BIOPHYSICAL ANALYSIS OF AEROBIC ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE IN SWIMMING Comparison of different methods for the aerobic capacity evaluation Academic dissertation submitted with the purpose of obtaining a doctoral degree in Sport Sciences according to the Decree-Law 74/2006 from March 24th. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. João Paulo Vilas-Boas Co-supervisors: Prof. Dr. Ricardo Jorge Pinto Fernandes Prof. Dr. Camila Coelho Greco Jailton Gregório Pelarigo September 2014 Pelarigo, J. G. (2014). Biophysical Analysis of Aerobic Endurance Performance in Swimming - Comparison of different methods for the aerobic capacity evaluation. Doctoral Thesis in Sport Sciences, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport at Faculty of Sport, University of Porto. KEY WORDS: BIOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS, FRONT CRAWL, GAS EXCHANGE, LACTATE, OXYGEN UPTAKE Funding This doctoral Thesis was supported by the Capes Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil under Grant (BEX: 0536/10-5), and the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT), project PTDC/DES/101224/2008 under Grant (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-009577). Dedication For my parents, family and Juliana, who has patiently waited me to fulfill my journey. Still moving forward in deeper water Acknowledgments To my supervisor Prof. Dr. João Paulo Vilas-Boas that worked with me during the entire doctorate process, giving knowledge, wisdom and patient to achieve my goal. Thank you very much master. To my Brazilian co-adviser Prof. Dr. Camila Coelho Greco for the guidance, advice and friendship, teaching me how to achieve deeper water with humility. To my Portuguese co-adviser Prof. Dr. Ricardo Fernandes for his tireless manner to teach his students achieve the way of perfection. To Prof. Dr. Benedito Sérgio Denadai for supervision, nice advice and always open the door, trusting in my work. To Prof. Dr. David Pendergast, a genius researcher, a brilliant man and a noted philosopher. To Prof. Dr. Leandro Machado, a math genius that facilitated my way. To Prof. Susana Soares for your passion to teach your students, and to write your exciting poems. To the staffs that help on the data collections, they were essentials to build this Thesis. To the amazing swimmers and coaches, they were perfects to accept and to execute this task. To faculty employees for always extend a hand for the Brazilian students, mainly for the wonderful cafeteria ladies, Mr. Teixeira, Mr. Rui Biscaia, Mr. Marinho, Mr. Coimbra and Ms. Lourdes. To my Portuguese, Brazilian, Spanish and other friends that lived side by side in this doctorate journey, thanks for always help me to make my life easier and beautiful… V To my special and deep friends, Emerson Sebastião (Deco), Heitor Rodriguez, Patrícia Aguiar, Danilo Santiago, Carol Rios, Marcelo Castro, Sara Morais, Tomohiro Gonjo and Athanasios Dalamitros, without all of you, this doctorate journey will be impossible to be realized, because real friends are forever and have aid to build what I am. To my “Portuguese families”, the family Alexandrino Reis and Aurea and Necas’ family, giving love and affection to support the distance of my country and family. To Juliana Navarro Ueda Yaochite for your love and patient, giving too much energy to achieve my goal. To my parents Edna and Vanderlei Pelarigo, my brother Wanderlei Pelarigo, and my sisters Narahana and Janaina Pelarigo, who believed in my dream and they are always waiting me to come back home. Without all of you and Juliana would have been impossible to achieve this goal. Thank you very much. VI List of publications This Doctoral Thesis is based on the followings papers, which are referred in the text by their Arabian and Roman numerals, respectively: 1. Pelarigo, J. P., Greco, C. C., Denadai, B. S., Fernandes, R. J., Vilas-Boas, J. P., & Pendergast, D. R. Does 5% changes around maximal lactate steady state lead to swimming biophysical modifications? Submitted for publication to Scandinavian Journal of Medicine in Sports. 2. Pelarigo, J. P., Machado, L., Fernandes, R. J., Greco, C. C., & Vilas-Boas, J. P. Oxygen uptake kinetics and energy system’s contribution around the maximal lactate steady state swimming intensity. Submitted for publication to European Journal Applied Physiology. 3. Pelarigo, J. P., Fernandes, R. J., Ribeiro, J., Denadai, B. S., Greco, C. C., & Vilas-Boas, J. P. Comparison of different methods for the swimming aerobic capacity evaluation. Submitted for publication to Journal of Sports Science. 4. Pelarigo, J. P., Fernandes, R. J., Pimenta, R. A., Leão, H. F. P., Greco, C. C., & Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2014). Are different methods for the aerobic capacity evaluation providing coherent biomechanical parameters? In B. Mason (Ed.) Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming (pp. 462-469). Canberra: Australian Institute of Sport. 5. Pelarigo, J. P., Dalamitros, A., Sousa, A. C., Fernandes, R. J., Greco, C. C., & Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2014). Relationship between the oxygen uptake efficiency plateau and the individual anaerobic threshold in endurance swimmers. In B. Mason (Ed.) Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming (pp. 469-474). Canberra: Australian Institute of Sport. VII 6. Pelarigo, J. P., Denadai, B. S., Ribeiro, J., Fernandes, R. J., Greco, C. C., & Vilas-Boas, J. P. (2014). Biophysics of the elite endurance swimmers: a case study during aerobic capacity evaluation using different methods. In B. Mason (Ed.) Proceedings of the XIIth International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming (pp. 318-325). Canberra: Australian Institute of Sport. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I. Figueiredo, P., Nazário, R., Sousa, M., Pelarigo, J. G., Vilas-Boas, J. P., & Fernandes, R. (2014). Kinematical Analysis along Maximal Lactate Steady State Swimming Intensity. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 13(3), 610- 615. VIII
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