Attitudes, Personality and Behavior PDF
Preview Attitudes, Personality and Behavior
ATTITUDES, PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIOR MAPPING SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Series Editor: Tony Manstead Current titles: leek Ajzen: Attitudes, Personality and Behavior (Second Edition) Robert S. Baron and Norbert L. Kerr: Group Process, Group Decision, Group Action (Second Edition) Marilynn B. Brewer: Intergroup Relations (Second Edition) Steve Duck: Relating to Others (Second Edition) ]. Richard Eiser: Social Judgement Russell G. Geen: Human Aggression (Second Edition) Howard Giles and Nikolas Coupland: Language: Contexts and Consequences Dean G. Pruitt and Peter ]. Carnevale: Negotiation in Social Conflict Wolfgang Stroebe: Social Psychology and Health (Second Edition) John Turner: Social Influence Leslie A. Zebrowitz: Social Perception ATTITUDES, PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIOR SECOND EDITION leek Ajzen OPEN UNIVERSITY PRESS Open University Press McGraw-Hill Education McGraw-Hill House Shoppenhangers Road Maidenhead Berkshire England SL6 2QL email: To Rachela, Ron, and jonathan CONTENTS Preface ONE Attitudes and personality traits From acts to dispositions Inferring personality traits from behavior Inferring attitudes from behavior Attitudes versus traits Explicit measures of attitudes and personality traits Overcoming self-presentation biases Implicit measures of attitudes and personality traits From dispositions to actions Dimensions ofpersonality A hierarchical model of attitude Summary and conclusions Notes Suggestions for further reading TWO Consistency in human affairs Psychological foundations of consistency Preference for consistency Functional consistency Inherent consistency Empirical evidence Behavioral consistency Predictive validity Implications Summary and conclusions Notes Suggestions for further reading xi 1 2 2 3 5 6 14 16 19 19 20 22 22 23 24 25 25 26 28 30 3 1 3 3 3 8 3 9 3 9 40 viii THREE C ONTENTS From dispositions to actions The moderating variables approach Situational factors as moderators Individual differences as moderators Secondary characteristics of the disposition The MODE model: an integrative theoretical framework Strength o fbehavioral dispositions Moderating variables and the question of consistency Limitations of a moderating variables approach Summary and conclusions Notes Suggestions for further reading FOUR The principle of compatibility The logic o f aggregation Consistency of behavioral aggregates Predictive validity for behavioral aggregates Aggregation and the question of consistency Prediction of specific behavioral tendencies The principle of compatibility Personality traits and specific response tendencies Routines and habits Perceived behavioral control Attitudes and specific response tendencies Attitude toward a behavior Summary and conclusions Notes Suggestions for further reading FIVE From intentions to actions The case of willful behavior Predicting behavior from intention The case of incomplete volitional control Control factors Perceived behavioral control Spontaneous intentions Summary and conclusions Notes Suggestions for further reading SIX Explaining intentions and behavior A theory of planned behavior Predicting intentions Predicting behavioral goals The informational foundation of behavior Background factors Behavioral interventions Theoretical considerations Illustrations Summary and conclusions 41 41 42 45 48 5 7 58 63 64 69 70 70 7 1 72 74 78 80 83 85 88 88 9 1 94 94 96 9 7 98 99 99 100 107 107 1 10 1 13 1 15 1 15 1 16 1 1 7 1 1 7 1 19 1 20 1 23 1 34 136 136 1 3 7 140 C ON TENTS SEVEN ix Note Suggestions for further reading 141 141 Conclusion Behavioral consistency General dispositions and specific actions Verbal and nonverbal responses 142 143 144 144 References Author index Subject index 147 168 174
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