Ballistic Imaging PDF
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Ballistic Imaging http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12162.html Ballistic Imaging Committee to Assess the Feasibility, Accuracy, and Technical Capability of a National Ballistic Database Daniel L. Cork, John E. Rolph, Eugene S. Meieran, and Carol V. Petrie, Editors Committee on Law and Justice Committee on National Statistics Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education National Materials Advisory Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Ballistic Imaging http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12162.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. The project that is the subject of this report was supported by contract 2003-IJ-CX-1013 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Justice. The work of the Committee on National Statistics is provided by a consortium of federal agencies through a grant from the National Science Foundation (Number SBR-0112521). Any opinions, find- ings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Assess the Feasibility, Accuracy, and Technical Capability of a National Ballistics Database. Ballistic imaging / Committee to Assess the Feasibility, Accuracy, and Technical Capability of a National Ballistic Database ; Daniel L. Cork ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-309-11724-1 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-309-11725-8 (pdf : alk. paper) 1. Forensic ballistics—Atlases—Data processing—Government policy— United States. 2. Bullets—Identification—Databases. 3. Images, Photographic—Databases. 4. Electronic records—United States—Management—Data processing. I. Cork, Daniel L. II. Title. HV8077.N38 2008 363.25'62—dc22 2008015181 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2008 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Cover illustration and design by Van Nguyen. Cover images: Gun and bullets images provided by C. Sherburne/PhotoLink ©1999 PhotoDisc, Inc. All rights reserved. Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2008). Ballistic Imaging. Committee to Assess the Feasibility, Accuracy, and Technical Capability of a National Ballistic Database. Daniel L. Cork, John E. Rolph, Eugene S. Meieran, and Carol V. Petrie, eds. Committee on Law and Justice and Committee on National Statistics, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; National Materials Advisory Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Ballistic Imaging http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12162.html The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general wel- fare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineer- ing programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is presi- dent of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Insti- tute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sci- ences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Ballistic Imaging http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12162.html Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Ballistic Imaging http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12162.html COMMITTEE TO ASSESS THE FEASIbILITy, ACCuRACy, AND TECHNICAL CAPAbILITy OF A NATIONAL bALLISTIC DATAbASE John E. Rolph (Chair), Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California Eugene S. Meieran (Vice Chair), Fellow, Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California Alfred Blumstein, H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University Alicia Carriquiry, Department of Statistics, Iowa State University Scott Chumbley, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University Philip J. Cook, Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Duke University Marc De Graef, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University David L. Donoho, Department of Statistics, Stanford University William F. Eddy, Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University George (Rusty) Gray, Materials Science Division, Los Alamos National Laboratories Eric Grimson, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Department of Medical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Daniel Huttenlocher, Department of Computing, Information Science, and Business, Cornell University Michael M. Meyer, Google, Inc., Seattle, Washington Vijay Nair, Department of Statistics and Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan Angelo Ninivaggi, Plexus Corp., Neenah, Wisconsin David W. Pisenti, Consultant, Fredericksburg, Virginia Daryl Pregibon, Google, Inc., New York, New York Herman M. Reininga, Rockwell Collins, Cedar Rapids, Iowa James K. (Chips) Stewart, CNA Corporation, Alexandria, Virginia Michael Stonebraker, Department of Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harry Wechsler,* Department of Computer Science, George Mason University Julia Weertman, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University (emeritus) Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Ballistic Imaging http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12162.html Carol V. Petrie, Study Director Daniel L. Cork, Senior Program Officer Gary Fischman,** Director, National Materials Adisory Board Michael Siri, Senior Program Assistant Anthony A. Braga, Consultant Lawden Yates, Consultant *Served until May 2004. **Served as liaison member to the committee from the National Materials Advisory Board until becoming that board’s staff director in March 2005. i Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Ballistic Imaging http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12162.html COMMITTEE ON LAW AND JuSTICE 2007 James Q. Wilson (Chair), School of Public Policy, Pepperdine University, and Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles (emeritus) Philip J. Cook (Vice Chair), Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Duke University David H. Bayley, School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany, State University of New York Richard Bonnie, Institute of Law, Psychiatry, and Public Policy, University of Virginia Law School Martha Crenshaw, Department of Political Science, Wesleyan University Robert Crutchfield, Department of Sociology, University of Washington John DiIulio, Jr., Department of Political Science, University of Pennsylvania Steven Durlauf, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison John Ferejohn, Hoover Institution, Stanford University Arthur Goldberger, Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison (emeritus) Bruce Hoffman, RAND Corporation, Washington, DC Robert L. Johnson, Office of the Dean, New Jersey Medical School John H. Laub, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland Tracey Meares, School of Law, University of Chicago Terrie Moffitt, Institute of Psychiatry, University of London Mark Moore, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University Ruth Peterson, Department of Sociology, Ohio State University Richard Rosenfeld, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri, St. Louis Robert J. Sampson, Department of Sociology, Harvard University Jeremy Travis, Office of the President, John Jay College of Criminal Justice Christy Visher, Justice Policy Center, Urban Institute Carol V. Petrie, Director ii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Ballistic Imaging http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12162.html COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL STATISTICS 2008 William F. Eddy (Chair), Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University Katharine Abraham, Department of Economics and Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland William DuMouchel, Lincoln Technologies, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts John Haltiwanger, Department of Economics, University of Maryland V. Joseph Hotz, Department of Economics, University of California, Los Angeles Karen Kafadar, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center Douglas Massey, Department of Sociology, Princeton University Sally Morton, Statistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Vijay Nair, Department of Statistics and Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan Joseph Newhouse, Division of Health Policy Research and Education, Harvard University Samuel H. Preston, Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania Kenneth Prewitt, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University Louise Ryan, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University Roger Tourangeau, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, and Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland Alan Zaslavsky, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School Constance F. Citro, Director iii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Ballistic Imaging http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12162.html NATIONAL MATERIALS ADvISORy bOARD 2007 Katharine G. Frase (Chair), IBM Corporate Technology and Intellectual Property, Somers, New York Lyle H. Schwartz (Vice Chair), Consultant, Chevy Chase, Maryland John Allison, Ford Research Laboratories, Dearborn, Michigan Paul Becher, Metals and Ceramic Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cheryl R. Blanchard, Zimmer, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana Everett E. Bloom, Metal and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Barbara D. Boyan, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology L. Catherine Brinson, Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University John W. Cahn, University of Washington Dianne Chong, Materials and Process Technology and Structural Technology, Prototyping and Quality, The Boeing Company, St. Louis, Missouri Paul Citron, Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota (retired) Fiona Doyle, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley Sossina M. Haile, Associate Professor of Materials Science and of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Carol A. Handwerker, Department of Materials Engineering, Purdue University Elizabeth Holm, Sandia National Laboratories, Hoboken, New Jersey Andrew T. Hunt, nGimat Company, Atlanta, Georgia David W. Johnson, Jr., Senior Advisor, Stevens Institute of Technology Robert H. Latiff, SAIC, Alexandria, Virginia Terry Lowe, Los Alamos National Laboratory Kenneth H. Sandhage, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Linda Schadler, Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Robert E. Schafrik, Materials and Process Engineering Department, GE Aircraft Engines, Cincinnati, Ohio James C. Seferis, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington Sharon L. Smith, Advanced Technologies, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Bethesda, Maryland Gary Fischman, Director ix Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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