTHS 288 SWIFTS AND HUMMINGBIRDS 292 MOUSEBIRDS 300 TROGONS 300 KINGFISHERS AND RELATIVES 304 WOODPECKERS AND TOUCANS 315 PASSERINES 330 GLOssaRY 490 INDeX 494 aCkNOwLeDGMeNTs 510 about this book contributors david burnie Introduction, Habitats, introductions to bird orders this book is divided into three chapters. An overview ben hoare Great Sites, introductions to passerine families, Glossary of the physiology and behaviour of birds is given in the Joseph dicostanzo Introductions to passerine families ; the chapter on looks at the distribution introduction habitats birdlife international provided the text and maps for of birds throughout the world, both in terms of geography and the species profiles in this book. The species texts were written by the following contributors: types of habitat; and bird species, provides detailed information phil benstead Gamebirds, Waterfowl, Pelicans, Waders, Gulls, and on orders, families, and individual species of bird. Auks, Cuckoos and Turacos, Passerines chris harbard Penguins, Birds of Prey, Kingfishers, Passerines guy Kirwan Rheas, Cassowaries and Emus, Penguins, Divers, Albatrosses and Petrels, Pelicans, Cranes, Pigeons and Doves, Parrots, introduction Swifts and Hummingbirds, Mousebirds, Trogons, Kingfishers, Woodpeckers and Toucans, Passerines (species and families) This opening chapter provides information on the phyical characteristics of birds, Krys Kazmierczak Grebes, Storks and Herons, Cranes, Waders, Gulls, focusing on the aspects of their physiology that differentiate birds from the rest and Auks, Passerines of the animal kingdom. Bird behaviour is also examined, from different feeding James lowen Tinamous, Ostriches, Waterfowl, Gamebirds, Flamingos, preferences and methods to systems of communication, courtship rituals, and Owls, Kingfishers, Woodpeckers and Toucans, Passerines breeding and parenting. There is also coverage of migration behaviour and routes. nick langley Kiwis, Gamebirds, Storks and Herons, Birds of Prey, Threats to birds and steps being undertaken to protect them through conservation Cranes and Relatives, Waders, Gulls, and Auks, Owls, Nightjars and Frogmouths, Passerines (species and families) efforts are also discussed in the closing pages of this chapter. ed parnell Storks and Herons, Birds of Prey, Cranes, Waders, Gulls, TSiiztlee:s :2B5i2r dxs 3(0B1D (1B5l3e)ed5mm) 10220100240/00155/0172:3K0208N0T01-100 TSiiztlee:s :2B5i2r dxs 3(0B1D (1B5l3e)ed5mm) 10230100240/00155/0172:3K0208N0T01-100 and Auks, Parrots, Owls, Woodpeckers and Toucans, passerine families f anatomy and physiology s These pages include detailed ian peters Gamebirds, Birds of Prey, Waders, Gulls, and Auks, Parrots, descriptions of the physical Cuckoos and Turacos, Swifts and Hummingbirds, Kingfishers, characteristics of birds and the Woodpeckers and Toucans, Passerines ways in which these have craig robson Waterfowl, Birds of Prey, Waders, Gulls, and Auks, evolved to serve the needs Sandgrouse, Pigeons and Doves, Passerines of different types of bird in andy symes and richard thomas Additional editorial support. a variety of environments. habitats This chapter opens with an overview of the 022-023_BirdAnatomy_BD153.indd 22 3/5/07 2:00:06 AM022-023_BirdAnatomy_BD153.indd 23 3/5/07 2:01:54 AM biogeographical realms in which birds are distributed bird flight e throughout the world, and the ways in which different This key aspect of bird groups of birds have evolved in different regions over behaviour is examined in detail, including millions of years. An overview of the variety of aerodynamics, different environments - or biomes - in which bird life exists types and patterns of is followed by a detailed description of each main type flight of a variety of of habitat, from polar regions to deserts and urban bird species. environments. These accounts include information about the bird species that are adapted to these conditions and their lifestyle, including diet, nesting, and migration. f bird behaviour TSiiztlee:s 2:B5i2r dxs 3(0B1D (1B5l3e)ed5mm) 10760100630/90148/0572:3K0023N0T81-600 TSiiztlee:s 2:B5i2r dxs 3(0B1D (1B5l3e)ed5mm) 10770100630/90148/0572:3K0023N0T81-600 Covering topics such as social behaviour, courtship, nesting, breeding, and migration, this section addresses all aspects of how birds behave. bird conservation e The final part of this chapter examines how 076-077_TropicForest.indd 76 09/04/07 11:10:44 AM076-077_TropicForest.indd 77 09/04/07 11:11:45 AM a map indicates birds are adapting to the main areas habitats g conditions in the modern of the world in Pages such as the ones shown here world. As well as looking which the habitat describe different habitats and a at the threats, it also exists selection of the typical bird species describes the positive that are found in that habitat. steps that being taken to conserve bird species. bird species distribution maps This final chapter is devoted to a detailed look at over scientific name Each profile includes a map showing 1,200 bird species. It opens with an overview of the the natural range of that species, ospf ethceie psrofiled different ways in which birds are classified. The rest of sometimes including well-established the chapter is organized according to taxonomic order, introduced populations. Different widely accepted with the non-passerine orders being covered first, colours are used to indicate whether Todirhamphus sanctus cthoem pmroofinl enda me of followed by the passerines. Introductory sections the bird is an all-year resident, or Sacred Kingfisher species inhabits the area only during breeding describing the different bird orders and, in the or non-breeding phases. length length and weight passerine section, bird families are followed by profiles 50–65cm (19½–26in) figures are for Non-breeding. Also used adult birds, of individual species within that group. In most cases to indicate ranges for weight with ranges each species profile includes a photograph of the bird, seabirds. 1.4–3.9kg (3–8½lb) encompassing males and females a map showing where it is found, summary data Resident. Areas inhabited migration Non-migrant detailing its size, migration status, and preferred habitat. by non-migrant birds. For the most threatened species, information is also habitat Sub-tropical to temperate forests and shrub, plantations, and farmland given on status according to the IUCN Red List. Breeding. Areas in which a migrant species breeds. red list category The chapter is interspersed with illustrated accounts If the profiled bird species description of types of habitat in of great bird-watching sites around the world. is judged to be Critically which species is found Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable according species profiles e the Red List of the IUCN Pages such as the ones shown here (International Union for contain descriptions of individual the Conservation of species of bird. All species profiles Nature) (see p.67), this contain a text description and a information is given under distribution map, and in most cases a a separate heading photograph of the featured bird. following the habitat description. panel shows position of group being described (indicated with white line) in the classification hierarchy coloured panels provide additional order Pelicaniformes information on the physiology family 8 or behaviour of the species, species 64 places where it is found, or on its relationship with humans f introductions to bird orders and families All bird orders, as well as families within the passerine order, are described in overviews such as these. These introductions cover the common physical and behavioural features of the group. description of the site’s location map providing a visual indication of the location of the area great sites e Throughout the world there are places that are famous for their bird life – either in terms of its selected birds rich variety or the sheer numbers of certain typical of the species that congregate there. These pages species that can focus on a representative selection of these be seen at the places from around the world. Other sites are site are pictured described in panels within species profiles.