Bio-based plastics : materials and applications

258 Pages·2020·5.497 MB·English

by  Navodita Bhatnagar, Navodita Bhatnagar (editor)

BIO-BASED PLASTICS: MATERIALS
AND APPLICATIONS

BIO-BASED PLASTICS: MATERIALS AND
APPLICATIONS
Edited by:
Navodita Bhatnagar
ARCLER
P r e ss
www.arclerpress.com
Bio-Based Plastics: Materials and Applications
Navodita Bhatnagar
Arcler Press
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e-book Edition 2020
ISBN: 978-1-77407-399-5 (e-book)
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ISBN: 978-1-77407-277-6 (Hardcover)
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ABOUT THE EDITOR
Navodita Bhatnagar finished her masters in technology and currently pursuing
her PhD in environmental sciences from Institute of Technology, Carlow,
Ireland. She’s a keen enthusiast of environment protection and management.
An alumunus of Indo-German centre for sustainibility which is essentially a
collaborative interface to gather scientists in the field of environment sciences
to come together and work for the common cause which is environment
protection.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Figures ................................................................................................xi
List of Tables ................................................................................................xiii
Preface........................................................................ .................................xv
Chapter 1 Introduction to Bio-based Plastic: Materials and
Applications ..............................................................................................1
1.1 Introducing Bio-Based Plastics .............................................................2
1.2 Recovery And Production of Bioplastics ...............................................8
1.3 Market For Bio-Based Plastics ............................................................13
1.4 Impact of Bio-Based Plastics on Current Recycling of Plastics ............19
1.5 Bio Based Plastics and Their Environmental Impact ............................20
1.6 Future Trends of Bio-Based Plastics ....................................................25
References ...............................................................................................31
Chapter 2 Starch Filled Plastics and Modifications ..................................................33
2.1 What Are Starch Based Plastics? .........................................................34
2.2 Starch Plastics (Thermoplastic Starch) .................................................35
2.3 Bio-Plastics From Starch Based Food Crops ........................................37
2.4 Starch-Polymer Composite .................................................................39
2.5 Preparation of Biodegradable Plastic Films From Tuber
and Root Starches ..........................................................................39
2.6 Structure And Properties of Starch-Based Plastics ...............................42
2.7 Modified Starch & Starch-Based Plastics ............................................43
2.8 Applications of Starch-Based Biodegradable Polymers .......................46
2.9 Starch-Filled Plastics Options For Automation ....................................53
2.10 Influence of Starch Oxidization And Modification on
Interfacial Interaction, Rheological Behavior, And Properties
of Poly (Propylene Carbonate)/Starch Blends ..................................53
2.11 Starch-Based Plastic Blends From Reactive Extrusion .......................54
2.12 Starch Filled Plastics: The Future of Sustainable Packaging ...............55
References ...............................................................................................60
Chapter 3 Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate: Bio-based Plastics ................................63
3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................64
3.2 Cellulose Fibers .................................................................................67
3.3 Degradation of Cellulose Acetate-Based Materials .............................73
3.4 Synthesis of Bioplastic-Based Renewable Cellulose Acetate ..............77
3.5 Biodegradable Plastic Material Derived From Cellulose
Acetate And Relative End Products .................................................83
3.6 A Need For More Sustainable Raw Materials From Healthcare,
Construction, Food And Coatings For Cellulose Based Plastics .......86
References ...............................................................................................91
Chapter 4 Chitin and Chitosan .................................................................................93
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................94
4.2 What Is Chitin and Chitosan? ............................................................95
4.3 Chitin ................................................................................................96
4.4 Chitosan ..........................................................................................107
4.5 Chemical Structure And Properties ..................................................113
4.6 Chitin Biosynthesis .........................................................................115
References .............................................................................................117
Chapter 5 ARBOFORM and the Processing ...........................................................119
5.1 Introduction .....................................................................................120
5.2 Lignin Modification And Lignin-Based Surfactant .............................122
5.3 Lignin-Polymer Composites .............................................................126
5.4 Green Composites: Versatile Material For Future ..............................130
5.5 Arboform And Its Processing ............................................................134
5.6 Mechanical Properties .....................................................................138
5.7 Carbonization Of Hot-Pressed Arboform ®-Mixtures ........................139
5.8 Lignin-Based Composites In Photocatalysis ......................................142
5.9 Innovative Aspects (Environmental, Social, Economic) .....................146
References .............................................................................................147
Chapter 6 BioPlastics from Lipids ..........................................................................149
6.1 Introduction .....................................................................................150
viii