Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications

28 Pages·2015·0.17 MB·English

Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries
and Applications
SeriesEditor
VictorR.Preedy
DepartmentofNutritionandDietetics
DivisionofDiabetesandNutritionalSciences
FacultyofLifeSciencesandMedicine
King’sCollegeLondon
London,UK
Inthepastdecadetherehasbeenaseachangeinthewaydiseaseisdiagnosedand
investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as
microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics, etc.
These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease
relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders,
sensorydamage,intestinaldiseasesetc.Inmanyinstancesthesedevelopmentshave
gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or
conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together
with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics
thesemarkershavebeenusedtoidentifyindividualswithactivediseaseorpathol-
ogyaswellasthosewhoarerefractoryorhavedistinguishingpathologies.Unfor-
tunatelytechniquesandmethodshavenotbeenreadilytransferabletootherdisease
statesandsometimesdiagnosisstillreliesonsingleanalytesratherthanacohortof
markers.Furthermore,thediscoveryofmanynewmarkershavenotbeenputinto
clinicalpractice,partlybecauseoftheircostandpartlybecausesome scientistsare
unaware oftheirexistence orthe evidence isstillatthe preclinicalstage. Insome
cases the work needs further scientific scrutiny. There is thus a demand for a
comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that
addressestheseissues.HencetheformulationofBiomarkersinDisease:Methods,
DiscoveriesandApplications.Theseriescoversawidenumberofareasincluding
forexample,nutrition,cancer,endocrinology,cardiology,addictions,immunology,
birth defects, genetics and so on. The chapters are written by national or interna-
tionalexpertsandspecialists.
SeriesTitles
1.GeneralMethodsinBiomarkerResearchandTheirApplications
2.BiomarkersinCancer
3.BiomarkersinCardiovascularDisease
4.BiomarkersinKidneyDisease
5.BiomarkersinBoneDisease
6.BiomarkersinLiverDisease
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/13842
Victor R. Preedy (cid:129) Vinood B. Patel
Editors
Biomarkers in Cancer
With176Figuresand88Tables
Editors
VictorR.Preedy VinoodB.Patel
DepartmentofNutritionandDietetics DepartmentofBiomedicalSciences
DivisionofDiabetesandNutritional FacultyofScienceandTechnology
Sciences UniversityofWestminster
FacultyofLifeSciencesandMedicine London,UK
King’sCollegeLondon
London,UK
ISBN978-94-007-7680-7 ISBN978-94-007-7681-4(eBook)
ISBN978-94-007-7682-1(printandelectronicbundle)
DOI10.1007/978-94-007-7681-4
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015941735
SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergNewYorkLondon
#SpringerScience+BusinessMediaDordrecht2015
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Preface
Inthepresentvolume,BiomarkersinCancer,wehaveover40chapterscoveringa
wide range of conditions, body locations, and cancer types. Their allocations to a
traditional grouping presents some difficulty as this may mean having only one
chapterinaparticularsection.Instead,wehaveadoptedapragmaticapproachfor
easeofnavigationandsohavethefollowingsections:
(cid:129) GeneralAspects:TechniquesandOverviews
(cid:129) Bladder,Kidney,Liver,andLung
(cid:129) Brain
(cid:129) BreastandProstate
(cid:129) CervixandUterus
(cid:129) Colorectum
(cid:129) HeadandNeck
(cid:129) LeukemiaandHodgkinLymphoma
(cid:129) FurtherKnowledge
While the Editors recognize the difficulties in assigning particular chapters to
particular sections, the book has enormously wide coverage and includes the
following areas, analytes, and platforms: omics, circulating tumor cells,
oncoproteomics, cardiotoxicity, DNA methylation, kallikreins, MAP17, CA 19-9,
PTTG (Securin), small nuclear RNA, centrosome amplification, cytological spec-
imens, microarrays, cell death markers, epigenetics, molecular markers, maspin,
LGR5, 2D-DIGE-MS, imaging, TPS, CD133, mitosis targets, HER2, immunohis-
tochemistry, visceral adipocytes, expression profiling, telomerase,
carcinoembryonic antigen family cell adhesion molecules, human papillomavirus
(HPV), the NeoMark European project, matrix metalloproteinases, tissue
microarrays, FGFR4, whole blood transcriptome, nuclear BMI-1, immunophe-
notyping, and CD163 and TARC. Tissues and conditions include cancers in gen-
eral, cancers of the bladder, renal cell, liver, lung, brain, breast, prostate, cervix,
endometrium,colorectum,headandneckcancersincludingtheoralcavity,salivary
gland, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, leukemia, and Hodgkin lymphoma.
Finally, the last chapter is devoted to locating resource material for biomarker
v
vi Preface
discovery and applications. The chapters are written by national or international
expertsandspecialists.
This book is specifically designed for clinical biochemists, oncologists, scien-
tists, epidemiologists, doctors, and nurses, from students to practitioners at the
higher level. It is also designed to be suitable for lecturers and teachers in health
careandlibrariesasareferenceguide.
April2015 VictorR.Preedy
London VinoodB.Patel
Series Preface
Inthepastdecade,therehasbeenaseachangeinthewaydiseaseisdiagnosedand
investigated due to the advent of high-throughput technologies and advances in
chemistry and physics, leading to the development of microarrays, lab on a chip,
proteomics,genomics,lipomics,metabolomics,etc.Theseadvanceshaveenabled
the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disor-
ders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal
diseases,andmanyotherconditions toonumerous tolist here. Inmany instances,
these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers
elucidatedviatraditionalorconventionalmethods,suchashistopathology,immu-
noassays,orclinicalbiochemistry.Togetherwithmicroprocessor-baseddataanal-
ysis, advanced statistics, and bioinformatics, these markers have been used to
identify individuals with active disease as well as those who are refractory or
havedistinguishingpathologies.
Unfortunately,techniquesandmethodshavenotbeenreadilytransferabletoother
diseasestates,andsometimes,diagnosisstillreliesonasingleanalyteratherthana
cohortofmarkers.Furthermore,thediscoveryofmanynewmarkershasnotbeenput
intoclinicalpracticepartlybecauseoftheircostandpartlybecausesomescientistsare
unawareoftheirexistenceortheevidenceisstillatthepreclinicalstage.Thereisthus
ademandforacomprehensiveandfocusedevidence-basedtextandscientificlitera-
ture that addresses these issues. Hence, the book series Biomarkers in Disease:
Methods,DiscoveriesandApplications.Itimpartsholisticinformationonthescien-
tific basis of health and biomarkers and covers the latest knowledge, trends, and
treatments. It links conventional approaches with new platforms. The ability to
transcendtheintellectualdivideisaidedbythefactthateachchapterhas
(cid:129) KeyFacts(areasoffocusexplainedforthelayperson)
(cid:129) DefinitionsofWordsandTerms
(cid:129) PotentialApplicationstoPrognosis,OtherDiseases,orConditions
(cid:129) SummaryPoints
The material in Potential Applications to Prognosis, Other Diseases, or Con-
ditionspertainstospeculativeorproposedareasofresearch,cross-transferenceto
vii
viii SeriesPreface
otherdiseasesorstagesofthedisease,translationalissues,andotherareasofwide
applicability.
Theseriesisexpectedtoproveusefulforclinicians,scientists,epidemiologists,
doctorsandnurses,andalsoacademiciansandstudentsatanadvancedlevel.
April2015 VictorR.Preedy
London
Contents
PartI GeneralAspects:TechniquesandOverviews ............ 1
1 OMICSforTumorBiomarkerResearch .................... 3
SergeiMoshkovskii,MikhailPyatnitsky,PetrLokhov,and
AnchaBaranova
2 CirculatingTumorCellsasBiomarkersinCancer ............ 31
JamesFreeman,ElinS.Gray,andMelZiman
3 OncoproteomicApproachestoCancerMarkerDiscovery:
TheCaseofColorectalCancer ............................ 53
FrancescoSalvatore,ClaudiaCorbo,MaricaGemei,and
LuigiDelVecchio
4 CancerCardiotoxicityandCardiacBiomarkers .............. 73
MichelaSalvatici,DanielaCardinale,AlessandroColombo,and
MariaTeresaSandri
5 DNAMethylationasaBiomarkerinCancer ................. 107
ShinichiFukushigeandAkiraHorii
6 KallikreinsasBiomarkersinHumanMalignancies ........... 135
KleitaMichaelidou,AthinaKladi-Skandali,andAndreasScorilas
7 MAP17asBiomarkerforCancerTreatment ................ 167
AmancioCarnero
8 CA19-9asaSerumBiomarkerinCancer .................. 179
KavyaKrishnaandTaniosBekaii-Saab
9 PTTG(Securin)asCancerBiomarker ..................... 203
DimitriosN.KanakisandElmarKirches
10 U2SmallNuclearRNAasaBiomarkerinCancer ............ 233
StephanA.Hahn,HannahZoellner,AbdelouahidMaghnouj,and
DeepakB.Vangala
ix
x Contents
PartII Bladder,Kidney,LiverandLung ..................... 251
11 CentrosomeAmplificationasBiomarkersinBladderCancer
UsingTouchBiopsyandBladderWashing
CytologicalSpecimens .................................. 253
HideyasuMatsuyama
12 MicroarraysandRenalCellCancerBiomarkers ............. 273
PeterSchramlandManfredBeleut
13 ImmunogenicCellDeathMarkersinLiverCancer ........... 303
NikolausKohlesandStefanHoldenrieder
14 EpigeneticsandBiomarkersinLungCancer:Emerging
Blood-BasedMolecularBiomarkersforDetection
andMonitoring ........................................ 325
AthinaMarkou,IoannaSourvinou,IoannaBalkouranidou,and
EviS.Lianidou
15 MaspinStainingandItsUseasBiomarkerinLungCancer ..... 345
RossanaBerardi,FrancescaMorgese,AgneseSavini,
AzzurraOnofri,andStefanoCascinu
PartIII Brain ........................................... 359
16 LGR5asMarkerinBrainCancer ......................... 361
SusumuNakata,EmmaPhillips,andViolaineGoidts
17 Using2D-DIGE-MStoIdentifyBiomarkersfor
BrainCancer .......................................... 379
HirendraNathBanerjeeandMukeshVerma
18 ImagingBiomarkersinPreclinicalStudiesonBrainTumors .... 391
CarolineChung
PartIV BreastandProstate .............................. 415
19 BreastCancer:SerumTPSasaBiomarker ................. 417
Dong-YoungNoh,SooKyungAhn,Hyeong-GonMoon,
WonshikHan,andJisunKim
20 CD133asBiomarkerinBreastCancer ..................... 429
TasukuMatsuokaandMasakazuYashiro
21 PrognosticandPredictiveBiomarkersforCastrationResistant
ProstateCancer ....................................... 447
JingLiandAndrewJ.Armstrong