Table Of Content

Edited by D. Ruiz-Molina, F. Novio and C. Roscini Bio- and Bioinspired Nanomaterials With a Foreword by João F. Mano Editedby DanielRuiz-Molina, FernandoNovio,and ClaudioRoscini Bio-andBioinspired Nanomaterials Related Titles Taubert,A.,Mano,J.F.,Rodríguez- Li,J.,He,Q.,Yan,X. Cabello,J.C.(eds.) Molecular Assembly of Biomaterials Surface Science Biomimetic Systems 2013 2011 PrintISBN:978-3-527-33031-7 PrintISBN:978-3-527-32542-9 Pompe,W.,Rödel,G.,Weiss,H., Poupon,E.,Nay,B.(eds.) Mertig,M. Biomimetic Organic Bio-Nanomaterials Synthesis Designingmaterialsinspiredbynature 2011 2013 PrintISBN:978-3-527-32580-1 PrintISBN:978-3-527-41015-6 Basu,B.,Katti,D.,Kumar,A.(eds.) Santin,M.,Phillips,G.J.(eds.) Advanced Biomaterials Biomimetic, Bioresponsive, Fundamentals,Processing,and and Bioactive Materials Applications AnIntroductiontoIntegrating MaterialswithTissues 2010 PrintISBN:978-0-470-89131-5 2012 PrintISBN:978-0-470-05671-4 Kumar,C.S.(ed.) Biomimetic and Bioinspired Mano,J.F.(ed.) Nanomaterials Biomimetic Approaches for Biomaterials Development 2010 PrintISBN:978-3-527-32167-4 2012 PrintISBN:978-3-527-32916-8 Edited by Daniel Ruiz-Molina, Fernando Novio, and Claudio Roscini Bio- and Bioinspired Nanomaterials Editors AllbookspublishedbyWiley-VCHarecarefully produced.Nevertheless,authors,editors,and Prof.DanielRuiz-Molina publisherdonotwarranttheinformationcontained InstitutCataladeNanocienciai inthesebooks,includingthisbook,tobefreeof Nanotecnologia(ICN2) errors.Readersareadvisedtokeepinmindthat ConsejoSuperiordeInvestigaciones statements,data,illustrations,proceduraldetailsor Científicas(CSIC) otheritemsmayinadvertentlybeinaccurate. CampusUAB Bellatera LibraryofCongressCardNo.:appliedfor AvdeSerragalliners BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData 08193Barcelona Acataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromthe Spain BritishLibrary. Dr.FernandoNovio Bibliographicinformationpublishedbythe InstitutCataladeNanocienciai DeutscheNationalbibliothek Nanotecnologia(ICN2) TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhis ConsejoSuperiordeInvestigaciones publicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie; Científicas(CSIC) detailedbibliographicdataareavailableontheInter- CampusUAB netathttp://dnb.d-nb.de. Bellatera AvdeSerragalliners 2015Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co.KGaA, 08193Barcelona Boschstr.12,69469Weinheim,Germany Spain Allrightsreserved(includingthoseoftranslationinto otherlanguages).Nopartofthisbookmayberepro- Dr.ClaudioRoscini ducedinanyform–byphotoprinting,microfilm,or InstitutCataladeNanocienciai anyothermeans–nortransmittedortranslatedinto Nanotecnologia(ICN2) amachinelanguagewithoutwrittenpermissionfrom ConsejoSuperiordeInvestigaciones thepublishers.Registerednames,trademarks,etc. Científicas(CSIC) usedinthisbook,evenwhennotspecificallymarked CampusUAB assuch,arenottobeconsideredunprotectedbylaw. Bellatera AvdeSerragalliners PrintISBN:978-3-527-33581-7 08193Barcelona ePDFISBN:978-3-527-67585-2 Spain ePubISBN:978-3-527-67584-5 MobiISBN: 978-3-527-67583-8 oBookISBN:978-3-527-67582-1 Typesetting ThomsonDigital,Noida,India PrintingandBinding MarkonoPrintMediaPte Ltd,Singapore Printedonacid-freepaper V Contents ListofContributors XIII Foreword XXIII Preface XXV PartI Bionanomaterials 1 1 SynthesisofColloidalGoldandSilverNanoparticlesandtheir Properties 3 ChristianPfeiffer,WolfgangJ.Parak,andJoseMariaMontenegro 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 PhysicalandChemicalPropertiesofGoldandSilverNanoparticles 6 1.2.1 OpticalPropertiesofGoldandSilverNanoparticles 7 1.2.2 ElectronicPropertiesofGoldandSilverNanoparticles 8 1.3 SynthesisofGoldandSilverCoreNanoparticles 9 1.4 TransfertoAqueousMediaofGoldandSilverNanoparticlesfrom OrganicSolvents 11 1.5 SomeApplicationsofGoldandSilverNanoparticles 13 Acknowledgments 16 References 16 2 CeramicSmartDrugDeliveryNanomaterials 23 AlejandroBaezaandMaríaVallet-Regí 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 Biodistribution,Toxicity,andExcretionofNanoparticles 24 2.3 MesoporousSilicaNanoparticles 27 2.4 CalciumPhosphateNanoparticles 32 2.5 CarbonAllotropes 33 2.6 IronOxideNanoparticles 37 References 39 VI Contents 3 PolymersomesandtheirBiologicalImplications 49 ReginaBleulandMichaelMaskos 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Self-AssemblyofAmphiphiles 50 3.3 Polymersome–TheSyntheticAnalogofaLiposome 52 3.3.1 PolymersomePreparationMethods 52 3.3.1.1 BatchMethods 52 3.3.1.2 ContinuousFlowMethods 54 3.3.2 CharacterizationofPolymersomes 56 3.4 PolymersomesasDrugDeliveryDevices 57 3.4.1 TuningMembranePropertiesandControlling theRelease 58 3.4.1.1 pH-ResponsivePolymersomes 59 3.4.1.2 HydrolysisofPolymersomesBuiltfromBiodegradable Polymers 60 3.4.1.3 GSH-Responsive(Redox)Vesicles 64 3.4.1.4 Temperature-ResponsivePolymers 65 3.4.1.5 MagneticRelease 68 3.4.2 SurfaceFunctionalizationandTargetingStrategies 68 3.5 EmbeddingChannelProteinsinArtificialPolymerMembranes andCreatingNewApplications 71 3.6 ConclusionsandOutlook 74 ListofAbbreviations 74 References 76 4 MOFsinPharmaceuticalTechnology 83 C.Tamames-Tabar,A.García-Márquez,M.J.Blanco-Prieto, C.Serre,andP.Horcajada 4.1 Introduction 83 4.2 Metal-OrganicFrameworks 84 4.2.1 Description 84 4.2.2 Synthesis,Formulation,andFunctionalization/Shaping 85 4.2.2.1 SynthesisandFormulation/Shaping 85 4.2.2.2 Functionalization 86 4.2.3 StabilityandToxicity 87 4.3 MOFsforTherapeutics 90 4.3.1 BioMOFs 90 4.3.2 ActiveIngredientAdsorptionandReleasefromMOFs 92 4.3.2.1 Drugs 93 4.3.2.2 Cosmetics 96 4.3.3 Understanding 97 4.3.3.1 Encapsulation 97 4.3.3.2 Release 98 4.3.4 Theranostics 99 Contents VII 4.3.5 Efficacy 100 4.4 Conclusions 100 ListofAbbreviations 101 References 103 5 AmorphousCoordinationPolymerParticlesforBiomedicine 113 FernandoNovio,DanielRuiz-Molina,andJuliaLorenzo 5.1 Introduction 113 5.2 InteractionofNanoplatformswiththeBiologicalEnvironment 114 5.3 CPPsasRealisticAlternativetoClassicalNanosystems 117 5.3.1 EncapsulationSystemsBasedonCPPs 119 5.3.2 ActiveMetal-OrganicUnits 122 5.3.2.1 ActiveMetalIons 123 5.3.2.2 DrugsasBridgingLigands 123 5.3.2.3 ActiveComplexes 124 5.3.3 SmartDeliverySystems 126 5.3.4 Bioimaging 128 5.3.5 BiocompatibilityofCPPs 130 5.4 ConclusionandFutureChallenges 132 References 133 6 MagneticNanoparticlesforMagneticHyperthermia andControlledDrugDelivery 139 PabloGuardia,AndreasRiedinger,HamiltonKakwere, FlorenceGazeau,andTeresaPellegrino 6.1 Introduction 139 6.2 PrinciplesofMagneticallyInducedHeatGeneration 141 6.3 SynthesisofMNPsandtheirHeatPerformance 146 6.3.1 CoprecipitationMethod 147 6.3.2 ThermalDecompositionMethod 150 6.4 LocalHeatingandInducedBiologicalandDrugReleaseEffects 159 6.5 InVivoDrugReleasefromMagneticHybridSystemsUnder AlternatingMagneticFieldExposure 163 References 166 7 PhotothermalEffectofGoldNanostructuresforApplication inBioimagingandTherapy 173 LoredanaLatteriniandLuigiTarpani 7.1 Introduction 173 7.2 PhotophysicalCharacterizationofGoldNanostructures 174 7.2.1 PhotophysicalBehaviorofGoldNanostructures 174 7.2.2 PlasmonicPhotothermalEffect 176 7.3 TuningtheAbsorptionSpectrumofGoldNanostructures 177 7.3.1 Nanoparticles 177 7.3.2 Nanoshells 178 7.3.3 Nanorods 181 VIII Contents 7.3.4 OtherTypesofNanostructures 184 7.4 PlasmonicPhotothermalEffectofGNSinImaging 185 7.4.1 PhotoacousticImaging 185 7.4.2 PhotothermalImaging 187 7.4.3 PhotothermalTreatmentsorManipulation 188 7.4.3.1 Hyperthermia 188 7.4.3.2 PhotothermalAblation 189 7.5 ConcludingRemarks 192 Acknowledgment 193 ListofAbbreviations 193 References 193 8 Nanomaterial-BasedBioimagingProbes 201 ChristianBuchwalder,KatayounSaatchi,andUrsO.Häfeli 8.1 Introduction 201 8.2 Nanoprobes 204 8.3 ImagingProbes 207 8.4 TargetingStrategies 211 8.4.1 PassiveTargeting 212 8.4.2 ActiveTargeting 214 8.4.3 Limitations 216 8.5 Nanotheranostics 217 8.6 DesignConsiderations 219 8.7 SummaryandFutureTrends 223 References 223 9 MolecularBasesofNanotoxicology 229 AngelaTino,AlfredoAmbrosone, ValentinaMarchesano,andClaudiaTortiglione 9.1 Introduction 229 9.2 ImpactonEnvironment:Nanoecotoxicology 229 9.3 ImpactonHealth:Nanotoxicology 232 9.3.1 TheBasisofNanogenotoxicity:NPsAffectDNAIntegrityand Stability 235 9.3.2 HallmarksofgeneExpressioninResponsetoNPs 236 9.3.3 NewFrontiersinNanotoxicology:NanomaterialsDriveEpigenetic Changes 244 References 248 PartII BioinspiredMaterials–BioinspiredMaterialsforTechnological Application 255 10 BioinspiredInterfacesforSelf-cleaningTechnologies 257 VictoriaDutschk 10.1 TheConceptofBioinspirationinMaterialsEngineering 257