Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter PDF
Preview Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter
Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter This Page Intentionally Left Blank Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter Edited by Dennis A. Hansell University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Miami, Florida Craig A. Carlson University of Californian Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, California / ^ ACADEMIC PRESS V — ^ An Elsevier Science Imprint Amsterdam Boston London New York Oxford Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper. ® Copyright © 2002 by Elsevier Science (USA) All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to: Permissions Department, Academic Press, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Oriando, Florida 32887-6777 Academic Press An Imprint of Elsevier of Elsevier Science 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press 32 Jamestown Road, London NWl 7BY, UK http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2001096950 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-323841-2 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 02 03 04 05 06 07 MM 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For the support and balance that only family can provide we dedicate this hook to our beloved spouses Paula and Alison^ and our children Allison and Rachel, and Matthew and Hayden. This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents Contributors xi Foreword xv Preface xi Chapter 1 Why Dissolved Organics Matter? John I. Hedges I. Introduction 1 1. DOM Research Pre-1970 2 I. DOM Research in the 1970s 7 IV. DOM Research in the 1980s 1 V. "New" DON and DOC 13 VI. Why Disolved Organics Mater 23 VI. What did we Learn? 25 References 27 Chapter 2 Analytical Methods for Total DOM Pools Jonathan H. Sharp I. Introduction 35 I. Disolved Organic Carbon Analysis 37 I. Disolved Organic Nitrogen Analysis 45 IV. Disolved Organic Phosphorus Analysis 49 Contents V. Multielemental Methods 51 VI. TheLimitsof Elemental Analyses 51 VI. The Ned for Continual use of Reference Materials 52 References 54 Chapter 3 Chemical Composition and Reactivity Ronald Benner I. Introduction 59 II. Distribution and Chemical Characteristics of Bulk Marine DOM 64 III. Major Topics of Ongoing and Future Research About the CycUng of DOM 80 References 85 Chapter 4 Production and Removal Processes Craig A. Carlson I. Introduction 91 I. DOM Production Proceses 92 I. DOM Removal Proceses 16 IV. DOM LabiUty 123 V. DOM Acumulation 13 VI. Summary 137 References 139 Chapter 5 Dynamics of DON Deborah A. Bronk I. Introduction 153 I. Concentration and Composition of the DON Pol 154 I. Sources of DON 186 IV. Sinks for DON 207 V. DON l\imover Times 26 Contents ix VI. Summary 27 References 231 Chapter 6 Dynamics of DOP D. M. Karl and K. M. Bjorkman I. Introduction 250 I. Terms, Definitions, and Concentration Units 253 III. TheEarly Years of Pelagic Marine P-Cycle Research (184-195) 258 IV. The Pelagic Marine P-Cycle: Key Pols and Proceses 262 V. Sampling, Incubation, Storage, and Analytical Considerations 26 VI. DOP in the Sea: Variations in Space 280 VI. DOP in the Sea: Variations in Time 294 VI. DOP Pol Characterization 306 IX. DOP Production, Utilization, and Remineralization 34 X. Conclusions and Prospectus 347 References 348 Chapter 7 Marine Colloids and Trace Metals Mark L Wells I. Introduction 367 I. Definition of Marine Coloids 369 I. Analytical Methods 372 IV. Metal Content of Marine Coloidal Mater 380 V. The Chemical Form of Coloidal Metals 385 VI. Particulate-Based Estimates of Colloidal Metal Concentrations 38 VI. Sources of Metal-Complexing Coloidal Ligands 389 VI. Measurement of Coloid Reaction Rates 390 IX. The Biological Availability of Coloidal Bioactive Metals 395 X. Summary 396 References 397
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