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Beauty Therapy: The Foundations : the Official Guide to Beauty Therapy at Level 2, VRQ PDF

625 Pages·2014·32.988 MB·English
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Q V N Y L E V PE L O A T E D RI U G EL A I C H I F F O T E H T y t uS N O I T A a D N U O e F E H T B SIXTH EDITION LORRAINE NORDMANN SIXTH EDITION Beauty Therapy T H E F O U N D A T I O N S The Official Guide to Level 2 NVQ L O R R A I N E N O R D M A N N HABIA SERIES LIST Hairdressing Beauty therapy Student textbooks Beauty Basics: The Official Guide to Level 1 3e Lorraine Nordmann Hairdressing and Barbering The Foundations: The Official Beauty Therapy – The Foundations: The Official Guide to Level 2 Guide to Hairdressing and Barbering NVQ at Level 2 7e VRQ 6e Lorraine Nordmann Martin Green Beauty Therapy – The Foundations: The Official Guide to Level 2 Begin Hairdressing: The Official Guide to Level 1 3e Martin 5e Lorraine Nordmann Green Professional Beauty Therapy – The Official Guide to Level 3 4e Lorraine Nordmann Hairdressing and Barbering The Foundations: The Official Guide to Hairdressing and Barbering VRQ at Level 2 1e Martin Green The Pocket Guide to Key Terms for Beauty Therapy Lorraine Nordmann and Marian Newman Professional Hairdressing: The Official Guide to Level 3 7e Martin Green and Leo Palladino The Official Guide to the City & Guilds Certificate in Salon Services 1e John Armstrong with Anita Crosland, Martin The Pocket Guide to Key Terms for Hairdressing Martin Green Green and Lorraine Nordmann The Official Guide to the City & Guilds Certificate in Salon Service The Complete Guide to Make-Up 1e Suzanne Le Quesne 1e John Armstrong with Anita Crosland, Martin Green and Lorraine Nordmann The Encyclopedia of Nails 1e Jacqui Jefford and Anne Swain The Colour Book: The Official Guide to Colour for NVQ Levels 2 & The Art of Nails: A Comprehensive Style Guide to Nail Treatments 3 1e Tracey Lloyd with Christine McMillan-Bodell and Nail Art 1e Jacqui Jefford eXtensions: The Official Guide to Hair Extensions 1e Theresa Nail Artistry 1e Jacqui Jefford Bullock The Complete Nail Technician 3e Marian Newman Salon Management Martin Green Manicure, Pedicure and Advanced Nail Techniques 1e Elaine Men’s Hairdressing: Traditional and Modern Barbering 2e Almond Maurice Lister The Official Guide to Body Massage 2e Adele O’Keefe African-Caribbean Hairdressing 2e Sandra Gittens An Holistic Guide to Massage 1e Tina Parsons The World of Hair Colour 1e John Gray Indian Head Massage 2e Muriel Burnham-Airey and Adele O’Keefe The Cutting Book: The Official Guide to Cutting at S/NVQ Levels 2 Aromatherapy for the Beauty Therapist 1e Valerie Worwood and 3 Jane Goldsbro and Elaine White An Holistic Guide to Reflexology 1e Tina Parsons Professional Hairdressing titles An Holistic Guide to Anatomy and Physiology1e Tina Parsons The Essential Guide to Holistic and Complementary Therapy 1e Trevor Sorbie: The Bridal Hair Book 1e Trevor Sorbie and Jacki Helen Beckmann and Suzanne Le Quesne Wadeson The Spa Book 1e Jane Crebbin-Bailey, Dr John Harcup, and The Art of Dressing Long Hair 1e Guy Kremer and Jacki Wadeson John Harrington Patrick Cameron: Dressing Long Hair 1e Patrick Cameron and SPA: The Official Guide to Spa Therapy at Levels 2 and 3, Jacki Wadeson Joan Scott and Andrea Harrison Patrick Cameron: Dressing Long Hair 2 1e Patrick Cameron and Nutrition: A Practical Approach 1e Suzanne Le Quesne Jacki Wadeson Hands on Sports Therapty 1e Keith Ward Bridal Hair 1e Pat Dixon and Jacki Wadeson Encyclopedia of Hair Removal: A Complete Reference to Professional Men’s Hairdressing: The Art of Cutting and Styling Methods, Techniques and Career Opportunities, Gill Morris 1e Guy Kremer and Jacki Wadeson and Janice Brown Essensuals, the Next Generation Toni and Guy: Step by Step The Anatomy and Physiology Workbook: For Beauty and 1e Sacha Mascolo, Christian Mascolo and Stuart Wesson Holistic Therapies Levels 1–3. Tina Parsons Mahogany Hairdressing: Step to Cutting, Colouring and Finishing The Anatomy and Physiology CD-Rom Hair 1e Martin Gannon and Richard Thompson Beautiful Selling: The Complete Guide to Sales Success in the Mahogany Hairdressing: Advanced Looks 1e Martin Gannon Salon Rath Langley and Richard Thompson The Official Guide to the Diploma in Hair and Beauty Studies at The Total Look: The Style Guide for Hair and Make-up Professional Foundation Level 1e Jane Goldsbro and Elaine White 1e Ian Mistlin The Official Guide to the Diploma in Hair and Beauty Studies at Trevor Sorbie: Visions in Hair 1e Trevor Sorbie, Kris Sorbie and Higher Level 1e Jane Goldsbro and Elaine White Jacki Wadeson The Official Guide to Foundation Learning in Hair and Beauty 1e The Art of Hair Colouring 1e David Adams and Jacki Wadeson Jane Goldsbro and Elaine White Beauty Therapy The Foundations – The © 2014, Cengage Learning EMEA Oicial Guide to Level 2 NVQ, 6th Edition ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein Lorraine Nordmann may be reproduced, transmitted, stored or used in any form or by any means Publishing Director:  Linden Harris graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, Development Editor:  Lauren Darby or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Senior Production Editor:  Alison Burt Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, or applicable Administration Assistant:  Claire Whittaker copyright law of another jurisdiction, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Senior Manufacturing Buyer:  Eyvett Davis Typesetter:  MPS Limited While the publisher has taken all reasonable care in the preparation of this book, the publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard Cover design:  HCT Creative to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept Text design:  Design Deluxe any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions from the book or the consequences thereof. Products and services that are referred to in this book may be either trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The p ublishers and author/s make no claim to these trademarks. The publisher does not endorse, and accepts no responsibility or liability for, incorrect or defamatory content contained in hyperlinked material. All the URLs in this book are correct at the time of going to press; however the Publisher accepts no responsibility for the content and continued availability of third party websites. For product information and technology assistance, contact [email protected]. For permission to use material from this text or product, and for permission queries, email [email protected]. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-1-4080-7112-0 Cengage Learning EMEA Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, Hampshire, SP10 5BE United Kingdom Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education Ltd. For your lifelong learning solutions, visit www.cengage.co.uk Purchase your next print book, e-book or e-chapter at www.cengagebrain.com Printed in China by RR Donnelley Print Year: 2015 Print Number: 02 Contents Foreword xi About the author xii Acknowledgements xiii Credit list xiv About the book xvi About the website xviii Introduction xix 1 Introduction The structure of the skin 26 2 The epidermis 26 What is a NVQ? 4 The layers and zones of the epidermis 27 Qualification structure and requirements 4 The dermis 29 Units and outcomes 5 Skin appendages 33 Performance criteria – what you must do 6 Subcutaneous layer 35 Range – what you must cover 6 Hair 35 Knowledge and understanding 6 The structure of hair 36 Portfolio evidence 6 Types of hair 36 Career opportunities when qualified 7 The parts of the hair and related skin 37 Employment opportunities 8 Hair growth 39 Progression opportunities 9 The nails 42 Industry role models 11 The structure and function of the nail 42 2 Anatomy and Physiology Nail growth 45 18 The nervous system 45 Anatomy and physiology knowledge and understanding The central nervous system 46 requirements 20 Nerves 46 Anatomical terminology 21 Nerve impulses 47 The skin 21 The autonomic nervous system 48 Skin gender differences 21 The muscular system 49 Skin age differences 22 Facial muscles 50 Cells 22 The muscles of the hand and arm 56 Tissues 23 The muscles of the foot and lower leg 57 Functions of the skin 24 The bones 59 Protection 24 Bones of the head, neck, chest and shoulders 60 Heat regulation 24 Bones of the hand and arm 62 Absorption 25 The bones of the foot and lower leg 63 Secretion 25 The main constituents of blood 65 Sensation 25 Blood circulation 66 Excretion 26 The arteries of the arm and hand 68 Nutrition 26 The arteries of the foot and leg 68 v vi CONTENTS The lymphatic system 70 Malignant tumours 126 Lymph 70 Skin allergies 126 Lymph vessels 70 Lymph nodes 70 4 Selling Skills 132 Location of groups of lymph nodes 72 3 Health and Safety Unit Topic 133 78 The importance of product or services promotion 134 Unit Topic 79 Features and benefits 137 Legislation 80 Selling products 138 The Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) (HASAWA) 81 Product suitability 138 Hazards and risks 82 Techniques in selling 139 The Management of Health and Safety at Work Staff training 139 Regulations (1999) 83 Methods of promoting products and services 140 The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at Work The range of products 143 Regulations (2002) 83 Consumer protection legislation 143 The Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations Consumer Protection Act (1987) 143 (1992) 84 Consumer Safety Act (1978) 144 Manual Handling Operations Regulations (1992) 85 Prices Act (1974) 144 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations Trade Descriptions Acts (1968 and 1972) 144 (PUWER) (1998) 86 Resale Prices Acts (1964 and 1976) 144 Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Sale and Supply of Goods Act (1994) 144 Regulations (1992) 87 Cosmetic Products (Safety) Regulations (2004) 144 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Data Protection Act (DPA) (1998) 145 Regulations (2002) 87 Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations Cosmetic Products (Safety) Regulations (2008) 89 (2000) 145 Electricity at Work Regulations (1989) 89 The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) (1996) 145 Accidents 90 Equal opportunities policy 146 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Professional codes of practice 146 Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) (1995) 90 Insurance 146 First aid 91 Informing clients about additional products or services 146 Disposal of waste 93 Use good communication techniques 147 Fire 93 Promotions 149 Other emergencies 96 Demonstration 150 Insurance 97 Client suitability 151 Personal health, hygiene and presentation 97 Targets 151 Suggestions for personal presentation 98 Productivity 151 General rules for employees 98 Gaining client feedback 152 Ethics 99 Diet, exercise and sleep 100 5 Professional Development 154 Posture 100 Personal hygiene 101 Unit Topic 155 Hygiene and infection control in the workplace 104 Personal performance at work 156 Skin diseases and disorders 107 Example: Beauty therapy code of conduct Bacterial infections 108 requirements 157 Viral infections 110 Job roles and responsibilities 158 Infestations 112 Client care 160 Fungal diseases 114 Communication skills 161 Sebaceous gland disorders 115 Avoiding client dissatisfaction 163 Pigmentation disorders 118 Complaints 164 Vascular (circulatory) disorders 120 Dealing with client dissatisfaction or complaint 165 Cellular naevi or moles 122 Improving your performance 166 Skin disorders involving abnormal cellular growth 125 Setting targets 167 CONTENTS vii Personal effectiveness against targets set 169 Consultation 228 Being positive about non-positive feedback 169 Contra-indications 232 Developing confidence and experience within Preparing the client 233 the job role 170 Cleansing 234 Effective teamwork 170 Cleansing preparations 234 Punctuality 172 Cleansing service 238 Working under pressure 172 Toning 243 Absence from work 172 Toning preparations 243 Grievances 175 Application 245 Blotting the skin 246 6 Reception Moisturizing 246 178 Moisturizers for daytime use 247 Unit Topic 179 Moisturizers for night-time use 249 First impressions 180 Specialist skin service products 249 Reception area 181 Contra-indications 251 Data Protection Act (DPA) (1998) 184 Advice on home use 253 The receptionist duties 184 Warming the skin 254 The importance of good communication 186 Removing skin blockages – extraction 257 Telephone communication 188 Tools and equipment 258 Transferring calls 189 Sterilization and disinfection 258 Taking messages 189 Service application 259 Listening skills 190 Mask service 261 Dealing with a dissatisfied client or complaint 191 Setting masks 261 Appointments 191 Non-setting masks 263 Bookings 191 Contra-indications 264 Dealing with appointment problems 195 Tools and equipment 265 The payment point 196 Mask service 265 Types of payment points 196 Facial massage 268 Equipment and materials required 197 Reception 269 Security at the payment point 198 Massage manipulations 269 Methods of payment 199 Tools and equipment 271 Loyalty cards 202 After the massage 277 Advice on home care 277 7 Facials Specialist facial service 277 204 Aftercare 279 Unit Topic 205 Caring for the skin 206 8 Eyebrows and Lashes Threats to the skin 210 282 Internal 210 Unit Topic 283 External 211 Eyebrow shaping 284 Skincare services 214 Preparing the work area for eyebrow shaping 284 Skin types 214 Tools and equipment 285 Basic types 215 Specialist tools and equipment 285 Additional skin conditions 218 Setting up the work area 286 The sex of the client 220 Sterilization and disinfection 287 The age of the skin 220 Client care, consultation and communication 287 Differences in skin 221 Reception requirements 287 Preparing the work area for facial service 225 Client arrival 287 Tools and equipment 225 Consultation 288 Client care, consultation and communication 227 Choosing an eyebrow shape 289 Reception requirements 227 H ow to measure the eyebrows to decide length 291 Client arrival 228 Contra-indications 292 viii CONTENTS Contra-actions 295 Concealing blemishes 347 Aftercare advice 298 Applying concealer to blemishes 348 Permanent eyebrow and eyelash tinting 299 How to apply concealer to disguise skin pigmentation The development of colour 300 disorders 349 Preparing the work area for permanent tinting 300 Foundation 351 Tools and equipment 300 Types of foundation 352 Setting up the work area 301 Foundation colour 355 Sterilization and disinfection 301 Applying foundation 357 Reception requirements 302 Contouring 358 Skin sensitivity (patch) test 303 Contour cosmetics 358 Client care, consultation and communication skills 303 How to apply powder blushers 359 Contra-indications 304 How to apply cream blushers 360 Contra-actions 305 How to apply liquid blushers 360 Tint the eyebrows and lashes 305 Face shapes 360 Tinting the eyelashes 306 Features 362 Tinting the eyebrows 308 Face powder 363 Aftercare advice 310 Types of face powder 363 Artificial eyelashes 311 How to apply powder 364 Preparing the work area for artificial eyelashes 312 Bronzing products 365 Tools and equipment 312 Types of bronzing product 365 Setting up the work area 312 The eyes 365 Sterilization and disinfection 313 Eyeshadow 365 Reception requirements 313 How to apply eyeshadow 366 Client care, consultation and communication skills 314 Eyeliner 367 Contra-indications 316 Eyebrow colour 368 Contra-actions 317 Mascara 369 Preparing the client 317 Eye make-up for the client who wears glasses 371 Applying individual flare lashes 317 How to apply corrective eye make-up 371 Applying strip lashes 319 The eyelashes 373 How to remove individual eyelashes 321 The lips 374 How to remove strip lashes 322 Lip liner 374 How to recurl strip lashes 323 Lipstick 374 Aftercare advice 323 Lip gloss 375 9 Make-up Lip stain 375 328 Lip balm 375 Unit Topic 329 How to apply corrective lip make-up 375 Make-up services 330 How to apply lipstick 376 Preparing the work area for make-up services 331 Finishing the service 378 Tools and equipment 332 Aftercare advice 378 Specialist tools and equipment 333 The client’s needs 379 Sterilization and disinfection 336 Day make-up 379 Client care, consultation and communication 337 Evening make-up 380 Reception requirements 337 Special occasion make-up 380 Client arrival 338 Photographic make-up 380 Consultation 339 Make-up to suit skin and hair colouring 381 Contra-indications 340 Make-up for the mature skin 383 Contra-actions 342 Preparing the client 342 10 Instruction in Skincare Applying make-up products 345 and Make-up 390 The make-up sequence 345 Age of the client 346 Unit Topic 391 Concealer 347 Make-up instruction 392 CONTENTS ix Preparing the work area for instruction in skincare and Reception requirements 460 make-up 392 Consultation 461 Tools and equipment 393 Service plan 461 Sterilization and disinfection 393 Skin and nail disorders of the feet 462 Client care, consultation and communication 394 Preparing the client 466 Reception requirements 394 Cutting and filing toenails 469 Consultation 394 Removing hard skin 470 Communication skills 396 Foot and nail services 471 Contra-indications and contra-actions 396 Foot and lower leg massage 474 Preparing the client 397 Nail polish application 476 Instruction and application of skincare and make-up 398 Aftercare advice 477 Use of diagrams 399 Verbal explanation 399 13 Wax Depilation 482 Use of written instructions 400 Deliver Make-Up Instruction: Step-By-Steps 401 Unit Topic 483 Evaluating the instruction provided 404 Hair removal methods 484 Other methods of hair removal 486 11 Manicure Permanent methods of hair removal 488 408 H air regrowth following temporary methods of hair Unit Topic 409 removal 488 Preparing the work area for manicure 410 Preparing the work area for wax depilation 489 Tools and equipment 413 Tools and equipment 489 Sterilization and disinfection 416 Types of wax 490 Client care, consultation and communication 417 Basic equipment 491 Reception requirements 417 Sterilization and disinfection 492 Consultation 418 Client care, consultation and communication 493 Skin and nail disorders of the hands 419 Reception requirements 493 Service plan 426 Consultation 495 Preparing the client 427 Contra-indications 496 Filing 431 Contra-actions 499 Buffing 433 Preparing the client 501 Cuticle work 434 Warm wax techniques 503 Hand and nail services 435 Providing a half-leg wax service 504 Warm-oil service 435 Full-leg service 507 Exfoliating service 435 How to provide a bikini line service 507 Hand service mask 436 Providing an underarm service 508 Paraffin wax service 436 How to provide an eyebrow service 511 Thermal mitts 437 Aftercare and advice 512 Hand and forearm massage 439 Hot waxing 514 Nail polish application 442 Equipment and materials 514 Styles of polish application 442 Providing hot wax service 514 Manicure for a male client 446 Sugaring and strip sugar 516 Aftercare 448 Reception requirements 516 Exercises for the hands 449 Tools and equipment 516 Providing a strip sugar service 518 12 Pedicure Disposable applicator roller waxing systems 518 454 Unit Topic 455 14 Spa Preparing the work area for pedicure 457 522 Tools and equipment 458 Unit Topic 523 Sterilization and disinfection 460 Spa services 524 Client care, consultation and communication skills 460 General effects of spa therapy services 525

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