Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids: From Theoretical Approaches to Field Applications PDF
Preview Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids: From Theoretical Approaches to Field Applications
9781405163477_1_pre.qxd 30/08/2007 10:31 AM Page i Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids 9781405163477_1_pre.qxd 30/08/2007 10:31 AM Page ii To Maura, Emilio, and Esther To Danielito, Andresuchi, and Esteli To Frietson and Joris To John Maynard-Smith and Bill Hamilton 9781405163477_1_pre.qxd 30/08/2007 10:31 AM Page iii Behavioral Ecology of Insect Parasitoids From Theoretical Approaches to Field Applications Edited by Éric Wajnberg, Carlos Bernstein, and Jacques van Alphen 9781405163477_1_pre.qxd 30/08/2007 10:31 AM Page iv © 2008 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Éric Wajnberg, Carlos Bernstein, and Jacques J.M. van Alphen to be identified as the Authors of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. First published 2008 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1 2008 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Behavioral ecology of insect parasitoids : from theoretical approaches to field applications / edited by Eric Wajnberg, Carlos Bernstein, and Jacques J.M. van Alphen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-6347-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Parasitic insects—Behavior. 2. Parasitoids—Behavior. 3. Parasitic insects—Ecology. 4. Parasitoids—Ecology. 5. Insect pests—Biological control. I. Wajnberg, E. II. Bernstein, Carlos. III. Alphen, Jacques van. QL496.B384 2008 595.717′857—dc22 2007025136 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library Set in 10/12.5pt Minion by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed and bound in Singapore by Markono Print Media Pte Ltd The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which hasbeen manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: www.blackwellpublishing.com 9781405163477_1_pre.qxd 30/08/2007 10:31 AM Page v Contents Contributors vii Preface xiv Part 1 Current issues in behavioral ecology of insect parasitoids 1 1 Optimal foraging behavior and efficient biological control methods 3 Nick J. Mills and Éric Wajnberg 2 Parasitoid fitness: from a simple idea to an intricate concept 31 Minus van Baalen and Lia Hemerik 3 Parasitoid foraging and oviposition behavior in the field 51 George E. Heimpel and Jérôme Casas 4 Behavior influences whether intra-guild predation disrupts herbivore suppression by parasitoids 71 William E. Snyder and Anthony R. Ives 5 Chemical and behavioral ecology in insect parasitoids: how to behave optimally in a complex odorous environment 92 Monika Hilker and Jeremy McNeil 6 Parasitoid and host nutritional physiology in behavioral ecology 113 Michael R. Strand and Jérôme Casas 7 Food-searching in parasitoids: the dilemma of choosing between ‘immediate’ or future fitness gains 129 Carlos Bernstein and Mark Jervis 8 Information acquisition, information processing, and patch time allocation in insect parasitoids 172 Jacques J.M. van Alphen and Carlos Bernstein 9781405163477_1_pre.qxd 30/08/2007 10:31 AM Page vi vi CONTENTS 9 Competition and asymmetric wars of attrition in insect parasitoids 193 Patsy Haccou and Jacques J.M. van Alphen 10 Risk assessment and host exploitation strategies in insect parasitoids 212 Luc-Alain Giraldeau and Guy Boivin Part 2 Extension of behavioral ecology of insect parasitoids to other fields 229 11 Multitrophic interactions and parasitoid behavioral ecology 231 Louise E.M. Vet and H. Charles J. Godfray 12 Parasitoid sex ratios and biological control 253 Paul J. Ode and Ian C.W. Hardy 13 Linking foraging and dynamics 292 Michael B. Bonsall and Carlos Bernstein 14 Linking behavioral ecology to the study of host resistance and parasitoid counter-resistance 315 Alex R. Kraaijeveld and H. Charles J. Godfray Part 3 Methodological issues in behavioral ecology 335 15 State-dependent problems for parasitoids: case studies and solutions 337 Bernard Roitberg and Pierre Bernhard 16 A Bayesian approach to optimal foraging in parasitoids 357 Jean-Sébastien Pierre and Richard F. Green 17 Finding optimal behaviors with genetic algorithms 384 Thomas S. Hoffmeister and Éric Wajnberg 18 Statistical tools for analyzing data on behavioral ecology of insect parasitoids 402 Éric Wajnberg and Patsy Haccou Index 430 9781405163477_1_pre.qxd 30/08/2007 10:31 AM Page vii Contributors Pierre Bernhard Polytech’Nice Sophia Antipolis 930, Route des Colles BP 145 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex France Tel: +33 4 92 96 51 52 Fax: +33 4 92 96 51 55 e-mail: [email protected] Carlos Bernstein Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive Université de Lyon; Université Lyon I 43 BD du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France Tel: +33 4 72 43 14 38 Fax: +33 4 72 43 13 88 e-mail: [email protected] Guy Boivin Centre de Recherche et de Développement en Horticulture Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada 430, boulevard Gouin Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Québec J3B 3E6 Canada Tel: +1 450 346 4494 ext. 210 Fax: +1 450 346 7740 e-mail: [email protected] Michael B. Bonsall Department of Zoology 9781405163477_1_pre.qxd 30/08/2007 10:31 AM Page viii viii CONTRIBUTORS University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK Tel: +44 1 865 281064 Fax: +44 1 865 310447 e-mail: [email protected] Jérôme Casas University of Tours Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte IRBI-CNRS UMR6035 Av. Monge 37200 Tours France Tel: +33 2 47 36 69 78 Fax: +33 2 47 36 69 66 e-mail: [email protected] Luc-Alain Giraldeau Université du Québec à Montréal Case postale 8888 Succursale Centre-ville Montréal (Québec) H3C 3P8 Canada Tel: +1 514 987 3000 ext. 3244 Fax: +1 514 987 4647 e-mail: [email protected] H. Charles J. Godfray Department of Zoology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK Tel: +44 1865 271176 Fax: +44 1865 310447 e-mail: [email protected] Richard F. Green Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth, MN 55812 USA Tel: +1 218 726 7229 Fax: +1 218 726 8399 e-mail: [email protected] 9781405163477_1_pre.qxd 30/08/2007 10:31 AM Page ix CONTRIBUTORS ix Patsy Haccou Section Theoretical Biology Institute of Biology Leiden University P.O. Box 9516 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands Tel: +31 71 527 4917 Fax: +31 71 527 4900 e-mail: [email protected] Ian C.W. Hardy School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Loughborough LE12 5RD UK Tel: +44 115 951 6052 Fax: +44 115 951 6060 e-mail: [email protected] George E. Heimpel Department of Entomology University of Minnesota 1980 Folwell Ave St Paul, MN 55108 USA Tel: +1 612 624 3480 Fax: +1 612 625 5299 e-mail: [email protected] Lia Hemerik Wageningen University Biometris, Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods P.O. Box 100 6700AC Wageningen The Netherlands Tel: +31 317 482083 Fax: +31 317 483554 e-mail: [email protected] Monika Hilker Department of Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Haderslebener Str. 9 12163 Berlin 9781405163477_1_pre.qxd 30/08/2007 10:31 AM Page x x CONTRIBUTORS Germany Tel: +49 30 838 559 13 Fax: +49 30 838538 97 e-mail: [email protected] Thomas S. Hoffmeister Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology FB 2, Biology University of Bremen Leobener Str./NW2 28359 Bremen Germany Tel: +49 421 218 4290 Fax: +49 421 218 4504 e-mail: [email protected] Anthony R. Ives Department of Zoology University of Wisconsin – Madison Madison, WI 53706 USA Tel: +1 608 262 1519 Fax: +1 608 265 6320 e-mail: [email protected] Mark Jervis Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff CF10 3TL UK Tel: +44 29 20 874948 Fax: +44 29 20 874305 e-mail: [email protected] Alex R. Kraaijeveld School of Biological Sciences University of Southampton Bassett Crescent East Southampton SO16 7PX UK Tel: +44 2380 593436 Fax: +44 2380 594459 e-mail: [email protected] Jeremy McNeil Department of Biology The University of Western Ontario
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