Beginning Oracle Database 11g administration: from novice to professional

448 Pages·2012·5.59 MB·English

by  Fernandez, Iggy

Beginning Oracle
Database 11g
Administration
From Novice to Professional
Iggy Fernandez
Beginning Oracle Database 11g Administration: From Novice to Professional
Copyright © 2009 by Iggy Fernandez
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For Michelle.
“Oh Fame!—if I e’er took delight in thy praises,
’Twas less for the sake of thy high-sounding phrases,
Than to see the bright eyes of the dear one discover
She thought that I was not unworthy to love her.”
—Lord Byron
And for all the IT colleagues and friends who, over the years,
have asked me to teach them the basics of Oracle Database.
Contents at a Glance
Foreword ....................................................................... xvii
About the Author ..................................................................xix
About the Technical Reviewer ......................................................xxi
Acknowledgments ...............................................................xxiii
Introduction ..................................................................... xxv
PART I Database Concepts
(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:78)
CHAPTER 1 Relational Database Management Systems .......................3
CHAPTER 2 SQL and PL/SQL ................................................21
CHAPTER 3 Oracle Architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
PART II Database Implementation
(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:78)
CHAPTER 4 Planning .......................................................65
CHAPTER 5 Software Installation ...........................................81
CHAPTER 6 Database Creation .............................................95
CHAPTER 7 Physical Database Design .....................................131
CHAPTER 8 User Management and Data Loading ...........................151
iv
PART III Database Support
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CHAPTER 9 Taking Control ................................................185
CHAPTER 10 Monitoring ....................................................201
CHAPTER 11 Fixing Problems ...............................................223
CHAPTER 12 Backups ......................................................255
CHAPTER 13 Recovery .....................................................279
CHAPTER 14 Database Maintenance ........................................305
CHAPTER 15 The Big Picture and the Ten Deliverables .......................331
PART IV Database Tuning
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CHAPTER 16 Instance Tuning ...............................................357
CHAPTER 17 SQL Tuning ...................................................381
INDEX .......................................................................417
v
Contents
Foreword ....................................................................... xvii
About the Author ..................................................................xix
About the Technical Reviewer ......................................................xxi
Acknowledgments ...............................................................xxiii
Introduction ..................................................................... xxv
PART I Database Concepts
(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:78)
CHAPTER 1 Relational Database Management Systems ................3
What Is a Database? ..............................................4
What Is a Relational Database? .....................................5
Definition of the Term Relation ................................5
Network Databases ..........................................6
Definition of a Relational Database .............................8
Relational Operators .........................................8
Structured Query Language ..................................11
Efficiency of Relational Operators .............................13
Query Optimization .........................................13
What Is a Database Management System? .........................14
Transaction Management ....................................15
Data Integrity ..............................................16
Data Security ..............................................17
What Makes a Relational Database Management System Relational? ..18
Summary .......................................................19
Exercises .......................................................19
Further Reading .................................................20
vii
viii (cid:78)CONTENTS
CHAPTER 2 SQL and PL/SQL .............................................21
Railroad Diagrams ...............................................23
Types of SQL ...................................................25
Data Definition Language ....................................26
Database Manipulation Language .............................26
Embedded SQL ..................................................29
SQL*Plus and SQL Developer .....................................30
Criticisms of SQL ................................................33
Duplicates .................................................33
Redundancy ...............................................33
Nullable Data Items .........................................36
Introduction to PL/SQL ...........................................38
Much Ado About Suppliers ...................................40
Summary .......................................................46
Exercises .......................................................48
Further Reading .................................................48
CHAPTER 3 Oracle Architecture .........................................51
Database vs. Instance ............................................53
Database .......................................................53
Software ..................................................53
Configuration Files ..........................................53
Data Files ..................................................54
Temporary Files ............................................55
Redo Log Files .............................................55
Archived Redo Log Files .....................................55
Control File ................................................56
Event Logs .................................................56
Database Backups ..........................................56
Instance ........................................................56
System Global Area .........................................56
Foreground Processes .......................................57
Background Processes ......................................58
(cid:78)CONTENTS ix
Life Cycle of a Database Session ..................................59
Summary .......................................................60
Exercises .......................................................62
Further Reading .................................................62
PART II Database Implementation
(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:78)(cid:0)(cid:78)
CHAPTER 4 Planning .....................................................65
Licensing .......................................................65
Practical Example ...........................................65
Free to Download, Free to Learn, Unlimited Evaluation ..........68
Database Editions ..........................................68
Architectural Choices ............................................70
Dedicated Server ...........................................70
Shared Server ..............................................70
Connection Pooling .........................................70
Real Application Clusters ....................................71
Standby Database ..........................................72
Maximum Available Architecture (MAA) ........................72
Sizing ..........................................................73
Disk Sizing .................................................74
Other Disk Considerations ...................................75
Memory Sizing .............................................76
CPU Sizing .................................................76
Network Sizing .............................................77
Summary .......................................................77
Exercises .......................................................78
Further Reading .................................................79
CHAPTER 5 Software Installation .......................................81
Oracle Technology Network .......................................81
The Forgotten Manuals ...........................................82
Prerequisites and Preinstallation Requirements ......................82
x (cid:78)CONTENTS
Client Installations ...............................................83
Instant Client ...............................................83
Server Installations ..............................................87
Oracle Database Examples .......................................91
Perl ............................................................91
Summary .......................................................92
Exercises .......................................................93
Further Reading .................................................93
CHAPTER 6 Database Creation ..........................................95
Next-Next-Next; Click Finish ......................................96
Configuring a Listener ............................................97
Creating and Configuring a Database .............................101
The Welcome Screen ......................................102
Step 1: Operations .........................................102
Step 2: Database Templates ................................103
Step 3: Database Identification ..............................104
Step 4: Management Options ...............................105
Step 5: Database Credentials ................................106
Step 6: Storage Options ....................................107
Step 7: Database File Locations .............................108
Step 8: Recovery Configuration ..............................109
Step 9: Database Content ...................................110
Step 10: Initialization Parameters ............................111
Step 11: Security Settings ..................................112
Step 12: Automatic Maintenance Tasks ......................113
Step 13: Database Storage .................................114
Step 14: Creation Options ...................................115
Confirmation Screen .......................................116
Success Messages ........................................119
Post-Creation Tasks ............................................120
Other Methods of Database Creation ..............................120
Basic Database Administration Tasks .............................123
Summary ......................................................129
Exercises ......................................................129
Further Reading ................................................130