Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children Biochemical Parameters and the Nutritional Status of Children Novel Tools for Assessment Anil Gupta, PhD Dean of Research Desh Bhagat University and Professor and Head Department of Physiology and Biochemistry Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital Mandi Gobindgarh Punjab, India First edition published 2020 by CRC Press 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487- 2742 and by CRC Press 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. While all reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, neither the author[s] nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publishers wish to make clear that any views or opinions expressed in this book by individual editors, authors or contributors are personal to them and do not necessarily reflect the views/o pinions of the publishers. The information or guidance contained in this book is intended for use by medical, scientific or health- care professionals and is provided strictly as a supplement to the medical or other professional’s own judgement, their knowledge of the patient’s medical history, relevant manufacturer’s instructions and the appropriate best practice guidelines. Because of the rapid advances in medical science, any information or advice on dosages, procedures or diagnoses should be independently verified. The reader is strongly urged to consult the relevant national drug formulary and the drug companies’ and device or material manufacturers’ printed instructions, and their websites, before administering or utilizing any of the drugs, devices or materials mentioned in this book. This book does not indicate whether a particular treatment is appropriate or suitable for a particular individual. Ultimately it is the sole responsibility of the medical professional to make his or her own professional judgements, so as to advise and treat patients appropriately. The authors and publishers have also attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978- 750- 8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact [email protected] Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gupta, Anil (Child nutrition scientist), author. Title: Biochemical parameters and the nutritional status of children: novel tools for assessment / by Anil Gupta. Description: First edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Summary: “Biochemical parameters represent better, precise, and objective tools toward the assessment of nutritional status of children in comparison to anthropometric, clinical, and dietary methods. They constitute laboratory tests to estimate the concentration of circulating nutrients in the body fluids” – Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2020006248 (print) | LCCN 2020006249 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367419813 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367419820 (ebook) Subjects: MESH: Nutritional Status | Child | Child Nutrition Disorders–diagnosis | Clinical Laboratory Techniques Classification: LCC RJ206 (print) | LCC RJ206 (ebook) | NLM WS 130 | DDC 362.1963/9–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020006248 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020006249 ISBN: 978- 0- 367- 41981- 3 (hbk) ISBN: 978- 0- 367- 41982- 0 (ebk) Typeset in Minion by Newgen Publishing UK I dedicate my book to the Almighty, SHRI SHIRDI SAI BABA Contents Preface, ix Acknowledgments, xi About the Author, xiii Chapter 1 ◾ Concept of Nutrition 1 Chapter 2 ◾ Biochemical Parameters and Protein-Energy Malnutrition 35 Chapter 3 ◾ Biochemical Parameters and Childhood Obesity 47 Chapter 4 ◾ Biochemical Parameters and Childhood Nutritional Anemia 55 Chapter 5 ◾ Biochemical Parameters: Childhood Diarrhea and Malabsorption Syndrome 73 INDEX, 81 vii Preface Biochemical parameters represent superior, precise, and objective tools toward the assessment of nutritional status of children in comparison to anthropometric, clinical, and dietary methods. Biochemical parameters estimate the nutrients in the body through laboratory methods and should be interpreted in conformity with the other methods of assessment of the nutri- tional status of children. Biochemical parameters are suggestive of acute or subclinical conditions when the other methods of nutri- tional assessment fail to interpret the condition. These parameters constitute laboratory tests to estimate the con- centration of circulating nutrients in body fluids, while the other tests explore the concentration of enzymes in the body tissues, representing the metabolic changes. Biochemical parameters exhibit substantial variability in their reproducibility. Moreover, these parameters are novel tools in the hands of clinicians for the screening of the nutritional status of children. This book provides useful information about the role of bio- chemical parameters in assessing the nutritional status of children. ix