Bird APM-16 RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter Instruction Manual

42 Pages·2002·0.53 MB·English

by  Bird Electronic Corporation

INSTRUCTION BOOK
RF DIRECTIONAL
THRULINE® WATTMETER
MODEL APM–16
©Copyright 2002 by Bird Electronic Corporation
Instruction Book Part Number 920-APM16 Rev. C
Thruline® and Termaline® are registered trademarks
of Bird Electronic Corporation
I am not blank
Safety Precautions
The following are general safety precautions that are not necessarily
related to any specific part or procedure, and do not necessarily
appear elsewhere in this publication. These precautions must be
thoroughly understood and applied to all phases of operation and
maintenance.
Keep Away From Live Circuits
Operating personnel must at all times observe general safety
precautions. Do not replace components or make adjustments to the
inside of the test equipment with the high voltage supply turned on.
To avoid casualties, always remove power.
Shock Hazard
Do not attempt to remove the RF transmission line while RF power is
present. Radiated RF power is a potential health hazard.
Do Not Service or Adjust Alone
Under no circumstances should any person reach into an enclosure to
service or adjust the equipment except in the presence of someone who
is capable of rendering aid.
Safety Earth Ground
An uninterruptible safety earth ground must be supplied from the
main power source to test instruments. Grounding one conductor of a
two conductor power cable is not sufficient protection. Serious injury
or death can occur if this grounding is not properly installed.
Resuscitation
Personnel working with or near high voltages should be familiar with
modern methods of resuscitation.
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Bird APM-16 RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter
Safety Symbols
WARNING
Warning notes call attention to a procedure, which if not correctly
performed, could result in personal injury.
CAUTION
Caution notes call attention to a procedure, which if not correctly
performed, could result in damage to the instrument.
This symbol appears on the equipment indicating there is
important information in the instruction manual regarding
that particular area. See page15 for specific cautions.
(cid:1)
Note: Calls attention to supplemental information
Warning Statements
The following warnings appear in the text where there is danger to
operating and maintenance personnel, and are repeated here for
emphasis.
WARNING
Never attempt to connect or disconnect RF equipment from the
transmission line while RF power is being applied. Leaking RF
energy is a potential health hazard.
WARNING
RF voltage may be present in element socket. Keep element in
socket during operation.
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Caution Statements
The following equipment cautions appear in the text whenever the
equipment is in danger of damage, and are repeated here for
emphasis.
CAUTION
For low reflection measurements, do not rotate the reflected power
element to read forward power. Damage to the element or
wattmeter could result.
CAUTION
To prevent damage from battery leakage, remove the battery if the
unit will not be used for more than two weeks.
CAUTION
Handle elements with care. Calibration could be disturbed if they
are dropped.
CAUTION
Do not attempt to remove the RF center conductor. This will
damage the line section.
Safety Statements
USAGE
ANY USE OF THIS INSTRUMENT IN A MANNER NOT
SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER MAY IMPAIR
THE INSTRUMENT’S SAFETY PROTECTION.
USO
EL USO DE ESTE INSTRUMENTO DE MANERA NO
ESPECIFICADA POR EL FABRICANTE, PUEDE ANULAR LA
PROTECCIÓN DE SEGURIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO.
BENUTZUNG
iii
Bird APM-16 RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter
WIRD DAS GERÄT AUF ANDERE WEISE VERWENDET ALS VOM
HERSTELLER BESCHRIEBEN, KANN DIE GERÄTESICHERHEIT
BEEINTRÄCHTIGT WERDEN.
UTILISATION
TOUTE UTILISATION DE CET INSTRUMENT QUI N’EST PAS
EXPLICITEMENT PRÉVUE PAR LE FABRICANT PEUT
ENDOMMAGER LE DISPOSITIF DE PROTECTION DE
L’INSTRUMENT.
IMPIEGO
QUALORA QUESTO STRUMENTO VENISSE UTILIZZATO IN
MODO DIVERSO DA COME SPECIFICATO DAL PRODUTTORE
LA PROZIONE DI SICUREZZA POTREBBE VENIRNE
COMPROMESSA.
SERVICE
SERVICING INSTRUCTIONS ARE FOR USE BY
SERVICE - TRAINED PERSONNEL ONLY. TO AVOID
DANGEROUS ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT PERFORM ANY
SERVICING UNLESS QUALIFIED TO DO SO.
SERVICIO
LAS INSTRUCCIONES DE SERVICIO SON PARA USO
EXCLUSIVO DEL PERSONAL DE SERVICIO CAPACITADO. PARA
EVITAR EL PELIGRO DE DESCARGAS ELÉCTRICAS, NO
REALICE NINGÚN SERVICIO A MENOS QUE ESTÉ
CAPACITADO PARA HACERIO.
WARTUNG
ANWEISUNGEN FÜR DIE WARTUNG DES GERÄTES GELTEN
NUR FÜR GESCHULTES FACHPERSONAL.
ZUR VERMEIDUNG GEFÄHRLICHE, ELEKTRISCHE SCHOCKS,
SIND WARTUNGSARBEITEN AUSSCHLIEßLICH VON
QUALIFIZIERTEM SERVICEPERSONAL DURCHZUFÜHREN.
ENTRENTIEN
iv
L’EMPLOI DES INSTRUCTIONS D’ENTRETIEN DOIT ÊTRE
RÉSERVÉ AU PERSONNEL FORMÉ AUX OPÉRATIONS
D’ENTRETIEN. POUR PRÉVENIR UN CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE
DANGEREUX, NE PAS EFFECTUER D’ENTRETIEN SI L’ON N’A
PAS ÉTÉ QUALIFIÉ POUR CE FAIRE.
RF VOLTAGE MAY BE PRESENT IN RF ELEMENT
SOCKET - KEEP ELEMENT IN SOCKET DURING
OPERATION.
DE LA TENSION H.F. PEAT ÊTRE PRÉSENTE DANS LA PRISE
DE L’ÉLÉMENT H.F. - CONSERVER L’ÉLÉMENT DANS LA PRISE
LORS DE L’EMPLOI.
HF-SPANNUNG KANN IN DER HF-ELEMENT-BUCHSE
ANSTEHEN - ELEMENT WÄHREND DES BETRIEBS
EINGESTÖPSELT LASSEN.
PUEDE HABER VOLTAJE RF EN EL ENCHUFE DEL ELEMENTO
RF - MANTENGA EL ELEMENTO EN EL ENCHUFE DURANTE
LA OPERACION.
IL PORTAELEMENTO RF PUÒ PRESENTARE VOLTAGGIO RF -
TENERE L’ELEMENTO NELLA PRESA DURANTE IL
FUNZIONAMENTO.
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Bird APM-16 RF Directional Thruline Wattmeter
About This Manual
This instruction book covers the Bird APM–16 RF Directional
Thruline Wattmeter.
This instruction book is arranged so that essential safety information
appears in the front of the book. Reading the Safety Precautions
Section before operating the equipment is strongly advised. The
remainder of the book is divided into chapters and sections.
Operation
First time users should read Chapter 1 - Introduction, Chapter 3 -
Installation, and Chapter 2 - Theory of Operation, to get an overview
of equipment capabilities and installation. An experienced operator
can refer to Chapter 4 - Operating Instructions. All instructions
necessary to operate the equipment appears in this chapter.
Maintenance
All personnel should be familiar with the preventive maintenance
found in Chapter 5 - Maintenance. If a failure should occur, the
troubleshooting section will aid in isolating and correcting the cause.
Parts lists and specifications are also in this chapter
Changes to This Manual
We have made every effort to ensure this manual is accurate. If you
should discover any errors or if you have suggestions for improving
this manual, please send your comment to our factory. This manual
may be periodically updated. When inquiring about updates to this
manual refer to the part number and revision level on the title page.
vi
Table of Contents
Safety Precautions..................................................................................i
About This Manual................................................................................vi
Introduction.............................................................................................1
Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Theory of Operation...............................................................................3
Travelling Wave Viewpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Coupling Circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Load Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Standing vs. Travelling Waves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
ρ vs. φ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Low Reflection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Transmitter Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Component Testing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Impedance Mismatch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Installation.............................................................................................13
Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
Connecting RF Power. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Absorption Wattmeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Operating Instructions.........................................................................15
Normal Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Load Matching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Maintenance..........................................................................................21
Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Contact Adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Zero Adjust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
“QC” Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Meter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Instrumentation Module. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Calibration Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Equipment Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Calibrating. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
Replacement Parts List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Available “QC” Type Connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30