Biomaterials in Artificial Organs: Proceedings of a seminar on biomaterials held at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow in September 1983

387 Pages·1984·39.43 MB·English

by  J. P. Paul

BIOMATERIALS IN ARTIFICIAL ORGANS
STRATHCLYDE BIOENGINEERING SEMINARS
BIOMATERIALS IN
ARTIFICIAL ORGANS
Proceedings ofa seminar on biomaterialsheld
at the University ofStrathclyde, Glasgow
in September 1983
Edited by
J. P. PAUL, J. D. S. GAYLOR, J. M. COURTNEY
andT. GILCHRIST
Editorial Associate OrganisationalSecretary
E. M. Smith M. K. McColl
Bioengineering Unit
Wolfson Centre
University ofStrathclyde
M
MACMILLAN
© Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde 1984
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 978-0-333-36940-1
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any
form or by any means, without permission
First published 1984 by
The Scientific and Medical Division
THE MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
London and Basingstoke
Companies and representatives throughout the world
Wordprocessed in Great Britain by Medimedia Ltd
Goda/ming, Surrey
ISBN 978-1-349-07285-9 ISBN 978-1-349-07283-5 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-07283-5
SEMINAR EDITORIAL COMMITTEE
John P. Paul
John D.S. Gaylor
James M. Courtney
Thomas Gilchrist
Brian J. Andrews
Elizabeth M. Smith
SEMINAR ORGANISING COMMITTEE AND SECRETARIAT
John P. Paul Alexander C. Nicol
John D.S. Gaylor Brian J. Andrews
James M. Courtney Rosemary Wilkinson
Thomas Gilchrist Elizabeth M. Smith
Gail Connel ClarePinder
Maria Lynch DavidA.Robb
Monica K. McColl Cristina Schutz
David J. McDonald Alexis M. Ross
Hugh McLeish David J.A. Smith
Helen McLellan Alexander J. Tullis
Thelma M. Miller Pauline C. Turner
Sheila M. Nicol
SESSION CHAIRMEN AND CHAIRMEN ASSOCIATE
SESSION A Blood Purification Procedures: presented in Chapters 2 to 12
Chairman P. C. Farrell
Chairman Associate J. M. Courtney
SESSION B Metabolic Assist: presented in Chapters 15to 25
Chairman R. E. Sparks
Chairman Associate J. D. S. Gaylor
SESSION C Interactions of Biomaterials with Tissue and Blood:
presented in Chapters 28 to 46
Chairman R. M. Lindsay
Chairman Associate T. Gilchrist
SESSION D Workshops: presented in Chapters 13, 14, 26, 27,47 and 48
Chairman A. C. Kennedy
v
ASSOCIATED ORGANISATIONS
The International Societyfor Artificial Organs
The Scottish Development Agency
The BiologicalEngineering Society
vi
CONTENTS
SeminarEditorialCommittee, SeminarOrganisingCommitteeandSecretariat,
SessionChairmenandChairmenAssociate v
AssociatedOrganisations VI
Preface ix
1. The1983AdamThomsonLecture:Theroleof
biomaterialsintheapplicationofartificialorgans
H.Klinkmann
2. Principlesandpracticeofmembraneplasmapheresis 9
M.J. LysaghtandH.J.Gurland
3. ClinicalexperiencewithCAPD 17
J.F. Winchester,T.A. Rakowski,W.F. Barnard, M.C. Gelfand,
W.P.ArgyandG.E. Schreiner
4. Continuous ambulatoryperitonealdialysis:Adiscussion
ofsomeproblems 28
L.C.SmebyandT.-E. Wider~e
5. Organicacidsandothermetabolitesinrenalfailureand
theirremovalwithbloodpurificationprocedures 38
K.Maeda, T.Shinzato,T.Niwa, M.Usuda, R.Sezaki, Y.Tsuruta,
F.Yoshida, K.Yamada, A.SaitoandK.Ohta
6. DiscussionfollowingChapters2to5 45
7. Decliningutilityofhomehaemodialysisforuraemia 48
B.G. DelanoandE.A.Friedman
8. Feedbackmonitoringforsodiumandwatertransferduringhaemodialysis 58
J.L.Funck-Brentano,N.K. ManandT.Petitclerc
9. Membrane inducedneutropenia 64
C.Woffindin,S.R.D.Johnston,N.A. Hoenich,
M.Quereshi andD.N.S.Kerr
10. Long-termevaluationofcharcoalhaemoperfusioncombined
withdialysisuraemicpatients 72
I.S.Henderson andA.C.Kennedy
11. Acutereversible renalfailurerequiringdialysis:Incidence
andprognostic variables 82
A.M. Martin, M.1.McHugh, N.Millar, S.Scott,
C.Tippins,J.Youll,J.K. Gibbins, F.Dickinson,
J.MorganandH.E. Bell
12. DiscussionfollowingChapters7to11 88
13. Haemodynamicmanifestationsofblood-dialyserinteractionsandtheir
modificationinananimalmodel 92
R.M.Lindsay,J.F. Walker, W.J. SibbaldandA.L.Linton
vii
viii Contents
14. WorkshopdiscussiononChapter13 101
15. Artificialcells 103
T.M.S.Chang
16. Newtechnologiesforextracorporealenzymaticdetoxification 112
G.BrunnerandF.Tegtmeier
17. Bicompatibilityofmembraneplasmaseparatorsandapplications
forchronic hepatic assist 118
J.W. Smith,S.Matsubara,P.S. MalcheskyandY.Nose
18. Adultrathepatocyteculturesasthecellularcomponent
ofanartificial hybrid liver 130
H.Q.Jauregui,S.Naik, J.L. Driscoll,B.A.SolomonandP.M.Galletti
19. Hydrogelsforcontrolleddrugdelivery 141
N.B.GrahamandM.E. McNeill
20. DiscussionfollowingChapters15to19 152
21. Comparinginvitroadsorptionstudieswiththefilmadsorber
andotherhaemoperfusiondevices 155
A.M.W.vanBerlo, A.P.Poelmans,E.P.vanderPols,
P.J.M.AartsandA.H.M. Verkooyen
22. Agarose-basedhaemoperfusioncolumnsfortheremoval
ofexcess LDL--cholesterolfromwholeblood 166
N.Lotan,S.Sideman,A.Tabak,L.Mor, A.Tzipiniuk,
B.Bleiberg,J.BrookandS.Lupovich
23. Pre-DNAsynthesishaemoperfusion 175
C.J.Ryan,J.M.Courtney,M.Gibbons,M. Aslam,J. Baleen,
J.S.Fleming,C.B.WoodandJ.P.Paul
24. Removalofprotein-boundbilirubinfromplasmausingsmallparticle
sizeanionexchangeresinandmicrofiltration 186
R.Maini,J.D.S.Gaylor,J.M.CourtneyandA.Wozniak
25. DiscussionfollowingChapters21to24 191
26. Somepresentdirectionsinresearchontissuetransplantationchambers 193
R.E.Sparks,N.S.MasonandD.W.Scharp
27. WorkshopdiscussiononChapter26 200
28. Bloodcompatibilityofalbumin-heparinconjugatetreated surfaces 203
W.E.Hennink,L. Dost, S.W.Kim, W.G.vanAkenandJ.Feijen
29. Surfaceswithminimalorselectiveproteinadsorptioninteractions
asmodelbiomedicalpolymers 214
D.E.Gregonis,R.A. VanWagenen,D.L.ColemanandJ.D.Andrade
30. Biomaterialassessment:measurementofplateletadhesion
andaggregation 219
S.K.Bowry,J.M. Courtney,C.R.M.Prentice,M.Travers,
G.S.Brown,G.D.D.LoweandC.D.Forbes
31. Theinvestigationofbiomaterialsbysequentialplasmaperfusion 228
D.Falkenhagen,M.Bottcher,W.Ramlow,U.Falkenhagen,
J.M.Courtney,C.J.Ryan, M. HoltzandH.K.Klinkmann
Contents ix
32. Haemofilterefficiencyasaresultofmembranechargeandwettability 238
H.D.Lehmann,U. Biesinger,G. Bergkvist,H. Goehl,
H.Weber,E. KrauthandK.D. Kulbe
33. Theroleofredbloodcells inspontaneousaggregationof
plateletsinwholeblood 249
A.R.Saniabadi,G.D.G.Lowe,C.D. Forbes,
C.R.M.PrenticeandJ.C.Barbenel
34. DiscussionfollowingChapters28to33 258
35. Thedevelopmentofaneo-arteryinducedbyavascularprosthesis 261
Ch.R.H.Wildevuur,B. vanderLei,E. LommenandP. Nieuwenhuis
36. Theknittedstructureanditsinteractionwithtissueandblood 269
R.G. Hood,J.G.PollockandR.Guidoin
37. Indiumlabelledplateletdepositiononprostheticgrafts 277
M.D.Goldman,C.E.Hall,B.K.Gunson,R.J. Hawker
andC.N. McCollum
38. Experiencewiththree types ofdacronarteriovenous
graftsforhaemodialysis 288
K.R. Wedgwood,P.J.Guillou,S.H.LevesonandR.C.Kester
39. Biologicaltissueforheartvalvesubstitutes 297
M.M. Black,P. Lawford,J.L. StovesandE.A.Trowbridge
40. DiscussionfollowingChapters35to39 298
41. Calciumphosphatebioceramics 301
K.deGroot
42. Biodegradableglassmaterial(BGM):Apotential
bonegraftadjunct/substitute 312
S.R.1.Duff,A.J.Malcolm,C.F. Drake,J. Burnie,P.J. Doherty.
L.JuhaszandT. Gilchrist
43. Anewapproachtowoundhealing 318
A. SugatachiandI. Sakamoto
44. Degradationofpolyurethaneandsiliconerubberventricularleads 327
v.Barbaro,C. Bosi,S.Caiazza,P.Chistolini,P. Dini,D. Ialongo,
R. DiMascolo,G. Messina,M. RocchiandM. Santini
45. Abiocompatibilitydatabaseeasilyproducedfordifferent
microcomputersusing acodegenerator 335
D.James,N.G.L. Harding,M. PearlstoneandS. Stock
46. DiscussionfollowingChapters40to45 340
47. Biocompatibilityaspectsofextracorporealcirculation 342
P.C.Farrell
48. WorkshopdiscussiononChapter47 351
Seminarparticipantsandauthorindex 353
Subjectindex 367
Advertisements 371
PREFACE
ThefifthintheseriesofStrathclydeBioengineeringSeminarswasheldinSeptember
1983andconsideredthewideandhighlytopical subjectofbiocompatibilityofmaterials
forclinicalusegenerallybutespeciallyinartificialorgans.Seminarsinthepresentseries
wereprecededbytwobroad-spectrumsymposiaheldin1964and 1972.Theserieshas
coveredtheareasofTissueViabilityanditsClinicalApplications,ExtracorporealBlood
TreatmentSystems,RehabilitationoftheDisabledandComputinginMedicine.These
seminarswerepublishedbyThe MacmillanPressunderthetitlesofBedsore
Biomechanics(July 1976), ArtificialOrgans(July 1977), Disability(December1979)
andComputinginMedicine(November1982).
ThisserieswasinitiatedbyProfessorR.M. Kenedi whoalsoin1976negotiatedthe
agreementoftheCourtoftheUniversitytotheinstitutionoftheAdamThomsonLecture
inwhich adistinguishedexpertgivesalecturesummarisingthestateoftheartinhisown
specialisedfield. TheselecturescarrythenameofProfessorA.S.T.Thomsontorecord
thewholeheartedsupportandgenerousencouragementwhichheofferedtoassistthe
initialformationoftheBioengineeringUnit. Onthisoccasion,themeetingwas
organisedinassociationwiththeInternationalSocietyforArtificialOrgans(ISAO) and
theAdamThomsonLecturewasdeliveredbythecurrentPresidentoftheISAO,
ProfessorHorstKlinkmann,ClinicforInternalMedicine,WilhelmPieck University,
Rostock.TheselectionofProfessorKlinkmanntodelivertheAdamThomsonLecture
wasmorethanusuallyappropriateinviewoftheclosecollaborativeresearchprogramme
firmlyestablishedbetweenProfessorKlinkmann'sdepartmentandtheBioengineering
Unit.
Thepresentseminarrelatedtoresearchanddevelopmentinbiomaterialseitheras
implantsorascomponentsinextracorporealbloodpurificationdevices. Specialsessions
includedhaemodialysisandperitonealdialysis,haemoperfusion,plasmaseparationand
theinteractionofbiomaterialswithtissue andblood. Theseminarwasattendedby
registrantsfromtheUnitedKingdom,Australia,Belgium,Canada,France,FRO,ODR,
Israel,Italy,Japan,Netherlands,Norway,SwedenandtheUSA.
Theorganisersacknowledgetheirgoodfortune inhaving thesupportandfinancial
backingoftheScottishDevelopmentAgencywhoareactiveinfurtheringthe
introductionandgrowthofthehealth careindustryinScotland.
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