Between States: The Transylvanian Question and the European Idea During World War II PDF
Preview Between States: The Transylvanian Question and the European Idea During World War II
Between States This page intentionally left blank Between StateS The Transylvanian Question and the European Idea during World War II Holly Case stanford university press stanford, california Published with the assistance of the Hull Fund, Cornell University Stanford University Press, Stanford, California © 2009 by the Board of trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University all rights reserved no part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Stanford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Case, Holly. Between states : the transylvanian question and the european idea during world war II / Holly Case. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-8047-5986-1 (cloth : alk. paper)— isbn 978-0-8047-9204-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. transylvania (Romania)—History—1940–1947. 2. world war, 1939–1945— territorial questions—Romania—transylvania. 3. Romania—Foreign relations— Hungary. 4. Hungary—Foreign relations—Romania. 5. Romania—Foreign relations—1914–1944. 6. Hungary—Foreign relations—1918–1945. I. title. dr280.7.c37 2009 940.53'1—dc22 2008022445 Printed in the United States of america on acid-free, archival-quality paper typeset at Stanford University Press in 11/13 Garamond For my parents This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments, xi Note on Nomenclature, xvii Introduction: Between States, 1 1. the “transylvanian Question” and european Statehood, 9 2. “why we Fight,” 67 3. People Between States, 97 4. a League of their Own, 150 5. the “Jewish Question” Meets the transylvanian Question, 175 6. a “new europe”?, 199 Conclusion, 219 Notes, 231 Index, 323 This page intentionally left blank Maps, tables, and Figures Maps 1. Hungary and Romania in 191o 24 2. territorial adjustments to Hungary and Romania after world war I 26 3. Hungary and Romania during world war II 32 Tables 1. Population of northern transylvania, 1910, 1930, and 1941 126 2. Population of Southern transylvania, 1910, 1930, and 1941 127 Figures 1. Hungarian propaganda postcard from the interwar period showing the pre–world war I population statistics of Cluj/Kolozsvár 30 2. Romanian ethnographic map based on data from the 1930 Romanian census 41 3. Count Pál teleki’s ethnographic map of the Hungarian Kingdom used at the post–world war I peace negotiations in 1920 42 4. ethnographic map of interwar Romania by Romanian demographer Sabin Manuilă showing areas of “unanimous,” “absolute,” and “relative” ethnic Romanian majority 44 5. Hungarian ethnographic map of transylvania published in summer 1940 46 6. István Bethlen’s ethnographic map of prewar Hungary printed in a 1934 volume 47
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