ebook img

Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach PDF

542 Pages·2010·21.25 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Bacterial Pathogenesis: A Molecular Approach

This page intentionally left blank Address editorial correspondence to ASM Press, 1752 N St. NW, Washington, DC 20036-2904, USA Send orders to ASM Press, P.O. Box 605, Herndon, VA20172, USA Phone: 800-546-2416; 703-661-1593 Fax: 703-661-1501 E-mail: [email protected] Online: estore.asm.org Copyright (cid:2) 2011 ASM Press American Society for Microbiology 1752 N St. NW Washington, DC 20036-2904 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bacterial pathogenesis : a molecular approach / Brenda A. Wilson ... [et al.].— 3rd ed. p. ; cm. Rev. ed. of: Bacterial pathogenesis : a molecular approach / Abigail A. Salyers and Dixie D. Whitt. 2nd ed. c2002. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-55581-418-2 (softcover : alk. paper) 1. Bacterial diseases— Pathogenesis. 2. Molecular microbiology. I. Wilson, Brenda A. II. Salyers, Abigail A. Bacterial pathogenesis. [DNLM: 1. Bacteria—pathogenicity. 2. Bacterial Infections—etiology. 3. Bacterial Infections—prevention & control. 4. Host-Parasite Interactions. 5. Virulence. QZ 65] QR201.B34S24 2011 616.9(cid:2)207—dc22 2010029309 Current printing (last digit) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Cover and interior design: Susan Brown Schmidler This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface xiii Chapter 1 The Power of Bacteria 1 Why Are Bacteria Once Again in the Public Health Spotlight? 1 Bacteria, an Ancient Life Form 2 Pressing Current Infectious Disease Issues 4 Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases 4 Food-Borne and Water-Borne Infections 4 Modern Medicine as a Source of New Diseases 6 Postsurgical and Other Wound Infections 6 Bioterrorism 8 A New Respect for Prevention 8 Surveillance: an Early-Warning System 9 Making Hospitals Safe for Patients 9 And Now for Some Really Good News: You’ve Got a Bacterial Infection! 10 The H. pylori Revolution 10 The Aftermath 11 Microbiota Shift Diseases 11 Genomics 12 Modeling the Host-Pathogen Interaction in Experimental Animals 13 Correlation Studies 13 A Brave New World of Pathogenesis Research 13 SELECTED READINGS 14 QUESTIONS 15 vii viii Contents Chapter 2 Production of Antibodies by B Cells 64 Links between the Innate and Adaptive Defense Skin and Mucosa: the First Lines of Systems 65 Defense against Bacterial Infections 16 T-Cell-Independent Antibody Responses 65 Barriers: Skin and Mucosal Membranes 16 Mucosal Immunity 66 Defenses of the Skin 18 Development of the Adaptive Response System from Infancy to Adulthood 69 Epidermis 18 Normal Microbiota 19 Adaptive Defense Systems in Nonmammals 70 Defenses of the Dermis 20 The Dark Side of the Adaptive Defenses— Defenses of Mucosal Surfaces 21 Autoimmune Disease 70 Special Defenses of the Gastrointestinal Tract 23 SELECTED READINGS 71 Models for Studying Breaches of Barrier QUESTIONS 71 Defenses 26 SOLVING PROBLEMS IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS 72 SELECTED READINGS 26 QUESTIONS 27 Chapter 5 The Normal Human Microbiota 73 Chapter 3 Importance of the Normal Microbial Populations The Innate Immune System: Always on (Microbiota) of the Human Body 73 Guard 28 Nucleic Acid-Based Approaches to Characterization Triggering Innate Immune Defenses 28 of the Microbiota 74 Phagocytes: Powerful Defenders of Blood and Tissue 28 Taking a Microbial Census by Using Microbial rRNA Inflammation and Collateral Damage 36 Sequence Analysis 74 NK Cells 37 Beyond the Metagenome 90 The Complement Cascade 38 Overview of the Human Microbiota 90 Characteristics and Roles of Complement Proteins and the Skin Microbiota 90 Complement Cascade 38 Oropharyngeal Microbiota 90 Roles of Cytokines and Chemokines in Directing the Microbiota of the Small Intestine and Colon 91 Phagocyte Response 42 Microbiota of the Vaginal Tract 94 Other Activities of Cytokines 46 The Forgotten Eukaryotes 94 The Dark Side of the Innate Defenses: Septic Shock 47 SELECTED READINGS 95 SELECTED READINGS 50 QUESTIONS 95 QUESTIONS 50 SOLVING PROBLEMS IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS 96 Chapter 4 Chapter 6 The Second Line of Defense: Antibodies Microbes and Disease: Establishing a and Cytotoxic T Cells 51 Connection 98 Antibodies 52 History and Relevance of Koch’s Postulates 98 Characteristics of Antibodies and Their Diverse Roles in The First Postulate: Association of the Microbe with Preventing Infection 52 Lesions of the Disease 99 Serum Antibodies 54 The Second Postulate: Isolating the Bacterium in Pure Secretory Antibodies—Antibodies That Protect Mucosal Culture 100 Surfaces 56 The Third Postulate: Showing that the Isolated Bacterium Affinity and Avidity 57 Causes Disease in Humans or Animals 101 CTLs 57 The Fourth Postulate: Reisolating the Bacterium from the Intentionally Infected Animal 102 Production of Antibodies and Activated CTLs 58 Modern Alternatives To Satisfy Koch’s Postulates 102 Processing of Protein Antigens by DCs 58 Is a Fifth Postulate Needed? 103 Interaction between APCs and T Cells: the The Microbiota Shift Disease Problem 106 T-Cell-Dependent Response 61 The Th1/Th2 View of the Adaptive Immune System 62 Concepts of Disease 106 Contents ix Varieties of Human-Microbe Interactions 106 The Continuing Need for Reliable and Plentiful Views of the Microbe-Human Interaction 106 Information about Disease Pathology 145 Molecular Koch’s Postulates 107 SELECTED READINGS 145 Virulence as a Complex Phenomenon 107 QUESTIONS 146 SELECTED READINGS 108 SOLVING PROBLEMS IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS 146 QUESTIONS 108 SOLVING PROBLEMS IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS 109 Chapter 9 Chapter 7 Identification of Virulence Factors: Molecular Approaches for Bacterial Mechanisms of Genetic Modification Factors 149 and Exchange: Role in Pathogen Evolution 111 Traditional Biochemical and Genetic Approaches 151 Adapt or Perish 111 Traditional Biochemical Approaches 151 Acquiring New Virulence Traits by HGT 111 Molecular Genetic Approaches 152 Mechanisms of Genetic Change and Transposon Mutagenesis 152 Diversification 112 Measuring Virulence Gene Regulation: Gene Fusions 154 Point Mutations, Gene Deletions or Duplications, and Finding Genes That Are Expressed In Vivo 156 Chromosomal Rearrangements 112 Signature-Tagged Mutagenesis 156 Phase Variation 112 IVET 159 Antigenic Variation 115 Genomic Methods for Identifying Virulence HGT: Mobile Genetic Elements 116 Genes 165 Natural Transformation 116 GSH 165 Conjugation: Plasmids and Transposons 117 IVIAT 167 Phage Transduction 119 Microarrays 169 PAIs and Pathogen Evolution 121 Comparative Genomics for Vaccines and Therapeutics 171 Properties of PAIs 121 The Importance of Bacterial Physiology 171 Pathogen Evolution in Quantum Leaps 123 SELECTED READINGS 174 SELECTED READINGS 126 QUESTIONS 175 QUESTIONS 127 SOLVING PROBLEMS IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS 176 SOLVING PROBLEMS IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS 128 Chapter 10 Chapter 8 Identification of Virulence Factors: Identification of Virulence Factors: Molecular Approaches for Host Measuring Infectivity and Virulence 130 Factors 178 Animal Models of Infection 131 Human Volunteers 131 Approaches to Identifying Host Factors Required Nonhuman Animal Models 132 for Infection 178 Transgenic Animal Models 178 Measuring Bacterial Infection in Animal Comparative Genomics of the Host Response 180 Models 135 Transcriptional and Proteomic Profiling To Identify Host Ethical Considerations 135 Factors Required for Infection 180 LD and ID Values 137 50 50 Using Genome-Wide RNAi Screening To Identify Host Competition Assays 138 Factors Required for Infection 184 Tissue Culture and Organ Culture Models 139 Using the Host’s Immune Response To Find Bacterial Tissue Culture Models 139 Origins of Disease 186 Gentamicin Protection Assay 141 The Promise and the Caution 187 Plaque Assay for Cell-to-Cell Spread 143 SELECTED READINGS 187 Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques for Assessing Effects of Pathogens on Host Cells 143 QUESTIONS 188 Organ Culture Models 144 SOLVING PROBLEMS IN BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS 188

Description:
Written as a text for one-semester microbiology courses, the third edition of the highly acclaimed Bacterial Pathogenesis draws together the latest research to help students explore the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens cause infections in humans and animals. It features two additional authors
See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.