Basic science of oncology PDF
Preview Basic science of oncology
The Basic Science of Oncology Notice Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. Th e authors and the publisher of this work have checked with sources believed to be reliable in their eff orts to provide information that is complete and generally in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confi rm the information contained herein with other sources. The Basic Science of Oncology Fifth Edition Editors Ian F. Tannock, Robert G. Bristow, MD, PhD, DSc MD, PhD Staff Physician and Senior Scientist Staff Physician and Senior Scientist Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell University Health Network Family Institute for Cancer Research Professor of Medicine and Medical Biophysics Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University of Toronto University Health Network Toronto, Ontario Professor of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics Richard P. Hill, PhD University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Senior Scientist, Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research Lea Harrington, PhD Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network IRIC-Institut de Recherché en Immunologie Professor of Medical Biophysics and et en Cancérologie Radiation Oncology Professor, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Université de Montréal Toronto, Ontario Montréal, Québec New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2013, 2005, 1998, 1992, 1987 by McGraw-Hill Education, LLC. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. D o w n ISBN: 978-0-07-181349-5 loa d e d MHID: 0-07-181349-7 by [ H a The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-174520-8, ce MHID: 0-07-174520-3. ttep e U n All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in iv e an editorial fashion only, and to the benefi t of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this rsity book, they have been printed with initial caps. 8 5 .2 4 McGraw-Hill Education eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. 1.9 To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected]. .22 0 ] a International Edition ISBN 978-0-07-176732-3; MHID 0-07-176732-0. Copyright © 2013. Exclusive rights by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., for t [0 1 manufacture and export. This book cannot be re-exported from the country to which it is consigned by McGraw-Hill. The International Edition is not available /2 0 in North America. /15 ]. C o TERMS OF USE p y rig h This is a copyrighted work and McGraw-Hill Education, LLC. and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. t © Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse M c engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without G ra McGraw-Hill Education’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. w -H Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. ill G lo THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL EDUCATION AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE b a ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION l E d THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS uc a OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. tio n McGraw-Hill Education and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation H o will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill Education nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, ld in regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill Education has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed g through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill Education and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential s, L L or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation C. N of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise. o t to b e re d istrib u te d o r m o d ifie d in a n y w a y w ith o u t p e rm issio n . Contents Contributors vii Preface xi 1. Introduction to Cancer Biology 1 13. Heterogeneity in Cancer: Lea Harrington, Robert G. Bristow, The “Cancer Stem Cell” Hypothesis 295 Richard P. Hill, and Ian F. Tannock Craig Gedye 2. Methods of Molecular Analysis 5 14. Imaging in Oncology 317 Anthony M. Joshua, Paul C. Boutros, David A. Jaff ray and Th omas Kislinger 15. Molecular and Cellular Basis 3. Cancer Epidemiology 51 of Radiotherapy 333 Gord Fehringer, Rayjean J. Hung, Shane M. Harding, Richard P. Hill, and Geoff rey Liu and Robert G. Bristow 4. Chemical Carcinogenesis 73 16. Tumor and Normal Tissue Response Denis M. Grant to Radiotherapy 357 Richard P. Hill and Robert G. Bristow 5. Genomic Stability and DNA Repair 89 Shane M. Harding, Robert G. Bristow, 17. Discovery and Evaluation and Lea Harrington of Anticancer Drugs 393 Aaron D. Schimmer and Ian F. Tannock 6. Oncogenic Viruses and Tumor Viruses 117 Fei-Fei Liu and Christopher D. Richardson 18. Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs 419 Eric X. Chen 7. Oncogenes and Tumor-Suppressor Genes 147 19. Drug Resistance 443 Previn Dutt and Vuk Stambolic Susan P.C. Cole and Ian F. Tannock 8. Cellular Signaling Pathways 173 20. Hormones and Cancer 469 Michael Reedijk and C. Jane McGlade Paul S. Rennie, Eric Leblanc, and Leigh C. Murphy 9. Cell Proliferation and Death 193 Paul Jorgensen and Razqallah Hakem 21. The Immune System and Immunotherapy 501 10. Tumor Progression and Metastasis 219 Linh T. Nguyen, Evan F. Lind, Yang W. Shao, Rama Khokha, and Richard P. Hill and Pamela S. Ohashi 11. Angiogenesis 243 22. Guide to Clinical Studies 529 Janusz Rak Eitan Amir and Ian F. Tannock 12. Tumor Growth, Microenvironment, and Metabolism 271 Index 553 Rob A. Cairns, Ian F. Tannock, and Bradly Wouters v This page intentionally left blank Contributors Eitan Amir, MB ChB, PhD Susan P.C. Cole, PhD, FRSC, FCAHS Staff Physician and Clinician Scientist Canada Research Chair and Bracken Chair in Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Genetics and Molecular Medicine Cancer Centre Professor of Pathology and Molecular Medicine University Health Network Queen’s University Assistant Professor of Medicine Kingston, Ontario University of Toronto Previn Dutt, PhD Toronto, Ontario Postdoctoral Fellow Paul C. Boutros, PhD Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Principal Investigator, Informatics and Biocomputing Cancer Centre Assistant Professor of Medical Biophysics University Health Network Assistant Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology Toronto, Ontario University of Toronto Gord Fehringer, PhD Toronto, Ontario Scientifi c Associate Prosserman Centre for Health Research Robert G. Bristow, MD, PhD Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute of Mount Staff Physician and Senior Scientist Sinai Hospital Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Toronto, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Craig Gedye, MBChB, FRACP, PhD University Health Network Postdoctoral and Medical Oncology Fellow Professor of Radiation Oncology and Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Medical Biophysics Cancer Centre University of Toronto University Health Network Toronto, Ontario University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Rob A. Cairns, PhD Associate Scientist Denis M. Grant, PhD Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research Professor Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Cancer Centre Faculty of Medicine and Department University Health Network of Pharmaceutical Sciences Toronto, Ontario Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto Eric X. Chen, MD, PhD Toronto, Ontario Staff Physician Razqallah Hakem, PhD Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Senior Scientist Cancer Centre Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret University Health Network Cancer Centre Assistant Professor of Medicine University Health Network University of Toronto Professor of Medical Biophysics and Immunology Toronto, Ontario University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario vii viii CONTRIBUTORS Shane M. Harding, PhD Rama Khokha, PhD Post-Doctoral Fellow Senior Scientist Department of Cancer Biology Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine for Cancer Research Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Princess Margaret Cancer Centre University Health Network Lea Harrington, PhD Professor of Medical Biophysics IRIC-Institut de Recherché en Immunologie University of Toronto et en Cancérologie Toronto, Ontario Professor, Faculty of Medicine Université de Montréal Th omas Kislinger, PhD Montréal, Québec Senior Scientist Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Richard P. Hill, PhD Cancer Centre Senior Scientist University Health Network Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute Professor of Medical Biophysics for Cancer Research University of Toronto Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Toronto, Ontario University Health Network Professor of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology Eric Leblanc, PhD University of Toronto Research Associate Toronto, Ontario Urologic Sciences Th e Vancouver Prostate Centre Rayjean J. Hung, PhD, MS University of British Columbia Principal Investigator, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Vancouver, British Columbia Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital Cancer Care Ontario Research Chair in Evan F. Lind, PhD Population Studies Postdoctoral Fellow Division of Epidemiology Th e Campbell Family Institute for Breast Dalla Lana School of Public Health Cancer Research University of Toronto Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Toronto, Ontario Cancer Centre University Health Network David A. Jaff ray, PhD, ABMP Toronto, Ontario Head Radiation Physics, Radiation Medicine Program Fei-Fei Liu, MD, FRCPC Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Chief Director, Techna Institute Radiation Medicine Program Senior Scientist Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Ontario Cancer Institute University Health Network University Health Network Professor of Radiation Oncology Professor of Radiation Oncology, Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto and IBBME Toronto, Ontario University of Toronto Geoff rey Liu, MD, FRCPC Toronto, Ontario Alan B. Brown Chair in Molecular Genomics and Paul Jorgensen, PhD Senior Scientist Senior Research Associate Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Cancer Centre Biomolecular Research University Health Network University of Toronto Associate Professor of Medicine Toronto, Ontario Medical Biophysics and Epidemiology Anthony M. Joshua, MBBS, PhD, FRACP University of Toronto and Dalla Lana School of Staff Physician and Associate Scientist Public Health Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Toronto, Ontario Cancer Centre University Health Network Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario CONTRIBUTORS ix C. Jane McGlade, PhD Paul S. Rennie, PhD, FCAHS Senior Scientist Director Program in Cell Biology and the Arthur and Sonia Laboratory Research Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre Th e Vancouver Prostate Centre Hospital for Sick Children Professor, Department of Urologic Sciences Professor of Medical Biophysics University of British Columbia University of Toronto Vancouver, British Columbia Toronto, Ontario Christopher D. Richardson, PhD Leigh C. Murphy, PhD Professor and Canada Research Chair Chair Department of Microbiology and Immunology Breast Cancer Research Group at the Department of Pediatrics University of Manitoba Dalhousie University Senior Scientist, Manitoba Institute for Cell Biology Halifax Professor of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics Nova Scotia University of Manitoba Aaron D. Schimmer, MD, PhD, FRCPC Winnipeg, Manitoba Staff Physician and Senior Scientist Linh T. Nguyen, PhD Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Head Cancer Centre Translational Immunotherapy Laboratory University Health Network Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research Associate Professor of Medicine and Medical Biophysics Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret University of Toronto Cancer Centre Toronto, Ontario University Health Network Yang W. Shao, BSc Toronto, Ontario PhD Candidate Pamela S. Ohashi, PhD Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Director Cancer Centre Immune Th erapy Program University Health Network Senior Scientist Department of Medical Biophysics Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret University of Toronto Cancer Centre Toronto, Ontario University Health Network Vuk Stambolic, PhD Professor of Immunology Senior Scientist University of Toronto Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret Toronto, Ontario Cancer Centre Janusz Rak, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medical Biophysics Jack Cole Chair in Pediatric Hematology/Oncology University of Toronto Professor, Department of Pediatrics Toronto, Ontario McGill University Ian F. Tannock, MD, PhD, DSc Montreal Children’s Hospital and Th e Research Institute Staff Physician and Senior Scientist of the McGill University Health Centre Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Montreal, Quebec University Health Network Michael Reedijk, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine and Medical Biophysics Surgeon Scientist University of Toronto Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Toronto, Ontario University Health Network Bradly Wouters, PhD Associate Professor of Surgery and Senior Scientist Medical Biophysics Ontario Cancer Institute and Princess Margaret University of Toronto Cancer Centre Toronto, Ontario University Health Network Professor of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario
The list of books you might like
