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Berkeley Classic Thinkers Series J. M. Fritzman, Hegel Bernard Gert, Hobbes Dale E. Miller, J. S. Mill A. J. Pyle, Locke Andrew Ward, Kant Berkeley Daniel E. Flage polity Copyright © Daniel Flage 2014 The right of Daniel Flage to be identified as Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2014 by Polity Press Polity Press 65 Bridge Street Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK Polity Press 350 Main Street Malden, MA 02148, USA All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-5633-5 ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-5634-2(pb) A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset in 10.5 on 12 pt Palatino by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited Printed and bound in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives PLC The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate. Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition. For further information on Polity, visit our website: www.politybooks.com To Ronald J. Glass I am not without some hopes, upon the consideration that the largest views are not always the clearest, and that he who is short-sighted will be obliged to draw the object nearer, and may, perhaps, by a close and narrow survey discern that which had escaped far better eyes. — George Berkeley Contents Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations xi Chapter 1: Berkeley’s Life and Writings 1 Why Study Berkeley Today? 1 Early Life 3 Bermuda and Rhode Island 7 Bishop of Cloyne 12 On Reading Berkeley 17 Further Reading 21 Chapter 2: Vision 22 The Historical Context: Methods of Inquiry and Theories of Vision 23 Berkeley on Seeing Distance (NTV §§2–51) 26 Perception of Magnitude (NTV §§52–87) 31 Situation and Numerical Heterogeneity (NTV §§88–120) 33 Heterogeneity and the Universal Language of Vision (NTV §§121–158) 36 A Look Back; A Look Ahead 39 Further Reading 41 Chapter 3: Abstraction 42 Historical Context 43 The Principal Arguments 48 Language 53 A Look Back; A Look Ahead 54 Further Reading 55 viii Contents Chapter 4: The Case for Idealism and Immaterialism in the Principles 56 The Case for Idealism (Sections 1–7) 58 The Attack on Matter (Sections 8–24) 70 Onward to Ordinary Objects (Sections 25–33) 86 A Look Back; A Look Ahead 94 Further Reading 95 Chapter 5: Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous 97 Background 98 Dialogue One 99 Dialogue Two 105 Dialogue Three 108 A Look Back; A Look Ahead 112 Further Reading 113 Chapter 6: Minds: Yours, Mine, and God’s 114 The Principles 116 Knowing Minds: Dialogue Three 124 Your Mind and God’s 131 A Look Back; A Look Ahead 136 Further Reading 136 Chapter 7: Moral Philosophy 137 Moral Theories 138 The Egoistic Notebooks 142 Passive Obedience 147 Alciphron 158 A Look Back; A Look Ahead 162 Further Reading 163 Chapter 8: Economics and the Irish Condition 164 Eighteenth-Century Ireland and the South Sea Bubble 164 An Essay towards Preventing of the Ruin of Great Britain 166 The Querist 169 Further Reading 176 Chapter 9: Concluding Remarks 177 Endnotes 182 Bibliography 189 Index 197
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