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Biosurfactants FOUNDATIONS AND FRONTIERS IN ENZYMOLOGY SERIES SeriesEditor:Munishwar Nath Gupta Series Website: https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals/book-series/books-series- landing-page-request-foundations-and-frontiers-in-enzymology Foundations and Frontiers in Enzymology Biosurfactants Research and Development Edited by Gloria Soberoń-Cha´vez Departamento de Biologıá Molecular y Biotecnolog´ıa, (cid:1) Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autońoma de M(cid:1)exico, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, Mexico Contributors Rodrigo Arreola-Barroso DepartmentofCellEngineeringandBiocatalysis,InstituteofBiotechnology,NationalAutonomous University ofMexico, Cuernavaca,Morelos,Mexico Niki Baccile Sorbonne Universit(cid:1)e, Laboratoirede Chimiede laMatie`re Condens(cid:1)ee de Paris (LCMCP), UMR CNRS 7574, Paris, France IsabelBator iAMB-InstituteofAppliedMicrobiology,ABBt-AachenBiologyandBiotechnology,RWTHAachen University, Aachen,Germany Lars Mathias Blank iAMB-InstituteofAppliedMicrobiology,ABBt-AachenBiologyandBiotechnology,RWTHAachen University, Aachen,Germany StijnBovijn Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department ofBiotechnology, Facultyof Bioscience EngineeringGhent University, Coupure Links, Ghent,Belgium ChettJ. Boxley GlycoSurf, Inc., SaltLakeCity, UT, United States Martijn Castelein Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department ofBiotechnology, Facultyof Bioscience EngineeringGhent University, Coupure Links, Ghent,Belgium (cid:1) B. Cid-Perez ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,CINTECX;AnalyticalandFoodChemistryDepartment,Faculty of Chemistry,University ofVigo, Vigo, Spain J.M. Cruz Chemical Engineering Department, CINTECX, University ofVigo, Vigo, Spain Paulade Camargo Bertuso Interunits GraduateProgramin Bioengineering, University ofSaõ Paulo, Saõ Carlos, SP,Brazil Nicolasde Fooz Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department ofBiotechnology, Facultyof Bioscience EngineeringGhent University, Coupure Links, Ghent;Laboratory of IntegrativeMetabolomics(LIMET),DepartmentofTranslationalPhysiology,InfectiologyandPublic Health,Facultyof VeterinaryMedicine Ghent University, Salisburylaan, Merelbeke,Belgium (cid:1) EricDeziel Centre Armand-Frappier Sant(cid:1)eBiotechnologie, Institut Nationalde la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Universit(cid:1)e du Qu(cid:1)ebec, Laval,QC, Canada Sven Dierickx Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department ofBiotechnology, Facultyof Bioscience EngineeringGhent University, Coupure Links, Ghent;Laboratory of xiii xiv Contributors IntegrativeMetabolomics(LIMET),DepartmentofTranslationalPhysiology,InfectiologyandPublic Health,FacultyofVeterinary Medicine Ghent University, Salisburylaan, Merelbeke, Belgium Holger Dittmann Department ofBioprocess Engineering, University ofHohenheim, Institute ofFood Science and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany MelanieFilbig iAMB-InstituteofAppliedMicrobiology,ABBt-AachenBiologyandBiotechnology,RWTHAachen University, Aachen,Germany € Sigrid Gorgen MicrobialProcesses andInteractionsLab (MiPI),TERRA Teachingand ResearchCentre,Cross border JointResearchUnit(UMRt)BioEcoAgro, GemblouxAgro-Bio Tech/University ofLie`ge, Gembloux, Belgium Tony Gutierrez Institute ofMechanical,Process and Energy Engineering, School ofEngineeringand Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh,UnitedKingdom Rudolf Hausmann Department ofBioprocess Engineering, University ofHohenheim, Institute ofFood Science and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany Marius Henkel Department ofBioprocess Engineering, University ofHohenheim, Institute ofFood Science and Biotechnology, Stuttgart, Germany David E. Hogan Department ofEnvironmentalScience,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States Alexis C.R. Hoste MicrobialProcesses andInteractionsLab (MiPI),TERRA Teachingand ResearchCentre,Cross border JointResearchUnit(UMRt)BioEcoAgro, GemblouxAgro-Bio Tech/University ofLie`ge, Gembloux, Belgium Philippe Jacques MicrobialProcesses andInteractionsLab (MiPI),TERRA Teachingand ResearchCentre,Cross border JointResearchUnit(UMRt)BioEcoAgro, GemblouxAgro-Bio Tech/University ofLie`ge, Gembloux, Belgium Sonja Kubicki Institute ofMolecularEnzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-Universit€atDu€sseldorf,Ju€lich, Germany AlexeyLlopiz DepartmentofCellEngineeringandBiocatalysis,InstituteofBiotechnology,NationalAutonomous University of Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos,Mexico A.Lo´pez-Prieto Chemical EngineeringDepartment,CINTECX,University ofVigo, Vigo, Spain Goedele Luyten Centrefor Industrial Biotechnologyand Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department ofBiotechnology, FacultyofBioscience EngineeringGhent University, CoupureLinks,Ghent,Belgium Contributors xv Raina M. Maier Department of Environmental Science,University ofArizona,Tucson, AZ,United States A. Martıńez-Arcos Chemical Engineering Department, CINTECX, University ofVigo, Vigo, Spain A.B. Moldes Chemical Engineering Department, CINTECX, University ofVigo, Vigo, Spain Christina Nikolova InstituteofMechanical, Processand Energy Engineering, SchoolofEngineeringand Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom MarciaNitschke SaõCarlosInstituteofChemistry;InterunitsGraduatePrograminBioengineering,UniversityofSaõ Paulo,SaõCarlos, SP, Brazil Tathiane FerroniPassos Saõ CarlosInstituteofChemistry, University of Saõ Paulo, Saõ Carlos, SP, Brazil AlexandrePoirier Sorbonne Universit(cid:1)e, Laboratoirede Chimiede laMatie`re Condens(cid:1)ee de Paris (LCMCP), UMR CNRS 7574, Paris, France SophieRoelants Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department ofBiotechnology, Facultyof Bioscience EngineeringGhent University, Coupure Links, Ghent,Belgium GloriaSaab-Rincon DepartmentofCellEngineeringandBiocatalysis,InstituteofBiotechnology,NationalAutonomous University ofMexico, Cuernavaca,Morelos,Mexico Luis Servıń-Gonza´lez Departamentode Biologıá Molecular yBiotecnologıá,Institutode Investigaciones Biom(cid:1)edicas, Universidad Nacional Autońomade M(cid:1)exico, CiudadUniversitaria,CDMX, Mexico GloriaSoberoń-Cha´vez Departamentode Biologıá Molecular yBiotecnologıá,Institutode Investigaciones Biom(cid:1)edicas, Universidad Nacional Autońomade M(cid:1)exico, CiudadUniversitaria,CDMX, Mexico WimSoetaert Centre for Industrial Biotechnology and Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department ofBiotechnology, Facultyof Bioscience EngineeringGhent University, Coupure Links, Ghent,Belgium Mart´ınP. Soto-Aceves Departamentode Biologıá Molecular yBiotecnologıá,Institutode Investigaciones Biom(cid:1)edicas, UniversidadNacionalAutońomadeM(cid:1)exico,CiudadUniversitaria,CDMX,Mexico;Departmentof Microbiology, University ofWashington, Seattle,WA, United States Ryan M. Stolley GlycoSurf, Inc., SaltLakeCity, UT, United States Stephan Thies InstituteofMolecular EnzymeTechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universit€atDu€sseldorf, Ju€lich, Germany xvi Contributors Till Tiso iAMB-InstituteofAppliedMicrobiology,ABBt-AachenBiologyandBiotechnology,RWTHAachen University, Aachen,Germany Lisa Van Renterghem Centrefor Industrial Biotechnologyand Biocatalysis (InBio.be), Department ofBiotechnology, FacultyofBioscience EngineeringGhent University, CoupureLinks,Ghent,Belgium Lynn Vanhaecke Laboratory ofIntegrative Metabolomics (LIMET),Department ofTranslational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health,Facultyof VeterinaryMedicine Ghent University, Salisburylaan, Merelbeke, Belgium X.Vecino Chemical EngineeringDepartment,CINTECX,University ofVigo, Vigo, Spain AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2023ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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ISBN:978-0-323-91697-4 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:StacyMasucci AcquisitionsEditor:PeterB.Linsley EditorialProjectManager:BarbaraMakinster ProductionProjectManager:PunithavathyGovindaradjane CoverDesigner:MarkRogers TypesetbySTRAIVE,India Preface Biosurfactants: Research and Development presents different aspects of the fascinating molecules, withdifferentchemicalstructuresbutwiththecommonabilitytoactassurfactants,producedbydif- ferenttypesofmicroorganismslikebacteriaandfungi.Thisbookhighlightsseveraluniquecharacter- isticsandapplicationsofbiosurfactantsthatrelynotonlyontheirtension-activepropertiesbutalsoon theirbiologicalactivities,presentssomeofthechallengesoftheirindustrialapplication,anddiscusses themainresearchareasinthisemergingfield.Thisbookwillbeofinterestnotonlytoexpertsinthe field,whowillbeabletoreviewthemostrecentresearchresultsandthedevelopmentofnovelappli- cationsofbiosurfactants,butalsotostudentsoryoungscientistsinterestedintheareasofmicrobiology andbiotechnology,whocanlearnaboutthefascinatingpropertiesofbiosurfactantsaswellasthemi- croorganismsthatproducethemandtheirgeneticmanipulationtoincreasetheirproductivity.Aunique characteristic of this book is that it contains contributions from authors working on different ap- proachesandbiologicalmodels;itincludesasectionthatpresentsnovelapproachesforthesynthesis of biosurfactants that are based on synthetic approaches or biocatalysis. Thus, Biosurfactants: Research and Development fulfills the need of having a book that describes the fascinating world of biosurfactants, presents an updated review of the field, and combines different approaches from themorefundamentalaspectsofthesemoleculestotheirdifferentpotential applications, which will be interestingtoa wide audience. Surfactants,astension-activecompounds,mayactasdetergents,wettingagents,emulsifiers,foam- ingagents,anddispersants.Thesecharacteristicsmakethemamenableforawiderangeofindustrial applicationsrangingfromoilrecovery,toagriculture,aspartofsoapsanddetergents,andinthecos- meticsandfoodindustries,amongothers.Mostofthesurfactantscurrentlyinthemarketarechemically synthetized and are produced at a very low cost, but generally they are toxic and recalcitrant compounds. Biosurfactants that are produced by microorganisms like bacteria and yeasts represent an eco-friendly alternative, butcurrentlythey occupy only a small share ofthe market,mainly because ofchallengesintheirlarge-scalesynthesisandhighcostsoftheirproduction.Inadditiontobeingnon- toxicandbiodegradable,biosurfactantshavetheadvantageoverchemicallysynthesizedsurfactantsof beingproducedbymicroorganismsandthuspossessbiologicalactivitiessuchassignalingmolecules andantibiotics.Thus,thesechemicallydiversecompoundshaveuniquepotentialapplicationsbasedon their physicochemical properties as surfactants that are combined with different bioactivities. These unique potential applications include their use in biomedical and food industries, cosmetics, and agriculture, for example. Asmentionedpreviously,theaimofthisbookistoincludenewinsightsandapproachesthatad- dressdifferentaspectsofbiosurfactantresearchanddevelopment.Itisnotintendedtoreviewthelit- eratureondifferenttypesofbiosurfactants,buttohighlightnovelstrategiesandpotentialapplications. Wearecurrentlyinanexcitingperiodforthefieldofbiosurfactantresearch,sinceglycolipidssuchas sophorolipidsproducedbyyeasts,rhamnolipidsproducedbyPseudomonas,andalkylglycosidesthat are semisynthetic surfactants are all available in the market, and there are many challenges to make theseand other surfactantsmore competitive and able tofulfil specific needs. Some of the research approaches that have recently been developed to achieve this purpose are reviewed in this book, which is divided into five sections and thirteen chapters. Section I, xvii