Biosensors for Environmental Diagnostics PDF
Preview Biosensors for Environmental Diagnostics
Teubner-Reihe UMWELT B. Hock/D. BarceI6/K. Cammann/ P.-D. Hansen/A. P. F. Turner (Eds.) Biosensors for Environmental Diagnostics Teubner-Reihe UMWELT Herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. mult. Dr. h.c. MOfit Bahadir, Braunschweig Prof. Dr. Hans-JOrgen Collins, Braunschweig Prof. Dr. Bertold Hock, Freising Diese Buchreihe ist ein Forum fOr Ver6ffentlichungen zum gesamten Themen bereich Umwelt. Es erscheinen einfOhrende LehrbOcher, Monographien und Forschungsberichte, die den aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft wiedergeben. Das inhaltliche Spektrum reicht von den naturwissenschaftlich-technischen Grundlagen Ober umwelttechnische Fragestellungen bis hin zu juristisch, sozial- und gesellschaftswissenschaftlich ausgerichteten Titeln. Besonderer Wert wird dabei auf eine allgemeinverstandliche, dennoch exakte und prazise Darstellung gelegt. Jeder Band ist in sich abgeschlossen. Die Autoren der Reihe wenden sich vorwiegend an Studierende, Lehrende sowie in der Praxis tatige Fachleute. Biosensors for Environmental Diagnostics Edited by Prof. Dr. Bertold Hock Technische Universitat MOnchen Prof. Dr. Damia Barcel6 Department of Environmental Chemistry Barcelona Prof. Dr. Karl Cammann Institut fOr Chemo- und Biosensorik MOnster Prof. Dr. Peter-D. Hansen Technische Universitat Berlin Prof. Dr. Anthony P. F. Turner Cranfield University B. G. Teubner Stuttgart· Leipzig 1998 Prof. Dr. Bertold Hock Fax: +498161 714403 E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Damia Barcel6 Fax: +3432045904 E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Karl Cammann Fax: +492519802802 E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Peter-Diedrich Hansen Fax: +49308318113 E-mail: [email protected] Prof. Dr. Anthony P. F. Turner Fax: +441234752401 E-mail: [email protected] Gedruckt auf chlorfrei gebleichtem Papier. Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Biosensors for environmental diagnostics / ed. by Bertold Hock ... - Stuttgart; Leipzig: Teubner, 1998 (Teubner-Reihe Umwelt) ISBN 978-3-8154-3540-3 ISBN 978-3-322-93454-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-322-93454-3 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt besonders für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. © B. G. Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft Leipzig 1998 Umschlaggestaltung : E. Kretschmer, Leipzig Preface Biosensors combine the power of microelectronics with the selectivity and sensitivity of biological components such as whole cells, organelles or biomolecules, e.g. antibodies, receptors, enzymes and nucleic acids. They are used to detect individual substances or groups of substances in the environment, such as industrial emissions that originate, for instance, from the textile, cellulose and pharmceutical industry as well as from agricultural activities. The biosensor approach is expected not only to provide a significant contribution to measurement technology but also a basis for competent political decisions. Up to now disturbances in lakes and rivers are detected more or less by chance. Essentially, only substances that can be assayed by traditional physico-chemical techniques are found. However, the pollution peak has usually already passed by the time the results become known and acquisition of evidence for the identification of the responsible party is hardly possible after the event. Therefore fast and continuous measurement systems such as biosensors are required to provide inexpensive and cost effective event-related sampling of water thus providing for the preservation of evidence. Biosensors can detect biological effects such as genotoxicity, immunotoxicity and endocrine responses. The sequence of these signals and especially the peak values provide valuable indicators for water protection and facilitate the elaboration of new strategies and concepts within water management. Of major importance is the knowledge of distribution of warning signals within space and time from water ecosystems. Only then can the "health status" of water be recognized sufficiently early. Biosensors provide a particularly important instrument for control of domestic waste water treatment and ensuring the success of sanitary measures. This book originated from the 5th European Workshop on Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring and Stability of Biosensors, coorganized by the Technical 6 University of Miinchen at Freising-Weihenstephan and the European Commission. However, it is not intended as a proceedings volume; it rather reflects the current knowledge and trends in the field of biosensors for environmental monitoring. We would like to thank the European Commission for its support, the Teubner-Verlag for its kind cooperation and Stefanie Rauchalles and Dr. Karl Kramer for their help editing this book. January 1998 The Editors Contents 1 New techniques and analytes A. Brecht, U. Schobel, G. Gauglitz Resonant energy transfer detection for low volume immunoassay in environmental applications .......................................................................................... 11 M Del Carlo, A. Cagnini, I Palchetti, S. Hernandez, M Mascini Screen-printed sensors and biosensors for environmental applications ........................ 28 J.c. Morey A manufacturing technology for biosensing ................................................................ .45 M-P' Marco, B. Ballesteros, I Ferrer, J. Casas, D. Barcelo Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determina- tion of Irgarol 1051 ....................................................................................................... 52 M Santandreu, S. Sole, S. Alegret, E. Martinez-Fabregas Immunosensor systems with renewable sensing surfaces ............................................ 64 2 Industrial pollutants A. Narwiez, MA. Lopez, E. Gonzalez, E. Dominguez, J.J. Fernandez, I Katakis Catalytic and affinity amperometric biosensors for phenols, phosphates, and atrazine: how transduction can improve performance .................................................. 90 M Castillo, A. Oubiiia, J.s. Salau, J. Gascon and D. Barcelo A master analytical protocol for determining a broad spectrum of organic pollutants in industrial effluents ................................................................................. 108 8 3 Pesticides A.P.F. Turner, A. Rickman, B. Hock, R.D. Schmid, D. Barcelo Measurement of priority metabolites using integrated optoelectronic bio- sensors derived from antibody and synthetic receptor libraries .................................. 129 A. Brecht, C. Barzen, A. Klotz, G. Gauglitz, R. Harris, G. Quigley, J Wilkinson, S. Fraval, P. Sztajnbok, D. Barcelo, J Gascon, M Steinwand, R. Abuknesha River analyser -multiresidue immunoanalytical monitoring tools ............................. 147 K. Kramer, A. Knappik Strategies for recombinant antibody library synthesis: An advanced source for immunoglobulins in environmental analysis ............................................ .161 WFM StOcklein, A. Warsinke, B. Micheel, W Hahne, G. Kempfer, F. W Scheller Characterization of a monoclonal antibody and its fab fragment against diphenylurea hapten with BIA. ................................................................................... 179 4 Monitoring of toxic effects B. Hock, M Seifert Endocrine disruptors: Monitoring of effects ............................................................... 195 5 Monitoring of genotoxicity G. Horneck, L.R. Ptitsyn, P. Rettberg, 0. Komova, S. Kozubek, E.A. Krasavin Recombinant Escherichia coli cells as biodetector system for genotoxins ................ 215 9 6 Field experiments K. Cammann, G. Chemnitius, M Meusel, C. Zaborosch Potential and capabilities of biosensors for the assessment of environmental pollutants ..................................................................................................................... 233 P.-D. Hansen, H Dizer, B. Hock, A. Marx, J Sherry, M McMaster, C. Blaise Vitellogenin - a biomarker for endocrine disruptors .................................................. 253 7 Perspectives SJ Alcock, A.P.F. Turner How could a concerted action guide technological developments in the field of biosensors? ............................................................................................................. 262 Subject index. ............................................................................................................ 272 Authors ...................................................................................................................... 276 1 New Techniques and Analytes 1.1 Resonant Energy Transfer Detection for Low Volume Immunoassay in Environmental Applications Andreas Brecht, Uwe Schobel, Gunter Gauglitz Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of TUbingen, 72076 Tiibingen, FRG Abstract. Environmental monitoring activities aim at the assessment of the environmental situation and its change due to anthropogenic influence or natural factors. Ideally the environmental picture derived from monitoring activities should be tight in space and time. On the other hand economic factors limit the number of samples which can be processed and analysed. Rapid and cost effective pre-screening techniques are required to reduce the number of samples, which are subject to costly instrumental analysis. Immunoassays are already recogni.sed as a mass screening technique. Immunoassays with reduced sample volume and high sample density may become an answer to the demand for cost effective high throughput screening requirements. Approaches to low volume assays may be adapted from fields like molecular biology, where limited sample amounts or high reagent costs drive similar developments. This project targets the development of a nanotitreplate immunoassay for environmental analytes. In this paper we focus on the general concept and on results from the immunoanalytical system. The assay volumes foreseen are 100 nl to 500 nl. Microstructured assay compartments (nanotitre plates) are readily available by a variety of techniques (e.g. isotropic or anisotropic etching of silicon, injection B. Hock et al. (eds.), Biosensors for Environmental Diagnostics © B. G. Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft Leipzig 1998
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