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bike ride + NYC Dept City Planning Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway and Commuter Rail Users Transportation Division Fall 2009 Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway & Commuter Rail Users Project Identification Number (PIN): PTCP08D00.G10 The preparation of this report was financed in part through funds from the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The contents of this report reflect the view of the author who is responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official view or policies of the Federal Highway Administration of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. NYC Department of City Planning, Transportation Division Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway & Commuter Rail Users T able of Contents Executive Summary 1 Bicycle Parking Possibilities in NYC 57 Bicycle Cages Introduction 7 Biceberg Bigloo Existing Conditions 8 Current Bicycle Parking Conditions Case Studies 61 Metropolitan Transportation Authority Bicycle Parking Policies Fordham - Metro North, The Bronx New York City Transit Grant City - Staten Island Rail Road, Staten Island Metro North Graham Avenue - L, Brooklyn Long Island Rail Road 23rd Street - F,V, Manhattan Bicycle Parking Concerns for MTA Customers DeKalb Avenue - B,Q,R,M, Brooklyn New York City Department of Transportation Spuyten Duyvil - Metro North, The Bronx City Racks Program Brooklyn Bridge/City Hall - 4,5,6, Manhattan Cemusa – Coordinated Street Furniture Astoria-Ditmars Boulevard - N, W, Queens Potential Bicycle Commuters Metropolitan Avenue - G, Brooklyn Station Evaluation Process 24 Post-Installation Management 81 Methodology Case Study Recommendation Matrix CityRacks Tracking & Maintenance System Data Analysis by Borough Interactive Website for Bicycle Parking Users Recommended Next Steps 84 Bicycle Parking Systems Assessment 46 Inter-Agency Coordination Inverted “U” Rack Public Education Wave Rack Multiple “U” Rack Conclusion 85 The X-Type Tree Guard Vertical Bicycle Rack Appendices 86 Parking Meter Retrofitted Bicycle Rack A. Literature Review 2-Tiered Bicycle Parking System B. Field Data Sheet Bicycle Lockers C. List of Stations Surveyed Curb Extensions & On-Street Bicycle Rack D. List of Stations with Priority Rating E. CDOT Bicycle Parking Clearance Standards F. Recommended MUTCD & Non-MUTCD Signage NYC Department of City Planning, Transportation Division ii Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway & Commuter Rail Users E xecutive Summary Bike & Ride: Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway and Commuter Rail Users is a project that seeks to increase the amount of secure bicycle parking at transit locations to allow people to ride their bicycles to a transit station, securely park their bicycles and continue their commute on the subway or commuter rail. Many people do not live within a reasonable biking distance to work, but are within a reasonable biking distance to transit. This bikable distance to transit provides an opportunity for the use of cycling as a viable form of virtually carbon-free commuting. This plan for bike parking near transit in New York City, includes an inventory of citywide subway stations and commuter rail stations that can accommodate site specific bicycle parking. Cycling as a form of commuting has the potential to reduce congestion on the roadways by lowering the number of vehicles on the street. The objective is not only to provide bicycle parking to meet current demand but to encourage potential riders to include cycling as a link in their multi-modal commuting chain. This project identifies transit stations within the five boroughs and recommends bicycle parking solutions to meet documented bicycle activity. The data collected in this study will be used by the NYC Dept of Transportation (CDOT) CityRacks program for immediate installation of bicycle racks along the (7) subway line in Queens as well as future bicycle rack installations at other stations. The study will also explore the feasibility of long-term indoor bicycle parking at transit stations with underutilized space and high demand for bicycle parking. During the course of this study, 239 transit stations were analyzed to determine the current demand for bicycle parking, and the appropriate types of bicycle parking to meet each location’s needs. A list of transit stations were compiled using data provided by CDOT, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), the NYC Department of City Planning-Transportation Division (NYCDCP-TD), and the New York City Bike Parking Survey. Locations were also added to the list based upon connectivity to other modes of transportation and terminal stations. The list of stations were then divided by borough, and each station was surveyed using the specifications provided in the CDOT Bicycle Parking Clearance Standards. See Appendix D. Among the 239 stations that were studied, over 28 percent of the stations did not provide any bicycle parking. Eight bicycle parking designs were selected to be used in this project based upon their provided level of bicycle parking security, and its ability to get the maximum use of the rack within the available space. Each design was also chosen based upon its ability to function within areas that include limited sidewalk space and inside of a train station. The stations and bicycle parking were organized into a matrix to identify potential locations to be used as case studies. Nine stations were selected as case studies to demonstrate the benefits and functionality of each chosen bicycle parking design within a specific environment. NYC Department of City Planning, Transportation Division Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway & Commuter Rail Users Borough Summaries The Bronx In the borough of the Bronx, 44 stations were surveyed including 12 Metro North stations. Of the stations surveyed, five percent of them provided bicycle parking and 17 stations exhibited a need for bicycle parking based on the bicycles found chained to nearby street furniture. The limitations of the survey makes it difficult to determine the cause for such low demand for bicycle parking. The findings of this project indicate that basic secure bicycle parking should be provided at most transit and Metro North stations throughout the borough of the Bronx. By providing basic bicycle parking, potential users may be drawn to incorporate cycling into their daily commute. Brooklyn In the borough of Brooklyn, there were 60 stations surveyed. Among the stations surveyed, 12 were considered high priority stations with more than 11 bicycles parked at each location. 47 percent of the stations surveyed provided some form of bicycle parking. In some cases, while bicycle parking was provided, it was observed that the available parking was either not sufficient for the current demand or the available parking provided was not the best fit for the space. In areas with very high bicycle activity, it was concluded that alternate methods of bicycle parking may be needed to minimize clutter and maximize the use of available space on sidewalks and inside of subway stations. It was also observed that bicycle activity in Brooklyn is concentrated into several small areas. Expanded infrastructure and an increase in available bicycle parking at transit stations would cast a wider net for potential users and possibly increase ridership borough-wide. Staten Island Of the 14 stations surveyed along the Staten Island Rail Road, the greatest number of bicycles (8) were found at the St. George Ferry terminal station. 50 percent of the stations observed displayed signs of bicycle activity. The existing bicycle network in Staten Island is disconnected and does not foster cycling as a practical mode of transportation. In order to increase the overall number of commuter cyclists borough wide, the proper bicycle infrastructure must be in place to allow people to feel safe while riding their bicycle on the roadway. Secure bicycle parking must also be made available to cyclists once they arrive at the rail stations. NYC Department of City Planning, Transportation Division 2 Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway & Commuter Rail Users Queens Of the 60 stations surveyed in the borough of Queens, 37 percent of them provided bicycle parking. The stations with the highest number of parked bicycles were located along the (7) subway line. This high level of bicycle activity may be attributed to the large immigrant population whose primary mode of transportation may have been the bicycle in their home country. The existing racks at many of the stations are not meeting the current demand for bicycle parking. Collaboration between the MTA and CDOT is needed to analyze each individual station to evaluate the available space above and below ground and consider non-traditional methods of bicycle parking to meet existing and future demand. Manhattan Almost 50 percent of the 60 stations surveyed in Manhattan did not have bicycle parking. Bicycles were found locked to the nearest available street furniture. This lack of bicycle parking produces a safety concern for both pedestrians and passengers entering and exiting transit stations. Bicycle parking should be installed at all stations in Manhattan. 3 NYC Department of City Planning, Transportation Division Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway & Commuter Rail Users Bicycle Parking Systems There are a large number of bicycle parking designs and systems on the market today. The following bicycle parking designs were selected for this project because they meet the basic safety standards documented by CDOT and were determined to be implementable under various site conditons throughout New York City. All of these designs are constructed of durable, high quality materials and can withstand the variable weather conditions in New York City. The following Bicycle Parking Systems were evaluated for this study (descriptions and images available starting on pg 46): 1)Inverted “U” Rack 2)Wave Rack 3)Multiple “U” Rack 4)X-Type Tree Guard 5)Vertical Bicycle Racks 6)Parking Meter Retrofitted Bicycle Racks 7)2-Tier Racks 8)Bicycle Lockers 9)Curb Extensions & On-Street Bicycle Racks Case Studies In order to convey the benefits of using site specific bicycle parking to meet the needs of users within variable conditions, this report includes nine case studies to help visualize the existing conditions and see how the space would look and function with the newly installed recommended bicycle parking. The case study locations include: Fordham station on the Metro North in the Bronx and Astoria Ditmars Blvd in Queens: Multiple “U” Rack Grant City station in Staten Island: Inverted “U” Rack Graham Ave station in Brooklyn: Parking Meter Retrofitted Bicycle Rack 23rd St station in Manhattan: X-Type Tree Guard Rack DeKalb Ave station in Brooklyn: Vertical Bicycle Rack Spuyten Duyvil station on the Metro North in the Bronx: Bicycle Lockers Brooklyn Bridge/City Hall station in Manhattan: 2-Tier racks Metropolitan Ave in Brooklyn: Indoor installation of Multiple “U” Racks NYC Department of City Planning, Transportation Division 4 Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway & Commuter Rail Users Recommended Next Steps This study lays the groundwork for developing a bicycle parking network at transit stations. The 239 stations surveyed for this study represent approximately 50% of the total number of transit stations citywide. There are many agencies involved in the implementation process of bicycle parking at transit stations CDOT, NYCT and NYCDCP. With improved coordination between agencies, data collection and implementation can be processed quickly and efficiently, producing a high quality bicycle parking network. Another key component necessary to move forward in the development of a bicycle parking network is to educate the public on how to properly use the provided bicycle racks. This education would emphasize the importance of bicycle parking security and help to reduce the occurrence of bicycle theft citywide. 5 NYC Department of City Planning, Transportation Division Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway & Commuter Rail Users This page intentionally left blank NYC Department of City Planning, Transportation Division 6 Bicycle Access and Parking for Subway & Commuter Rail Users I ntroduction Bicycle ridership in New York City has increased significantly in the last decade as more miles of bicycle lanes and greenway trails are built. However, due to the absence of secure bicycle parking near transit stations, cyclists are not able to effectively combine transit and cycling as a means of daily travel. The purpose of this project is to recommend locations for secure bicycle parking at transit stations and encourage potential cyclists to ride their bicycle to a transit station, park their bicycle and continue their commute to work on the subway or commuter rail. A multi-modal commute that incorporates the bicycle not only improves the overall health of the individual, it has the potential to reduce congestion on roadways. According to the New York City Bicycle Survey conducted by the New York City Department of City Planning’s Transportation Division (NYCDCP/TD) in 2007, 29 percent of commuting cyclists connect to other modes of transportation to reach their destination. When asked where they would like to see more bike racks, 67 percent of the responses noted that subway stations needed more bicycle parking. There were over 4.5 million riders using New York City’s transit system daily in 2007. Although bicycles are allowed onboard subways and commuter rail, most subway cars are so crowded during rush hour that to do so is virtually impossible. The alternative is to provide adequate bicycle parking at the stations where cyclists can safely lock their bicycle and board transit. This report consists of five parts: 1)Existing conditions for bike parking near transit; 2)a survey of 239 transit station locations for bike parking, including an analysis of demand and the best type of bicycle parking at each location; 3) A review of bicycle parking systems in use in New York City and other cities; 4)case studies for bicycle parking installation at 9 locations; 5)and next steps for a bicycle parking at transit program. This study includes a preliminary plan for bike parking near transit in New York City with an inventory of citywide subway stations and commuter rail stations that can accommodate site specific bicycle parking. Implementation of this plan will meet the needs of existing cyclists while at the same time encouraging potential bicycle commuters. 7 NYC Department of City Planning, Transportation Division