Audel™ Electrical Course for Apprentices and Journeymen

424 Pages·2004·4.73 MB·English

by  Paul Rosenberg

PQ793-1046G-PFM[i-xviii].qxd 2/20/04 2:39 AM Page iii Quark05 Quark05:BOOKS:PQ JOBS:PQ793:FINAL:
Audel™
Electrical Course for
Apprentices and
Journeymen
All New Fourth Edition
Paul Rosenberg
PQ793-1046G-PFM[i-xviii].qxd 2/20/04 2:39 AM Page ii Quark05 Quark05:BOOKS:PQ JOBS:PQ793:FINAL:
PQ793-1046G-PFM[i-xviii].qxd 2/20/04 2:39 AM Page i Quark05 Quark05:BOOKS:PQ JOBS:PQ793:FINAL:
Audel™
Electrical Course for
Apprentices and
Journeymen
All New Fourth Edition
PQ793-1046G-PFM[i-xviii].qxd 2/20/04 2:39 AM Page ii Quark05 Quark05:BOOKS:PQ JOBS:PQ793:FINAL:
PQ793-1046G-PFM[i-xviii].qxd 2/20/04 2:39 AM Page iii Quark05 Quark05:BOOKS:PQ JOBS:PQ793:FINAL:
Audel™
Electrical Course for
Apprentices and
Journeymen
All New Fourth Edition
Paul Rosenberg
PQ793-1046G-PFM[i-xviii].qxd 2/20/04 2:39 AM Page iv Quark05 Quark05:BOOKS:PQ JOBS:PQ793:FINAL:
Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley
Vice President and Executive Publisher: Robert Ipsen
Vice President and Publisher: Joseph B. Wikert
Executive Editorial Director: Mary Bednarek
Editorial Manager: Kathryn A. Malm
Executive Editor: Carol A. Long
Senior Production Editor: Fred Bernardi
Development Editor: Regina Brooks
Production Editor: Pamela Hanley
Text Design & Composition: Wiley Composition Services
Copyright © 2004 by Wiley Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1974 by Howard W. Sams & Co., Inc.
Copyright © 1984 by G.K. Hall & Co., Inc.
Copyright © 1988 by Macmillan Publishing Company, a division of Macmillan, Inc.
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of
the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission
of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee
to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA
01923, [phone], fax [phone]. Requests to the Publisher for permis-
sion should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475
Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, [phone], fax [phone],
E-mail: [email protected].
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used
their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties
with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifi-
cally disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular pur-
pose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales
materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situ-
ation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher
nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages,
including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
For general information on our other products and services please contact our
Customer Care Department within the United States at [phone], outside the
United States at [phone] or fax [phone].
Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, Audel, and related trade dress are
trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in
the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission.
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing,
Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that
appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
ISBN: 0-764-54200-1
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PQ793-1046G-PFM[i-xviii].qxd 2/20/04 2:39 AM Page v Quark05 Quark05:BOOKS:PQ JOBS:PQ793:FINAL:
Contents
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1 Electricity and Matter 1
Elements, Atoms, Molecules,
and Compounds 1
Electron Theory 3
Electric Current 9
Insulators and Conductors 11
Questions 12
Chapter 2 Units and Definitions 13
Fundamental and Derived Units 13
Definitions 15
Magnetic Units 17
Temperature Units 18
Questions 18
Chapter 3 Electrical Symbols 21
Graphic Electrical Wiring Symbols 21
0.1 Drafting Practices Applicable to
Graphic Electrical Wiring Symbols 21
0.2 Explanation Supplementing the
Schedule of Symbols 23
List of Symbols 27
1.0 Lighting Outlets 27
2.0 Receptacle Outlets 28
3.0 Switch Outlets 31
4.0 Signaling System Outlets: Institutional,
Commercial, and Industrial
Occupancies 31
5.0 Signaling System Outlets: Residential
Occupancies 36
v
PQ793-1046G-PFM[i-xviii].qxd 2/20/04 2:39 AM Page vi Quark05 Quark05:BOOKS:PQ JOBS:PQ793:FINAL:
vi Contents
6.0 Panelboards, Switchboards, and
Related Equipment 37
7.0 Bus Ducts and Wireways 38
8.0 Remote Control Stations for
Motors or Other Equipment* 39
9.0 Circuiting 39
10.0 Electric Distribution or Lighting
System, Underground 40
11.0 Electric Distribution or Lighting
System Aerial 41
Arrester, Lightning Arrester
(Electric Surge, etc.) Gap 42
Battery 43
Circuit Breakers 43
Circuit Return 45
Coil, Magnetic Blowout* 45
Contact, Electrical 46
Contactor 48
Machine, Rotating 49
Meter Instrument 53
Path, Transmission, Conductor,
Cable Wiring 55
Polarity Symbol 56
Switch 57
Transformer 58
Chapter 4 Magnets and Magnetic Fields 63
Magnetic Poles 63
Magnetic and Nonmagnetic
Substances 64
The Earth as Magnet 64
Magnetic Lines of Force 65
Molecular Theory of Magnetism 66
Strength of a Magnet 68
Lifting Power of a Magnet 68
Questions 69
PQ793-1046G-PFM[i-xviii].qxd 2/20/04 2:39 AM Page vii Quark05 Quark05:BOOKS:PQ JOBS:PQ793:FINAL:
Contents vii
Chapter 5 Ohm’s Law 71
Statement of Ohm’s Law 71
Analogy of Ohm’s Law 71
Illustrations of Ohm’s Law 72
Ohm’s Law and Power 74
The Ohm’s Law Circle 74
Formulas 75
Ohm’s Law 75
Power in Watts 75
Questions 76
Chapter 6 Capacitors 77
Capacitance 83
Capacitance in Series and Parallel 84
Capacitance in Other Than Regular
Capacitors 86
Formulas 87
Questions 87
Chapter 7 Resistance 89
Skin Effect 97
Conductivity 97
Voltage-Drop Calculation 99
Measuring Conductors 100
Questions 101
Chapter 8 Resistance in Series and Parallel 103
Resistances in Series 103
Resistances in Parallel 104
Series-Parallel Circuits 107
Questions 109
Chapter 9 Electrolysis 111
Terminology 111
Chemistry of Electrolysis 112